文章名称：The functional basis of referentiality: Evidence from children's spontaneous speech
文献引用：Pine, Julian M. (1992). The functional basis of referentiality: Evidence from children's spontaneous speech. First Language, Vol 12(34, Pt 1), 39-55. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272379201203403, © 1992 by SAGE Publications. Reproduced by Permission of SAGE Publications.
量表名称：Functional Basis of Children's Referential Vocabulary Coding Scheme
计分方式：The coding scheme consists of a hierarchical system: (1) Response categories (Conversational responses and elicited responses), (2) Initiation categories (Attention, Statement [Labeling and Description], Regulation [Demand and Protest], Miscellaneous, and Unclassifiable).
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量表维度：
1. THE RESPONSE CATEGORIES: utterances which represent direct responses to another’s question.
These are subdivided as follows:
(a) Conversational responses : utterances which provide an appropriate response to genuine requests for information (e.g., Adult: ’What would you like to drink?’, Child: ’Juice’), or which provide such a response to rhetorical questions as if they were genuine requests
for information (e.g., ’Yes’ responses to tag questions).
(b) Elicited responses : utterances which provide an appropriate, though
not necessarily correct, response to a question where the answer is already known to the interlocutor (e.g., Adult: ’What does the duck say?’, Child: ’woof).
2. THE INITIATION CATEGORIES: utterances which are not direct responses to another’s
question. These are subdivided as follows:
(a) Attention : utterances which attempt to direct someone else’s attention to some object, action or event in the immediate environment (e.g., ’See’, ’Look’, ’Mummy’, ’What’s that?’).
(b) Statement : utterances which make some statement about the world, including statements
about the child’s environment and statements about the child itself and his or her behaviour.
This category is further subdivided as follows:
(i) Labelling : utterances which make reference to an object by name alone (e.g, ’Dog’, ’Ball’).
(ii) Description : utterances which make some statement, other than naming, or in addition to naming, about an object, action or event (e.g., ’Dark’, ’Dropped it’, ’Cat gone’).
(c) Regulation : utterances which attempt to regulate the behaviour of another person in some
way, excluding attempts to regulate attention as in
2 (a) above. This category is further subdivided as follows:
(i) Demand : utterances which request or demand that another person do something
or get something for the child or that request permission from another person to do
something (e.g., ’More’, ’Juice’, ’Biscuit’, ’Carry’, ’Mummy’).
(ii) Protest : utterances spoken to refuse to do something, accept something or otherwise accede to the wishes of another or which express displeasure with some event or some action by another person (e.g., ’No’, ’Don’t’, ’Stop it’).
(d) Miscellaneous : utterances where the child’s intention is intelligible, but the utterance
cannot be categorized in any of the above categories (e.g., ’Boo’, ’Thank you’, ’Here you are’).
(e) Unclassifiable : utterances where the child’s intention is ambiguous or unintelligible.
