记者从南开大学获悉
中华古典诗词大家、南开大学讲席教授
叶嘉莹
于2024年11月24日去世
享年100岁
TIANJIN, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese classical poetry doyenne Ye Jiaying died on Sunday at the age of 100, according to Nankai University where she held a teaching post.
The university said Ye died of illness at around 3:23 p.m. in the northern Chinese city of Tianjin.
Ye dedicated seven decades to the research, teaching and promotion of classical Chinese poetry in China and beyond. She was the teacher of many renowned Chinese literary masters.
Born to a literary family in Beijing in 1924, Ye held teaching posts in American and Canadian universities. Starting in 1979, she returned to the Chinese mainland every year to give lectures on Chinese literature and poetry, and lived in Nankai University during her final decades.
100岁的叶嘉莹
有两个关于“教师”的朴素愿望
90岁生日时她说
“如果人有来生
我就还做一个教师
仍然要教古典诗词”
95岁时
她又提起另一个愿望
“在有生之年
把即将失传的吟诵留给后学者”
Over a century ago, winters in Beijing were colder than nowadays with heavy snows and strong winds. Gu Sui, a prestigious professor at Fu Jen Catholic University, always wore a fur robe outside a cotton robe, as well as a woolen hat and thick scarf. When he entered the classroom, he would take off the heavy clothes before teaching.
从前,北京的冬天很冷,风雪很大。到了腊冬,北平辅仁大学里的顾随先生会穿上棉袍子,外头套个皮袍子,再戴上呢帽子和围巾,到了教室里,再层层地脱下。
I rode a bicycle to visit the school in autumn, when leaves turn golden and cover the alleys. The school's buildings, with gray tiles and red walls, are shrouded with the beauty of tranquility, making me envy those who study there.
秋天,金黄的银杏落叶铺了北京胡同一地。骑着自行车,按图索骥寻到北校,看灰瓦红墙,连廊叠翠,古色古香的建筑里别样的宁静,心里很是羡慕能在那里上学读书的同学。
Born in 1924 in a courtyard in Chayuan Hutong in Xicheng district in Beijing, Yeh graduated with Chinese literature major from Fu Jen Catholic University, demonstrating her gift in poetry at a young age. I have curiously wondered how much of Beijing's beautiful landscapes had inspired Yeh's poetry creation.
出生于1924年,叶嘉莹从小居住于北京西城区察院胡同。成年后,她又在辅仁大学读国文系,从小就展现出她在诗歌方面的天赋。北平有这样迷人的秋色和四合院的景致,不知是否也成为她诗意的源泉。
After she got married and moved to Taiwan with her husband in 1948, she worked as an educator, traditional Chinese literature researcher and writer. As one of a few Chinese scholars who toured the United States to teach traditional Chinese poetry in English in 1960s, Yeh worked at Harvard University and Michigan State University before settling down in Canada as a lifetime professor at the University of British Colombia.
1948年,她在南京结婚后,随丈夫前往台湾,此后成为一个教育家、传统诗词研究者和写作者。在上世纪60年代,她是为数较少的中国学者中,能用英语讲授中国古典诗词的。她曾在美国密歇根大学和哈佛大学讲学,后来又受聘为加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学的终身教授。
A poem written by Yeh might help to understand more about her charm.
附录叶先生的一首小诗, 或许,也能从诗中,感受到叶先生的随和淡定。
《庭前烟树为雪所压》
便觉禅机来树底,任它拂面雪霜飘。
with a poke of the pole
不同于普通传记电影,该片采用了别具一格的视听语言,将吟诗、空镜头等元素融入其中,展现出古典诗歌一般的意境感。此中诗意从广受关注的纪录片片名《掬水月在手》(Like the Dyer's Hand)中便可略见一斑。中文片名“掬水月在手”语出唐代诗人于良史的《春山夜月》:
春山夜月
Moon Over the Spring Mountain
春山多胜事,赏玩夜忘归。
In the spring mountains there were many spots worth seeing,
I forgot to return from my enjoyment though night fell.
掬水月在手,弄花香满衣。
In my hands that held water clear the moon seemed shining,
The caress of flowers steeped my clothes with sweet smell.
兴来无远近,欲去惜芳菲。
My mood for sightseeing lasted in spite of the distance,
I tried to leave but hated to part with the fragrance.
南望鸣钟处,楼台深翠微。
Looking southward at the place where the bell was tolling,
I saw in the deep of dark green the bell house standing.
(刑全臣 译)
诗歌描写了诗人春夜山中赏月的乐趣,全诗风格淡雅,写景状物极富神韵。尤其是“掬水月在手,弄花香满衣”两句,意境鲜明,展现了物我交融的别致体验,被选中作为片名的“掬水月在手”一句传达出的意境与美感与整部影片的古典气质可谓不谋而合。叶先生本人也认为片名蕴含古典诗歌的美感,并给出了自己的理解——水里月亮的倒影是一个影子,而不是真实的月亮,正如影片不是真实的自己,而是自己经历的反映。
相比于中文片名,影片英文名Like the Dyer's Hand(如染匠之手)似乎较为直白,却也不失韵味。“Like the Dyer's hand”出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》第111首(Sonnet 111):
Sonnet 111
O, for my sake do you with fortune chide,
请你为我去谴责命运吧。唉,
The guilty goddess of my harmful deeds,
这让我干有害事业的罪恶女神!
That did not better for my life provide,
除公共风习养育的公共方式外,
Than public means which public manners breeds.
她不让我的生活有更好的前程。
Thence comes it that my name receives a brand,
因此我名字只得把烙印承受,
And almost thence my nature is subdu’d
我的天性也大体屈服于我所
To what it works in, like the dyer’s hand:
从事的职业了,好像染师的手:
Pity me then and wish I were renew’d;
那么,你该可怜我,巴望我复活;
Whilst, like a willing patient, I will drink
而我像病人,心甘情愿地吞服
Potions of eysell, ‘gainst my strong infection;
醋药来驱除我身上严重的疾病;
No bitterness that I will bitter think,
任何苦药我都不觉得它苦,
Nor double penance, to correct correction.
赎罪再赎罪,不当作两度苦行。
Pity me then, dear friend, and I assure ye
可怜我吧,爱友,我向你担保,
Even that your pity is enough to cure me.
你对我怜悯就足够把我医好。
(屠岸 译)
在诗中,诗人谴责了命运,因为它使诗人在舞台上谋生,这种职业在当时并不受人尊重,诗人的天性因此受到压抑。通过“Like the dyer's hand”的比喻,诗人将从事舞台职业比作染匠的手被染料所沾染,形象地展示了自己与舞台职业的深刻联系,以及该联系带给诗人的苦恼和痛苦。影片选取“Like the dyer's hand”作为英文片名,无疑承袭了莎翁原比喻的精妙寓意——一个人一辈子做一件事,这件事就会像染料一样深入肌理,难解难分。但不同于莎翁在原诗中持有的消极态度,“Like the dyer's hand”借助生动形象的比喻诠释了叶嘉莹先生一生与诗歌融为一体的境界。
王国维在《人间词话》里说道:“天以百凶成就一词人。”叶嘉莹迄今将近百年、忧患不断却成就斐然的一生,正是这句话的注解。刘秉松曾说是古诗词救了她,她的苦痛都被诗词溶解了。
I indeed experienced suffering. Wang Guowei said one thing in his Renjian cihua, "Heaven uses a hundred misfortunes to fashion one Ci writer". I think you must have experienced the tribulations before you could understand the poems thoroughly.
——Like the dyer's hand
她曾经深情地说过,“‘老去余年更几多’,我还不知道能活几年,也许旦夕之间的事情 ,所以‘剩将余世付吟哦’,我就教大家吟诗,我觉得这个要把它传下去。‘遥天如有蓝鲸在’,蓝鲸可以隔洋传语,我留下的这一点海上的遗音,也许将来有一个人,会听到,会感动,现在的人都不接受也没关系。”
叶先生或以“蓝鲸之遗音”喻中华诗词及吟诵:“明月下,夜潮迟,微波迢递送微辞。遗音沧海如能会,便是千秋共此时。”
I think I need to pass it down, so I decided to teach people how to recite poetry. Perhaps one day someone will hear and be moved by the voice of the ocean I leave behind. It's OK that people now don't accept it.
Under the silver moon in the evening tide,
gentle waves carry afar the whispering sighs.
Should one hearing the voice lingering in the deep blue seas.
Then this hour the twain shall meet across thousand years.
——Like the dyer's hand
《人民日报》评论叶先生:“为中国诗词之美吟哦至今,更活成了人们心中的诗。九十载光阴弹指过,未应磨染是初心。诗词养性,先生风骨为明证。”在这个浮躁而忙碌的时代,或许很难,但我们都不应该放弃追求“掬水月在手”一般澄澈的心境,也不该停止追求叶嘉莹前辈身上深刻如染匠之手的“择一事,终一生”的初心与热爱。
经典摘抄
适用话题01:中国诗歌
中国古人作诗,是带着感情而写的;他们把自己内心的感动写出来,千百年后再读其诗作,依然能够受到同样的感动,这就是中国诗歌的生命。所以说,中国诗歌绝对不会灭亡。因为,只要是有感觉、有感情、有修养的人,就一定能够读出诗歌中所蕴含的充足的、真诚的生命,并且生生不已。
适用话题02:乐观平静
其实我一生经过了很多苦难和不幸,但是在外人看来,我却一直保持着乐观、平静的态度,这与我热爱古典诗词的确有很大关系。现在有一些青年竟因为被一时短浅的功利和物欲所蒙蔽,而不再能认识诗歌对人的心灵和品质的提升功用,这自然是一件极可遗憾的事情。如何将这遗憾的事加以弥补,这原是我这些年来的一大愿望,也是我这些年之所以不断回来教书,而且在讲授诗词时特别重视诗歌中感发之作用的一个主要原因。虽然我也自知学识能力都有所不足,恐终不免有劳而少功之诮,只不过是情之所在,不克自己而已。
适用话题03:兴发感动
中国诗歌的特色是什么?言志,《诗经》上说:“情动于中而形于言”。所以诗歌是你的感情,你内心有一种活动,然后用语言表达出来,所以中国的诗歌所注重的是人内心的兴发感动。那么,是什么东西引起你内心的活动呢?什么东西让你的心动起来呢?让你的心动起来的那个东西就是你作诗的一个动力。这是我们中国的诗,所以我常常说诗是以兴发感动为主的。
适用话题04:爱国思乡
那是一个暮春的黄昏 , 在我温哥华的住家的门前,是一大片茂密的树林。我要走过这一片树林 , 才能够到马路边的邮筒去投信。当时落日的余晖正在树梢上闪动着金黄色的亮丽的光影,而马路两边的樱花树则正飘舞着缤纷的落英。这些景色既更唤起了我对自己年华老去的警惕,也更令我感到了要想回国教朽,就应早日促其实现的重要性。古人说“一寸光阴一寸金”,金色的夕阳虽美,终将沉没,似锦的繁花虽美 , 也终将飘坠。我之想要回国教书的愿望,如果不能付诸实践,则不过也将如一场美梦之破灭消失终归于了无寻处。而当时满林的归鸟也更增加了我的思乡之情。
适用话题05:传承诗词
我还写过一首诗,里面有一句诗,说“甘为夸父死,敢笑鲁阳痴”。夸父是追太阳的,我希望尽我的力量做一些事情,我当然也没有什么大的本领,没有大的学问,但我真的喜欢诗词,我从诗词里看到古代的诗人那种美好的心灵,美好的品格和操守。我觉得应该把我看到的这么好的东西说出来,留下去。我一直在教书,情不自禁。这么好的诗词,不让青年人知道,不但是对不起青年人,也对不起古人。我已经九十多岁了,还坚持站着来讲课,这也是对诗词的一种尊重。当然人总是会老的,我现在有点跑不动了,走路常常怕跌跤。但体力虽衰,志意仍在。
人物导写
出生于书香世家,在近一个世纪的岁月里,叶嘉莹颠沛流离,前半生漂泊海外,最后回到中国。她气质高雅,学养深醇,用英语结合西方文学理论,透彻地讲授中国古典诗词与文论,给无数人诗词启蒙,让许多青年人爱上中国古典诗词。她执教几十载,为传播国学呕心沥血,被称为中国最后一位“穿裙子的士”。诗词濡染一生的她俗事不挂怀,诗词常在心,含辛茹苦传承古典诗词。
写在最后
▼
纪录片《掬水月在手》中,叶嘉莹引用了王国维的“天以百凶成就一词人”,她的一生正印证了这句话——经历过忧患,才能对诗词有更深的理解。
R.I.P.