The Economist-20241102期「Leaders」Neurodiversity: Think outside the box
02 全文梳理
【para1】范围扩大👉过去认为ADHD只影响学龄男童，现在各年龄段人群ADHD诊断数量都在快速增长。
【para2】数据惊人👉英格兰ADHD的患病率较高，症状与自闭症、读写障碍等重叠。
【para3】二元弊端👉二元诊断法导致医疗资源紧张，且可能导致人才浪费和心理健康问题。
【para4-6】重新审视调整思路：
-para4 科学新解👉ADHD各种特征的严重程度差异很大，严重者需药物和疗法治疗。
-para5 科学做法👉而对于大多数ADHD患者，调整环境以适应其优势比使其“正常”更明智和经济。
-para6 实例应用👉英格兰朴茨茅斯教师培训评估儿童神经多样性，通过调整教学方式帮助ADHD特征学生。
【para7】全面推广👉应在学校和工作场所普遍推广适应神经多样性的措施，并培养宽容差异的文化。
03 原文阅读 578words
Neurodiversity: Think outside the box
Stop treating ADHD as a disorder. Adapt schools and workplaces for it
Neurodiversity: Think outside the box
Stop treating ADHD as a disorder. Adapt schools and workplaces for it
[5] But for most people with ADHD, the symptoms are mild enough to disappear when their environment plays to their strengths. Rather than trying to make people “normal”, it is more sensible—and cheaper—to adjust classrooms and workplaces to suit neurodiversity.
[6] In Portsmouth, in the south of England, teachers have been trained to assess a child’s neurodiversity profile on characteristics that include speech, energy levels, attention and adaptability. The goal is to find where children need support (being easily distracted) and where they have strengths (being a visual learner), without diagnosing them with anything in particular. Organising lessons to mix sitting, standing and working in groups is one way to make things easier for pupils with ADHD-type traits. Greater freedom to choose when to arrive at school or work can help those who are worn down by sensory overload during the morning rush. Bullet-point summaries of lessons or work memos, noise-cancelling headphones and quiet corners can help, too.
[7] Such things should be universally available at school and at work. Greater understanding of neurodiversity would reduce bullying in schools and help managers grasp that neurodivergent people are often specialists, rather than generalists. They may be bad in large meetings or noisy classrooms, but exceptional at things like multitasking and visual or repetitive activities that require attention to detail. Using their talents wisely means delegating what they cannot do well to others. A culture that tolerates differences and takes an enlightened view of the rules will help people achieve more and get more out of life. That, rather than more medical appointments, is the best way to help the growing numbers lining up for ADHD diagnoses. ■
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