The Economist-20241214期「Leaders」Economic growth: Spanish lessons
02 全文梳理
【para1-2】今非昔比
-para1 经济衰败👉十几年前，西班牙经济发展衰败，百业萧条
-para2 欣欣向荣👉如今的西班牙是一众发达国家中表现最好的经济体
【para3】最佳驳斥👉西班牙经济繁荣证明了欧洲发展并非注定停滞不前
【para4-7】经验借鉴
-para4 产业结构👉重视服务业发展，对制造业祛魅
-para5 开放包容👉对移民持开放包容态度，助力经济发展
-para6 招商引资👉对外国资本投资持欢迎态度，积极开展合作
-para7 坚定改革👉坚定推动结构性改革，实现经济长期发展
【para8】挑战重重👉西班牙仍面临多种问题与挑战，亟需进一步改革
【para9】防微杜渐👉西班牙要持警惕之心，避免发展停滞不前
03 原文阅读 610words
Economic growth: Spanish lessons
Spain shows that there is nothing inevitable about Europe's decline
Economic growth: Spanish lessons
Spain shows that there is nothing inevitable about Europe's decline
[1] A DOZEN YEARS ago Spain was a byword for economic failure. The country’s government and banks appeared to be locked in a death spiral and depended on bail-outs. Young people were leaving the country or protesting at their lack of opportunities. Homes lay half-built and airports abandoned, relics of a burst construction bubble.
[7] Most important, Spain shows that structural reforms bring long-term rewards. Much of its recent success reflects decisions after the financial crisis to reform its banks and labour market. The financial sector has consolidated, and labour-market reforms have made it easier to renegotiate contracts and encouraged bosses to take on more permanent staff. A package of measures aiming to boost renewables, including abolishing the “sun tax” that levied additional fees on solar power, has helped green energy boom.
[8] Still, Spain must not rest easy. Tourism and immigration are bidding up house prices; investment and productivity growth remain elusive. An unwieldy and fragile coalition government is going in the wrong direction. It is unable to pass the further reforms needed to boost long-term growth, including in education and services. It is embracing fiddly regulations, driving up costs for businesses. It will need to find money to increase defence spending which, at just 1.3% of GDP, is much too low.
[9] Spain shows that European economies can overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges. It must take care that it does not start to illustrate the danger of standing still. ■
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