一、听力练习
1.
A. The history of 18th-century paintings in Valencia.
B. Pilar Bosch’s bacteria-based restoration method.
C. Traditional art restoration techniques in Spain.
D. The role of local organizations in art restoration projects.
2.
A. She discovered it while working with her mother.
B. She learned about it from her family’s experience in art restoration.
C. She read about it in someone else’s academic paper.
D. She developed it during her visits to Italy.
3.
A. The process is faster and does not damage the artwork.
B. It eliminates the need for expensive materials.
C. It allows for a more detailed cleaning of the paintings.
D. The method works specifically for frescoes only.
二、听力文本
Spanish scientist Pilar Bosch has found a way to use bacteria to repair 18th-century paintings. Bosch, a microbiologist, tells Reuters she got the idea for the method while considering possibilities for a paper toward her doctoral degree. During this process, she discovered someone else's paper that suggested bacteria can be used to restore artworks. At around the same time, Bosch learned that her mother was struggling to find a good method for restoring 18th-century paintings. The paintings, by Spanish artist Antonio Palomino, sat in Santos Juanes – one of the oldest churches in the city of Valencia. Bosch said her mother, Pilar Roig, noted how difficult the restoration process at the church was. One reason was the glue used to remove the paintings from the walls in the 1960s. The substance was nearly impossible to remove completely. "My mother had a very difficult problem to solve and I found a paper about bacteria used to clean frescoes in Italy," Bosch said. A fresco is a kind of painting that often appears across a large wall. Bosch added she decided to write her doctoral paper on the same subject. That was more than ten years ago. Today, she gets to work with her mother on the church restoration. They are using the bacteria method to remove glue from artworks. The $4.46 million project is being financed by local organizations. The process involves feeding small amounts of the glue – made from animal collagen – to the bacteria. After a time, the bacteria begins to naturally produce enzymes to break down the glue. The mother-daughter team then mixes the bacteria with a natural algae-based substance, called a gel, and places it onto the paintings. They say that after about three hours, the gel mixture is removed, leaving the paintings glue-free. Bosch's mother, now 75, noted that in the past, restorers of artworks had to use traditional cleaning methods that "took hours and damaged the painting." She noted that several other relatives in the family also work in art restoration. Bosch agreed, saying the work "certainly runs in the family." Bosch has also used her bacteria removal process in other restoration projects in Italy and Spain. And, she is now training other scientists to use a different kind of bacteria to clear walls of painted graffiti.
Question 1: What is the main idea of the news report?
Question 2: How did Pilar Bosch come up with the idea for using bacteria in art restoration?
Question 3: What is one advantage of using bacteria for art restoration, according to the article?
三、重点词汇
1. graffiti: words or drawings, especially humorous, rude, or political, on walls, doors, etc. in public places （尤指写画在公共场合的墙或门上的幽默的、粗野的或政治性的）涂鸦，涂画
四、背景知识
据英国《泰晤士报》网站9月27日报道，安东尼奥·帕洛米诺因为在18世纪写了有关西班牙艺术家生平的传记被称为“西班牙的瓦萨里”(瓦萨里是16世纪意大利画家和建筑师，以所著传记《艺苑名人传》留名后世——本网注)。如今，帕洛米诺自己创作的壁画也将获得新生。他在西班牙巴伦西亚桑托斯胡安内斯教堂穹顶留下的画作正在以一种不同寻常的方式得到修复。几百年来，这些画作遭遇灰尘覆盖、战争破坏以及之前一次失败的修复。现在，人们要用细菌产生的酶来清洗它们。微生物学家皮拉尔·博什与她的母亲、文物修复师皮拉尔·罗伊格携手开展了一个耗资400万欧元的项目。该项目由当地基金会资助，目标是修复这些画作。她们的工作始于2008年。当时，博什在撰写博士论文的过程中偶然发现意大利的一项研究。该研究提出，可以用细菌修复艺术品。当时，她的母亲在清理帕洛米诺的教堂壁画时遭遇重重困难，她发现，上世纪60年代修复工作中用于从墙壁上取下壁画的胶水特别难以清除。这些壁画创作于1697至1701年间，已受到严重侵蚀，且在1936至1939年的西班牙内战中几乎毁于一场大火。这场灾难过后，人们开始修复壁画。上世纪60年代，这些壁画被人们从墙壁上取下，之后又被重新钉上去。画作仍然覆盖着胶水。据西班牙《国家报》报道，如今看来，当时的修复工作“构成了一个目录，列明了拯救艺术品时不应该做的一切”。（背景知识来自于https://bbs.hupu.com/628178813.html）
五、参考答案
Question 1: B
Question 2: C
Question 3: A
六、网络翻译
西班牙科学家皮拉尔·博世（Pilar Bosch）找到了一种利用细菌修复18世纪画作的方法。作为一名微生物学家，博世在为她的博士学位撰写论文时萌生了这一想法。在这一过程中，她发现了一篇论文，提出细菌可以用于修复艺术品。大约在同一时间，博世得知她的母亲在为寻找修复18世纪画作的好方法而苦恼。那些画作是西班牙艺术家安东尼奥·帕洛米诺（Antonio Palomino）的作品，位于瓦伦西亚市最古老的教堂之一——圣胡安教堂（Santos Juanes）。博世表示，她的母亲皮拉尔·罗伊格（Pilar Roig）指出了教堂修复工作中的难题之一，那就是在1960年代为了从墙上移除这些画作所使用的胶水，这种物质几乎无法完全去除。 博世说道：“我母亲遇到了一个非常棘手的问题，而我找到了一篇关于在意大利使用细菌清洁壁画的论文。” 壁画是一种通常出现在大墙上的绘画。博世补充说，她决定将自己的博士论文也写在这个主题上。这是十多年前的事了。如今，她与母亲一起进行教堂的修复工作。他们正在使用细菌方法去除画作上的胶水。这个耗资446万美元的项目由当地组织资助。该过程涉及给细菌喂食少量的由动物胶原蛋白制成的胶水。过一段时间，细菌会自然产生酶，分解胶水。母女团队随后将细菌与一种由天然海藻制成的物质（称为凝胶）混合，并将其放在画作上。他们说，大约三小时后，移除凝胶混合物，画作上的胶水就消失了。 现年75岁的博世的母亲指出，过去艺术品修复人员不得不使用传统的清洁方法，这些方法“耗时长，还会损坏画作”。她还提到，家里的几位亲戚也从事艺术修复工作。博世同意这一说法，称这项工作“确实是家族传承”。博世还在意大利和西班牙的其他修复项目中使用了她的细菌去除工艺。此外，她现在正在培训其他科学家使用另一种细菌来清除墙上的涂鸦。
七、版权说明
英文新闻来自于VOA；背景知识来自于国内等多个平台。本平台属于公益平台，未通过转载相关内容获得相关利益。文章不涉及打赏及相关产品推荐等。转载相关中文背景知识出于传递更多信息、方便学生理解相关新闻背景；英文文章及音频所传递的观点与本公众号无关。网络翻译来源于ChatGPT的在线翻译，翻译内容仅供参考。此外，内容删减仅是因为篇幅以及考虑学生接受等目的，不涉及歪曲事实观点及作者相关意见。若有来源标注错误或侵犯了您的合法权益，请与本公众号运营人员进行联系，我们将及时更正、删除，谢谢。 邮箱地址：yangyanchao@mmc.edu.mo
