原文信息：
Optimal gas-electric energy system decarbonization planning
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266679242200004X
Highlights
• Novel multi-period planning framework for decarbonization of integrated gas-electric energy systems.
• Customer appliance stock investment optimization enables low-cost substitution of final energy demands.
• Local gas quality restrictions may limit blending of hydrogen for direct-use in buildings.
• Mixed-integer nonlinear optimization implemented in high performance computing setting on a synthetic test case.
Abstract
As energy utilities implement climate change mitigation policies, system planners require strategies for achieving affordable emissions reductions. Coordinated planning of electric power and natural gas systems will allow synergistic investments to address cross-sector operational constraints, competing uses for net-zero emissions fuels, and shifts in energy demands across energy carriers. In this study, we develop a novel optimization program that finds the cost-minimizing mix of infrastructure expansion or reduction across gas and electric systems to satisfy sector-specific emissions constraints. Alongside energy supply resources, our framework allows for central-planning of end-use equipment stocks to allow switching between gas and electric appliances upon failure or premature replacement. The proposed model is used to simulate case study scenarios for a benchmark 24-pipe gas network coupled to a 24-node power system test network. We find that electrification of greater than 80% of core gas demands is a component of the least-cost solution for modeled energy systems. Despite this substitution, the gas system is maintained to service difficult-to-electrify customers and to deliver net-zero emissions gas to electricity generators in times of peak electricity demand. Restricting electrification of gas appliances increases reliance on power-to-gas technologies and increases annual costs by 15% in 2040. Neglecting constraints on pipeline blending of hydrogen can produce a misleading result that relies on hydrogen blend fractions of greater than 50%. In all cases, we find the average costs of delivered gas increase nearly 5-fold across the decarbonization transition, highlighting the importance of future work investigating cost-allocation strategies for ensuring an equitable energy transition.
Keywords
Integrated gas-electric system
Capacity expansion
Decarbonization
Net-zero energy system
System planning
Optimization
Multi-period
Graphics
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of integrated gas-electric energy system nodes.
Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of the case study scenarios explored in this analysis and the constraints added or removed from Eq. (1).
Fig. 6. Comparative results of time-extended planning optimization of a Mountain Northwest (left) and Coastal Pacific (right) integrated energy system for capacity (top), generation (middle), and gas production (bottom).
Fig. 8. Comparative results of appliance stocks for a Mountain Northwest (left) and Coastal Pacific (right) integrated energy system.
Fig. 12. Comparative results for increasing degrees of hydrogen blend limits ranging from unconstrained hydrogen blending (left), to hydrogen blend fractions constrained on an annual, system-wide basis (center), to blend limits imposed across daily time scales at the nodal level (left).
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