原文信息：
Using crowdsourced data to estimate the carbon footprints of global cities
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666792422000294
Highlights
• A hybrid method is established to estimate the carbon footprints of global cities.
• The method integrates top-down input–output analysis and bottom-up crowdsourced data.
• Carbon footprints of 465 global cities in 2020 are estimated.
• 10% of the global population in these cities account for 18% of global CO2 emissions.
• Unproportionable benefits could be obtained by carbon abatement in a few cities.
Abstract
Cities are at the forefront of the battle against climate change. However, intercity comparisons and responsibility allocations among cities are hindered because cost- and time-effective methods to calculate the carbon footprints of global cities have yet to be developed. Here, we establish a hybrid method integrating top-down input–output analysis and bottom-up crowdsourced data to estimate the carbon footprints of global cities. Using city purchasing power as the main predictor of the carbon footprint, we estimate the carbon footprints of 465 global cities in 2020. Those cities comprise 10% of the global population but account for 18% of the global carbon emissions showing a significant concentration of carbon emissions. The Gini coefficients are applied to show that global carbon inequality is less than income inequality. In addition, the increased carbon emissions that come from high consumption lifestyles offset the carbon reduction by efficiency gains that could result from compact city design and large city scale. Large climate benefits could be obtained by achieving a low-carbon transition in a small number of global cities, emphasizing the need for leadership from globally important urban centres.
Keywords
Consumption-based emissions
Carbon accounting
Carbon neutrality
Responsible consumption
Sustainable cities
Input-output analysis
Graphics
Fig. 1. Framework of the hybrid top-down and bottom-up carbon footprint estimation of global cities.
Fig. 2. Total carbon footprint and per capita footprint of global cities.
Fig. 3. Top 20 cities globally by carbon footprint and carbon footprint per capita. Cities with names in blue are from developed counties/regions and cities with names in orange are from developing ountries/regions.
Fig. 5. City carbon footprint and population. Developed and developing refer to cities in developed or developing countries.
Fig. 6. Carbon footprint per capita and income are higher in dense cities.
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