大一政策宣讲周【专题4-学术不端】| Academic Misconduct

Academic misconduct involves any inappropriate actions by a student that seeks to provide an unfair advantage in assessments, including cheating, collusion, plagiarism, and fabrication amongst others. 

Such behaviors are unacceptable and can lead to serious penalties. It’s crucial for everyone to understand the relevant policies to avoid these issues.

学校将考试作弊、串通合谋、文章剽窃、伪造文件等行为视作严重的学术不端行为，一旦发现，学生将面临相应的处罚。

所以同学们一定要认真阅读相关的政策，避免此类行为的发生。

The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples of academic misconduct which will be considered under these regulations.

Plagiarism is the action of representing work or ideas of a third party as one’s own. 

For example, by failing to correctly acknowledge others’ ideas and work as sources of information in a summative assessment. 

Plagiarism is not limited to text-based sources; it also applies to the use of graphical material, images, video/audio, calculations, and many more.

False Authorship occurs when a student submits work they did not solely create, involving unauthorized collaboration with third parties or software tools. 

This includes using generative AI, such as ChatGPT or DALL-E, or other tools to complete assessments. Submitting work generated or improved by such software or over-relying on translation and paraphrasing tools to disguise original sources, is considered an attempt to gain an unpermitted academic advantage.

Collusion is cooperation with other people to gain an unpermitted advantage. 

This may occur where students have collaborated on a piece of work, in part or whole, and passed it off as their own individual efforts; where one student has authorised another to use their work, in part or whole, and to submit it as their own; or when a student has stolen somebody else’s work. 

A colluding student does not have to gain an unpermitted advantage in their own summative assessment in order for collusion and academic misconduct to have occurred.

Misconduct in examinations includes, for example, when an examination candidate:

Copying from the examination script of another candidate.

• Obtaining offers of or any other improper assistance from or to another candidate (or any other person unless an approved reader or scribe).

• Allowing themselves to be impersonated or when any person impersonates another examination candidate.

• Having with them any unauthorised materials, including mathematical tables, manuscripts or loose papers of any kind, unauthorised electronic devices such as mobile phones or smartwatches, or any source of unauthorised information.

Fabrication or misrepresentation is the presentation or misrepresentation of fabricated data, results, references, evidence, or other material.

下面给大家列举介绍一下典型的学术不端类型：

采用不当手段，窃取他人的观点、数据、图像、研究方法、文字表述等并以自己名义发表的行为被称为剽窃抄袭。

这类行为常发生于论文或写作作业中。很多情况下，同学们并不是“有意”抄袭，而是在”无意”中犯下了这个错误。

学术写作的过程中，请同学们切记不要把参考文献的词句直接用到自己的写作中，即便在句末有标注citation（引用），也不可以（双引号直接引用除外）。

在RWAC这门课里，大家会学到paraphrasing skills（释义，改述），大家要充分运用这个技巧把想要引用的语句消化理解，然后用自己的语言表述出来，这样才能避免学术不端行为。

不当署名是指学生并未实际参加研究或论著写作，或者学生并非该论文或作业的核心发表人，但却在这些作品中署上自己的名字。

随着人工智能的发展，各类辅助写作软件和工具层出不穷，例如ChatGPT等。如果提交的作业或论文是由AI产生或经由AI润色，目的是为了获取高分，那这样的行为就涉及了不当署名，是学术不端的一种。

特别要提醒的是，过度依赖翻译软件或改述软件，也有可能涉嫌学术不端。

该类行为指两名或多名学生为获取不当利益而合作。

例如：一篇要求学生独立完成的报告，实际上是多位学生一起合作完成的，这就涉嫌了合谋。再比如，授权其他同学使用自己的作业。

在往年的案例中，经常会有一些因为“热心”而犯错的同学。最常见的就是，同学或者朋友不知道这个作业或者文章该怎么写，他来找你，希望你把作业发给他参考一下。你出于好心发给了他，然后他就“借鉴”了你的作业，导致你俩的作业相似度很高，最后你俩一起“学术不端”了。你可能会觉得，你只是把作业给别人看了，自己又没抄别人的，你也控制不了别人的行为，为什么自己也被“学术不端”了？这里要和大家强调一下，虽然你在这件事中没有获利，但就事实而言，学术诚信已经被破坏了。所以，大家一定一定要保护好自己的作业！

包括但不限于：

• 抄袭其他考生的答案

• 考试中使用手机、电子词典、iWatch或未经授权的字典、计算器等

• 携带、带小抄或者在字典里记小抄（注意！携带白纸也有可能被认为是作弊）

• 替考

该类学术不端行为涉及数据造假、参考文献造假、提供造假证据等等。需要提醒大家注意的是，申请缓考(Extenuating Circumstances)时，如果提供的证据是假的，是会涉嫌学术不端的。

Cases of suspected Academic Misconduct will be referred through the CELE Academic Misconduct Officer and/or respective Module Convener, to the CELE Deputy Directors for a formal hearing at which the student will be invited to argue their case. The hearing panel will then decide on what penalty will be recommended to application to the affected assessment.

Possible Penalties:

• A written warning

• A deduction of mark(s) for the piece of coursework/the exam in which the academic misconduct has occurred

• A mark of zero for the entire piece of coursework/the exam in which the academic misconduct has occurred

• A mark of zero for the whole module in which the academic misconduct has occurred

• A referral to the Academic Misconduct Committee

一旦同学们被发现有学术不端行为，你有可能会被邀请进行一次面谈，并进一步解释所发生的情况。

在了解详情后，相关委员会将讨论并判定学术不端行为是否发生。如果判定学术不端确有发生，你有可能受到以下处罚：

• 书面警告

• 相应的考试或作业减分处理

• 相应的考试或作业零分处理

• 存在学术不端行为的相应课程零分处理

• 提交给校学术不端委员会进一步处理