一、听力练习
1.
A. Hurricanes are less deadly than previously thought.
B. Hurricanes result in more deaths than car accidents or wars.
C. The study only focuses on economic impacts of hurricanes.
D. Hurricanes have no long-term health effects.
2.
A. Between 10,000 and 20,000.
B. Between 30,000 and 50,000.
C. Between 55,000 and 88,000.
D. Between 100,000 and 150,000.
3.
A. The immediate impact of the storm itself.
B. The economic burden leading to inability to access healthcare.
C. The decline in population after hurricanes.
D. Government estimates underreporting deaths.
二、听力文本
A new study says hurricanes in the United States are hundreds of times deadlier than government estimates say. In fact, the research finds, they result in more American deaths over the long term than car accidents or wars. The study found the average storm that hits the U.S. contributes to the early deaths of 7,000 to 11,000 people over a 15-year period. Solomon Hsiang is a climate economist at Stanford University in California. Hsiang co-wrote the study with Rachel Young of the University of California Berkeley. “After each storm there is sort of this surge of additional mortality in a state that's been impacted that has not been previously documented or associated with hurricanes in any way,” Hsiang said. The research considers hurricane deaths in a new way: through examination of long-term public health and economic effects of what is called excess mortality. The investigators looked at individual state death rates following 501 separate storms in the United States between 1930 and 2015. Their research shows a sudden rise or “bump” in death rates after each storm. Similar examinations are done for heat waves and other health threats like pollution and disease, Hsiang said. They compare death rates to pre-storm times while accounting for other influences that could be causing change to those rates, he said. Hsiang said additional research is needed to learn how storms contribute to deaths after the bad weather passes. But he theorized that storms cause major stress as well as environmental changes, including the spread of poisonous substances. He also said the economic cost of storms can leave people unable to pay for health care and other necessities. Storms are a factor in between 55,000 to 88,000 excess deaths each year, the study found. Over the 85 years included in the study, the team found that between 3.6 million and 5.2 million people died in connection with storm experience. That is more than the two million car accident deaths over that same period, the study said. Hsiang said he and Young saw a trend of increasing hurricane-connected deaths, mostly as a result of population growth. Beginning in 2000, there was a big jump in the total volume of storms hitting large populations, he said.
Question 1: What is the main idea of the news report?
Question 2: According to the study, how many excess deaths do storms contribute to each year?
Question 3: What factor does Solomon Hsiang suggest may contribute to the increased mortality after storms?
三、重点词汇
1. theorize: to develop a set of ideas about something 建立理论;从理论上说明
四、背景知识
在北半球，国际日期变更线以东到格林尼治子午线的海洋洋面上生成的热带气旋称之为飓风，而在国际日期变更线以西的海洋上生成的热带气旋称之为台风。世界气象组织的飓风命名表包括6组较常见西方人名。每组有21个人名，按照首字母从A至W顺序依次排列。名单中没有以Q、U、X、Y 和Z开头的人名，因为很少有人名以这几个字母开头。这些名称每6年循环使用一次。如果以某个人名命名的飓风造成的破坏特别严重，这个人名会从飓风名单中删除，代之以另一人名。（背景知识来自于百度百科）
五、参考答案
Question 1: B
Question 2: C
Question 3: B
六、网络翻译
一项新的研究表明，美国的飓风死亡人数远高于政府的估计。事实上，该研究发现，飓风在长期内导致的美国死亡人数超过了车祸或战争。研究发现，袭击美国的每次飓风平均会在15年内导致7,000到11,000人早亡。所罗门·希昂是加州斯坦福大学的气候经济学家，他与加州大学伯克利分校的瑞秋·杨共同撰写了这项研究。希昂表示：“每次风暴之后，受影响州的额外死亡人数都会突然增加，这种情况以前并未被记录或与飓风联系在一起。”该研究通过考察所谓的超额死亡的长期公共卫生和经济影响，重新审视了飓风造成的死亡。研究人员查看了1930年至2015年间美国501次独立风暴后各州的死亡率。研究显示，每次风暴后，死亡率会突然上升或出现“峰值”。希昂表示，类似的研究也用于热浪和其他健康威胁，如污染和疾病。他们比较了风暴前后的死亡率，同时考虑可能导致这些变化的其他因素。希昂表示，进一步的研究是必要的，以了解风暴在恶劣天气过后如何导致死亡。他推测，风暴造成的重大压力以及环境变化（包括有毒物质的传播）可能是原因之一。他还指出，风暴的经济成本可能使人们无法支付医疗保健和其他必需品。研究发现，每年风暴是造成55,000到88,000例超额死亡的因素。研究团队在85年的研究期间发现，与风暴经历相关的死亡人数在360万到520万之间。这一数字超过了同一时期的200万车祸死亡人数。希昂表示，他和杨观察到，与飓风相关的死亡人数呈增加趋势，主要是由于人口增长。自2000年以来，袭击大人口地区的风暴数量大幅增加。
七、版权说明
英文新闻来自于VOA；背景知识来自于国内等多个平台。本平台属于公益平台，未通过转载相关内容获得相关利益。文章不涉及打赏及相关产品推荐等。转载相关中文背景知识出于传递更多信息、方便学生理解相关新闻背景；英文文章及音频所传递的观点与本公众号无关。网络翻译来源于ChatGPT的在线翻译，翻译内容仅供参考。此外，内容删减仅是因为篇幅以及考虑学生接受等目的，不涉及歪曲事实观点及作者相关意见。若有来源标注错误或侵犯了您的合法权益，请与本公众号运营人员进行联系，我们将及时更正、删除，谢谢。 邮箱地址：yangyanchao@mmc.edu.mo
