旷野的抚慰 - 2024韩素英大赛英汉译稿

文摘   2024-05-31 23:59   广东  

本文系2024年韩素音翻译大赛英译汉的原文选段、自译稿,及译后评述。

这篇文章来自于同名书籍(写于1985年),选自前言的前两节。通过查阅原书,发现并无删节。所以文章本身的理解,应当不涉及依赖上下文才能解读的内容。并且判断出本文应当属于散文杂文类,文学性较强,虽然文中不少地方提及了一些地质学和生物的名词,也不应当视为严谨的科普文章。所以我个人对此篇的翻译取向,更追求文学性,某些地方放弃了严谨的对译,只要涵盖到主要的意向即可,更重要的是把握作者暗含的情绪和价值判断。

另外,近年来翻译受到AI的冲击不可谓不小。我在翻译时也借助了ChatGPT,有些字句我都直接采用了,但仍发现了不少AI做不好的地方。GPT的译文只是初译,没有修改,直接比较有些不公平,但是还是一并贴上来。虽然直接用AI翻译效果不佳,但是有另种用法,可以非常好地辅助翻译工作。最主要的便是提供一些背景知识,或者在拿不准的地方让AI进行价值/情感判断。后文会分析几个要点。

这次翻译的思路是一贯的,很多小细节的处理都大致遵循解析中提到的一些取向。其他一些常见的取向,例如多用短句,巧用中文中动词同时涵盖主动被动语义的特性而少用被动句,适度补充信息增译等,则不再赘述。

这次韩素英英汉翻译的选文,我还挺喜欢的,有点像前年《疫情中的朝山》,兼具文学性和描述。相比下去年讲非遗的文章就太过无趣了。

虽然两年都没拿奖,这么批评显得我很酸的样子。但我还是要说,看过前两年难以苟同的官方译文范本,其解析、裁判资历阵容、评判标准都不明不白,实在是不太认同这个比赛。

本文仅是个人看法,不是说我的解法译法就是唯一正确的。把自己的译文和解析发出来,权当交流,抛砖引玉吧。


[O] 原文  [C] ChatGPT翻译(无修改)  [S] 自译

[O] The Solace of Open Spaces

[C] 空旷之地的慰藉

[S] 旷野的抚慰


[O] It’s May and I’ve just awakened from a nap, curled against sagebrush the way my dog taught me to sleep—sheltered from wind. A front is pulling the huge sky over me, and from the dark a hailstone has hit me on the head. I’m trailing a band of two thousand sheep across a stretch of Wyoming badlands, a fifty-mile trip that takes five days because sheep shade up in hot sun and won’t budge until it’s cool. Bunched together now, and excited into a run by the storm, they drift across dry land, tumbling into draws like water and surge out again onto the rugged, choppy plateaus that are the building blocks of this state. 

[C] 五月,我刚从小憩中醒来,像我的狗教我那样蜷缩在蒿丛中,避开风。一个锋面正将巨大的天空拉到我上方,从黑暗中,一颗冰雹打在我的头上。我正带着两千只羊穿越怀俄明州的荒地,这段五十英里的旅程需要五天,因为羊群在烈日下会躲在阴凉处,直到凉快了才肯动弹。现在,它们聚集在一起,被风暴激起,像水一样流过干燥的土地,涌进沟壑,再次涌上这片州的崎岖不平的高地。

[S] 五月,我从小憩中醒来,我学着我的狗那样,蜷缩着抵着蒿草——以避风而眠。锋面拉着巨大的天空盖过我,黑暗中掉落的一颗冰雹砸在了我的头上。我正带着两千头羊穿过怀俄明州的荒地,这段五十英里的旅程也要耗时五天,因为羊群会躲避烈日,缩在阴凉处,直到凉快了才肯动弹。现在,它们聚集在一起,被风暴激起,像水一样流过干旱的土地,冲进沟壑,再涌上怀俄明这片标志性的崎岖不平的高地。


[O] The name Wyoming comes from an Indian word meaning “at the great plains,” but the plains are really valleys, great arid valleys, sixteen hundred square miles, with the horizon bending up on all sides, into mountain ranges. This gives the vastness a sheltering look. 

[C] 怀俄明这个名字来源于一个印第安词语,意为“大平原上的”,但这些平原实际上是巨大的干旱山谷,面积达1600平方英里,地平线在四周上升,形成山脉。这给人一种被庇护的感觉。

[S] 怀俄明的名字来源于印第安语,意为“在大平原上”。说是大平原,但这里其实是众多的山谷,巨大而干旱的山谷,遍布一千六百平方英里,在四周推挤着地平线,形成山脉,庇护着这片辽阔。


[O] Winter lasts six months here. Prevailing winds spill snowdrifts to the east, and new storms from the northwest replenish them. This white bulk is sometimes dizzying, even nauseating, to look at. At twenty, thirty, and forty degrees below zero, not only does your car not work, but neither do your mind and body. The landscape hardens into a dungeon of space. During the winter, while I was riding to find a new calf, my jeans froze to the saddle, and in the silence that such cold creates I felt like the first person on earth, or the last. 

[C] 这里的冬天持续六个月。西风把雪堆向东吹,新风暴从西北补充雪量。这种白色的堆积有时让人眼花缭乱,甚至感到恶心。在零下二十、三十和四十度时,不仅你的车无法工作,你的思维和身体也无法运转。景观硬化成一个空间的地牢。冬天,当我骑马寻找一头新生小牛时,我的牛仔裤冻在了马鞍上,在如此寒冷创造的寂静中,我感觉自己像是地球上的第一个人,或者是最后一个。

[S] 这里的冬季长达六个月。西风盛行,将雪堆吹向东边,而新的风暴又从西北吹来,积起雪堆。这白的雪堆有时让人目眩,甚至恶心。在零下二十、三十,甚至四十度,不仅你的车无法工作,你的思维和身体也无法运转。风景冻成了地牢。当我在冬季骑马寻找一头牛犊时,我的裤子和马鞍冻在了一起,一片寂静中,如此严寒,我觉得自己像是天地间第一个人类,又或是最后一个。


[O] Today the sun is out—only a few clouds billowing. In the east, where the sheep have started off without me, the benchland tilts up in a series of eroded red-earthed mesas, planed flat on top by a million years of water; behind them, a bold line of muscular scarps rears up ten thousand feet to become the Big Horn Mountains. A tidal pattern is engraved into the ground, as if left by the sea that once covered this state. Canyons curve down like galaxies to meet the oncoming rush of flat land. 

[C] 今天,太阳出来了——只有几朵云在翻滚。在东方,羊群已经没有我继续出发,台地逐级上升,形成一系列侵蚀的红色平顶山丘,顶上被百万年的水流冲刷平坦;在它们身后,一条粗壮的断崖线耸立,高达一万英尺,成为大角山。地面上刻有潮汐的图案,仿佛是曾经覆盖这个州的海洋留下的。峡谷像银河一样蜿蜒而下,迎接即将到来的平原。

[S] 今天太阳出来了——仅有几朵云在翻滚。羊群已经出发远去东边,山体逐级抬升,形成一阶阶红岩地形,百万年来被水冲刷侵蚀成了平顶。在它们之后,雄伟的断崖,耸立一万英尺高,那便是大角山。地表蚀刻着潮汐的斑纹,似乎是曾覆盖着怀俄明的海洋留下的。峡谷像银河一样蜿蜒而下,与平地交会。


[O] To live and work in this kind of open country, with its hundred-mile views, is to lose the distinction between background and foreground. When I asked an older ranch hand to describe Wyoming’s openness, he said, “It’s all a bunch of nothing—wind and rattlesnakes—and so much of it you can’t tell where you’re going or where you’ve been and it don’t make much difference.” 

[C] 在这种拥有百里视野的空旷土地生活和工作,会让人无法辨别背景和前景。当我问一个老牧场工人如何描述怀俄明的空旷时,他说:“这就是一堆什么都没有——风和响尾蛇——多到你分不清你要去哪里或者你来过哪里,也没什么大不了的。” 

[S] 在这样目空百里的旷野生活工作,使人无法辨别前景与背景。当我询问一位老牧场工人,应如何描述怀俄明的空旷,他说道,“就是啥都没有——只有风和响尾蛇——啥都没有,人在哪儿去到哪儿,啥区别都没有”。


[O] John, a sheepman I know, is tall and handsome and has an explosive temperament. He has a perfect intuition about people and sheep. They call him “Highpockets,” because he’s so long-legged; his graceful stride matches the distances he has to cover. He says, “Open space hasn’t affected me at all. It’s all the people moving in on it.” The huge ranch he was born on takes up much of one county and spreads into another state; to put 100,000 miles on his pickup in three years and never leave home is not unusual. A friend of mine has an aunt who ranched on Powder River and didn’t go off her place for eleven years. When her husband died, she quickly moved to town, bought a car, and drove around the States to see what she’d been missing. 

[C] 我认识的一个牧羊人约翰,高大英俊,脾气暴躁。他对人和羊有着完美的直觉。他们叫他“高袋”,因为他腿长;他优雅的步伐与他要覆盖的距离相匹配。他说:“空旷的地方对我没有任何影响。是那些搬进来的人。”他出生的大牧场占据了一个县的大部分,延伸到另一个州;在三年内让他的皮卡跑了十万英里而不离开家是很正常的。我的一个朋友有一个姑姑,她在粉河上牧场,十一年没有离开她的地方。当她丈夫去世后,她迅速搬到城里,买了辆车,环游美国,看她错过了什么。

[S] 我认识一个牧羊人,名叫约翰,高大英俊,脾气暴躁。对于人和羊群,他有着精准的直觉。人们叫他“高腰裤”,因为他有两条大长腿;迈着优雅的步伐,与步幅相得益彰。他说,“旷野完全不会影响我,都是那些新来的才会这么说”。他出生在牧场,牧场很大,占据了一个县的大部分,并延伸到另外一州;三年里,不出牧场范围,他的皮卡也能跑上十万英里,这毫不稀奇。我的一个朋友,他的姑姑在保德河那里放牧,十一年间没有离开过牧场。当她丈夫去世后,她火速搬到了镇上,买了一辆车周游美国,看看这些年的牧场生活都让她错过了什么。


[O] Most people tell me they’ve simply driven through Wyoming, as if there were nothing to stop for. Or else they’ve skied in Jackson Hole, a place Wyomingites acknowledge uncomfortably because its green beauty and chic affluence are mismatched with the rest of the state. Most of Wyoming has a “lean-to” look. Instead of big, roomy barns and Victorian houses, there are dugouts, low sheds, log cabins, sheep camps, and fence lines that look like driftwood blown haphazardly into place. People here still feel pride because they live in such a harsh place, part of the glamorous cowboy past, and they are determined not to be the victims of a mining-dominated future. 

[C] 大多数人告诉我,他们只是开车经过怀俄明,好像没有什么值得停留的地方。或者他们在杰克逊霍尔滑雪,这是怀俄明人不舒服地承认的地方,因为它的绿色美景和时尚富裕与州的其他部分不匹配。怀俄明的大部分地方看起来像“倚靠着”的样子。这里没有宽敞的大谷仓和维多利亚风格的房屋,而是地洞、低棚、原木小屋、羊棚和看起来像是随意吹到一起的篱笆线。这里的人们仍然为生活在如此严酷的地方感到自豪,这是迷人的牛仔过去的一部分,他们决心不成为以采矿为主的未来的受害者。

[S] 大多数人和我说,他们只会开车路过怀俄明,这里好像没什么值得停留的地方。他们最多去过杰克逊霍尔滑雪,但对于这个地方,怀俄明人不太情愿认同,因为它的绿色美景和时尚富裕,与怀俄明州其他地方并不相符。怀俄明的大部分地方,有种“简易搭建”的观感。这里没有宽敞的大谷仓和维多利亚式的房屋,而有着掩体地洞、矮棚、木屋、羊圈,和看着像是被风随意吹成形的篱笆。但这里的人们,生活环境如此严酷,也仍感到自豪,这里能追忆起牛仔的迷人往昔,他们也拒绝以采矿为未来主业,以免因环境恶化而受害。


[O] Most characteristic of the state’s landscape is what a developer euphemistically describes as “indigenous growth right up to your front door”—a reference to waterless stands of salt sage, snakes, jack rabbits, deerflies, red dust, a brief respite of wildflowers, dry washes, and no trees. In the Great Plains the vistas look like music, like Kyries of grass, but Wyoming seems to be the doing of a mad architect—tumbled and twisted, ribboned with faded, deathbed colors, thrust up and pulled down as if the place had been startled out of a deep sleep and thrown into a pure light. 

[C] 州景观最具代表性的特点是开发商委婉地描述为“本地植被直达你家门口”——指的是无水的盐蒿、蛇、兔子、鹿蝇、红色的尘土、短暂的野花、干涸的河道和没有树木。在大平原上,视野看起来像音乐,像草地上的“Kyries”,但怀俄明看起来像一个疯狂的建筑师的作品——翻滚和扭曲,带有褪色的临终颜色,被抛起又拉下,仿佛这个地方从沉睡中惊醒,被投入到纯粹的光芒中。

[S] 怀俄明最具特色的景观,开发商会委婉地描述为“打开家门就是土生地物”——说的其实就是无水盐碱地的蒿草、蛇、野兔、马蝇、红土、稀少的野花、干涸的河床,不生树木。大平原地区的景致像音乐,如草的垂怜颂曲,而怀俄明则像是癫狂建筑师的构筑——翻倒,扭曲,缠上褪色枯朽的绸带,抛起,拽下,这地方似乎从蛰睡中惊醒,又冲入纯粹的光芒中。


[O] I came here four years ago. I had not planned to stay, but I couldn’t make myself leave. John, the sheepman, put me to work immediately. It was spring, and shearing time. For fourteen days of fourteen hours each, we moved thousands of sheep through sorting corrals to be sheared, branded, and deloused. I suspect that my original motive for coming here was to “lose myself” in new and unpopulated territory. Instead of producing the numbness I thought I wanted, life on the sheep ranch woke me up. The vitality of the people I was working with flushed out what had become a hallucinatory rawness inside me. I threw away my clothes and bought new ones; I cut my hair. 

[C] 四年前我来到这里。我本没打算留下来,但我无法让自己离开。牧羊人约翰立刻让我开始工作。那是春天,剪羊毛的季节。十四天,每天十四小时,我们把成千上万的羊通过分类围栏,进行剪羊毛、烙印和除虱。我怀疑我最初来到这里的动机是想在新的人迹罕至的地方“迷失自己”。但在牧羊场的生活没有产生我想要的麻木感,反而让我醒来了。我工作的这些人的活力冲刷掉了我内心变得幻觉般的生硬。我扔掉了旧衣服,买了新衣服;剪了头发。

[S] 四年前我来到这里。本没有打算长驻,然而我却不愿离开。牧羊人约翰马上安排我去工作。那时是春天,剪羊毛的时节。十四天,每天十四小时,我们驱赶成千上万的羊穿过分群围栏,剪毛、烙印、除虱。原本我来这里的目的,或许是为了在人迹罕至的新地方“迷失自我”。然而,并没有产生我曾以为我想要的麻木,牧羊的工作反而让我醒了过来。与人们一同工作,他们的活力冲刷走了我内心积聚如幻觉般的生冷。我扔掉了旧衣服,买了新衣服;也剪了头发。


[O] The arid country was a clean slate. Its absolute indifference steadied me. 

[C] 这片干旱的土地是一块干净的石板。它的绝对冷漠稳定了我。

[S] 这片干旱的土地,是块未施雕琢的石板。它的绝然冷漠使我平静。


[O] Sagebrush covers 58,000 square miles of Wyoming. The biggest city has a population of fifty thousand, and there are only five settlements that could be called cities in the whole state. The rest are towns, scattered across the expanse with as much as sixty miles between them, their populations two thousand, fifty, or ten. They are fugitive-looking, perched on a barren, windblown bench, or tagged onto a river or a railroad, or laid out straight in a farming valley with implement stores and a block-long Mormon church. In the eastern part of the state, which slides down into the Great Plains, the new mining settlements are boomtowns, trailer cities, metal knots on flat land. 

[C] 蒿丛覆盖了怀俄明州的58000平方英里。最大的城市有五万人口,整个州只有五个可以称为城市的定居点。其余的是小镇,散布在辽阔的土地上,之间的距离可达六十英里,人口两千、五十或十个。它们看起来像逃亡者,栖息在荒凉、风吹的高地,或附着在河流或铁路上,或在一个农业山谷中直线布局,有农具店和一条街长的摩门教堂。在州的东部,滑入大平原,新兴的矿业定居点是繁荣的小镇、拖车城市、平地上的金属结。

[S] 蒿草覆盖了怀俄明五万八千平方英里的土地。最大的城市有五万人口,而全州能称为城市的聚居点仅有五个。其余只是些小镇,散布于辽阔的土地上,间隔可达六十英里。有的人口两千,有的五十,甚至只有十个人。这些小镇看着像逃荒者,栖息在荒凉而大风的高地,或依附于河流铁路,或沿直线聚居于务农的山谷中,直街上有着农具店,和横踞一个街区的摩门教堂。怀俄明州的东部,地势渐低,与大平原接壤,这里的采矿聚居点,是繁荣的新兴小镇,是拖挂车满布的临时城市,是平地上的金属结。


[O] Despite the desolate look, there’s a coziness to living in this state. There are so few people (only 470,000) that ranchers who buy and sell cattle know one another statewide; the kids who choose to go to college usually go to the state’s one university, in Laramie; hired hands work their way around Wyoming in a lifetime of hirings and firings. And despite the physical separation, people stay in touch, often driving two or three hours to another ranch for dinner. 

[C] 尽管看起来荒凉,但在这个州生活有一种温馨感。人很少(只有四十七万),买卖牛的牧场主们全州范围内彼此认识;选择上大学的孩子通常去州唯一的大学,位于拉勒米;受雇的工人们在一生的雇佣和解雇中游历怀俄明。尽管物理上分离,人们仍保持联系,常常驱车两三小时到另一个牧场吃晚饭。

[S] 尽管看着荒凉,但怀俄明的生活也有一种舒适惬意。这里的人很少(只有四十七万),全州买卖牛的牧场主们都相互认识;想上大学的孩子通常都去位于拉勒米全州唯一的大学;雇佣工打工游历,入职离职,终其一生都在怀俄明州内。尽管身处各方,人情仍然热络,常常开车两三个小时,只为去别家牧场吃个晚饭。


[O] Seventy-five years ago, when travel was by buckboard or horseback, cowboys who were temporarily out of work rode the grub line—drifting from ranch to ranch, mending fences or milking cows, and receiving in exchange a bed and meals. Gossip and messages traveled this slow circuit with them, creating an intimacy between ranchers who were three and four weeks’ ride apart. One old-time couple I know, whose turn-of-the-century homestead was used by an outlaw gang as a relay station for stolen horses, recall that if you were traveling, desperado or not, any lighted ranch house was a welcome sign. Even now, for someone who lives in a remote spot, arriving at a ranch or coming to town for supplies is cause for celebration. To emerge from isolation can be disorienting. Everything looks bright, new, vivid. After I had been herding sheep for only three days, the sound of the camp tender’s pickup flustered me. Longing for human company, I felt a foolish grin take over my face; yet I had to resist an urgent temptation to run and hide. 

[C] 七十五年前,当旅行方式是马车或骑马时,暂时失业的牛仔们靠着食物线——在牧场之间漂流,修篱笆或挤牛奶,以换取床位和餐食。八卦和消息随着他们的缓慢行程传递,在相距三四周路程的牧场主之间创造了亲密关系。我认识的一对老夫妻,他们的世纪初的家园被一个匪徒团伙用作偷马的中转站,回忆说,如果你在旅行,不论是亡命之徒还是其他,任何亮着灯的牧场都是欢迎的标志。即使现在,对于住在偏远地方的人来说,抵达牧场或到镇上采购都是值得庆祝的事。从孤立中走出来可能会让人迷失方向。所有东西看起来都很明亮、新鲜、生动。我只放了三天羊,听到营地服务员的皮卡声时,我感到不知所措。渴望人类的陪伴,我脸上露出了傻笑;然而,我不得不抵制一种强烈的冲动,想跑去藏起来。

[S] 七十五年前,人们旅行还依靠马车或骑马,暂时无业的牛仔沿着食物线骑行——从一片牧场漂泊到另一片,修篱笆挤牛奶,以换取床铺和餐食。八卦和消息随着他们缓慢的旅程传递开,相距三四周路程的牧场主们也得以产生亲密联系。我认识的一对老夫妻,他们上世纪末时的家园曾被匪帮占据,用作盗窃马匹的中转站。他们回忆起过往,在当时,旅途中的你不论是亡命徒或是谁,亮着灯的牧场都会迎你进门。即使到了现在,对于住在偏远地区的人而言,到达牧场的房屋或到镇上采购,都是值得庆贺的事情。从孤立状态脱离出来,会让人感到迷失。所有东西看起来都很明亮、新鲜、生动。有一次,我仅是放了三天羊,当听到牧场营地管理员的皮卡车声,我就感到不知所措。我渴望其他人类的陪伴,脸上露出了傻笑;然而也涌出了一种想逃离躲藏的冲动,使我不得不压抑住它。


[O] Things happen suddenly in Wyoming, the change of seasons and weather; for people, the violent swings in and out of isolation. But good-naturedness is concomitant with severity. Friendliness is a tradition. Strangers passing on the road wave hello. A common sight is two pickups stopped side by side far out on a range, on a dirt track winding through the sage. The drivers will share a cigarette, uncap their thermos bottles, and pass a battered cup, steaming with coffee, between windows. These meetings summon up the details of several generations, because, in Wyoming, private histories are largely public knowledge. 

[C] 在怀俄明,事情发生得很突然,季节和天气的变化;对于人来说,孤立和融入的剧烈变化。但友善伴随着严酷。友善是一种传统。路上遇到陌生人会挥手问好。一个常见的景象是两辆皮卡在远处的牧场上、蜿蜒穿过蒿丛的土路上并排停下。司机们会分享一根香烟,打开保温瓶,在车窗之间传递一只破旧的杯子,里面冒着热气腾腾的咖啡。这些会面唤起了几代人的细节,因为在怀俄明,私人历史大多是公共知识。

[S] 在怀俄明,事情发生得都很猛烈,例如季节气候的变化;而人的变化,则是猛然进入或脱出孤立的状态。猛烈,也伴随着友善。友善是一种传统。在路上遇到陌生人会挥手问好。常常能见到两辆皮卡在牧场偏远处,并排停在蜿蜒穿过蒿丛的土路上。司机们分享一根香烟,打开保温壶,从车窗间递过一只破旧的杯子,里边冒着热气腾腾的咖啡。这样的会面,唤起了几代人共同生活细节,在怀俄明,个体的历史基本构成了大众的知识。


[O] Because ranch work is a physical and, these days, economic strain, being “at home on the range” is a matter of vigor, self-reliance, and common sense. A person’s life is not a series of dramatic events for which he or she is applauded or exiled but a slow accumulation of days, seasons, years, fleshed out by the generational weight of one’s family and anchored by a land-bound sense of place. 

[C] 因为牧场工作是体力活,现在也有经济压力,所以“在牧场上家”的人需要有活力、自立和常识。一个人的生活不是一系列戏剧性的事件,既不会为此受到喝彩,也不会因此被放逐,而是日子、季节、年头的缓慢积累,由家族的代际重量充实,并由一种与土地相连的地方感锚定。

[S] 牧场上都是体力活,现今放牧也有经济压力,所以“以牧场为家”的人需要充满活力,能自持,有常识。人生并不是一连串戏剧性事件,没有掌声,不遭驱逐,而是日出月落、春来秋去、年年岁岁的缓慢累积,充盈着家族的传承,锚定着土地,连结出感情。




译后评述

放弃对译,把握意向

"... the plains are really valleys, great arid valleys, sixteen hundred square miles, with the horizon bending up on all sides, into mountain ranges. This gives the vastness a sheltering look."

这里的原文挺优美,用了很多比喻,但也参杂着一些地质学的科学名词。如果追求对译,则可能会显得奇怪。例如mesa是平顶山,但后文又提到flat on top,如果都译出来则显得重复。所以我选择将原文打散,而将主要意向都涵盖到,选择译成“山体逐级抬升,形成一阶阶红岩地形,百万年来被水冲刷侵蚀成了平顶”。

In the east, where the sheep have started off without me ...

AI的对译翻译成:在东方,羊群已经没有我继续出发

但我放弃这种对译,选择用“远去”一词,暗示我在这,而羊群在那(without me),译成:羊群已经出发远去到了东边。

借助AI给出画面

"... the benchland tilts up in a series of eroded red-earthed mesas, planed flat on top by a million years of water; behind them, a bold line of muscular scarps rears up ten thousand feet to become the Big Horn Mountains. A tidal pattern is engraved into the ground, as if left by the sea that once covered this state. Canyons curve down like galaxies to meet the oncoming rush of flat land."

本文的题图,就是将上边描述的文字丢进AI后生成的图片。辅助译者想象,直观看到作者描述的情景到底是怎样的。

借助AI进行背景知识的补充

缺少对美国地理的了解,很可能在这里会犯迷糊。文中的Great Plains是范围超大的一片,Wyoming虽然名字的意思是“大平原”,但其实本身并不是那么平原。所以Great Plains和Wyoming(的大部分)应当是对立的关系。例如"In the Great Plains the vistas look like music, like Kyries of grass, but Wyoming seems to be the doing of a mad architect..."一段,是在比较两者。后文提到的“the new mining settlements”,说的也是怀州东部,山谷逐渐平缓与平原交会后(“In the eastern part of the state, which slides down into the Great Plains”)出现的采矿小镇。

借助AI进行情感价值判断,把握作者内心情感及逻辑

1.文中出现了一些对比项,如果能觉察到但把握不准的话,可以把相关的字句丢进AI,让它来解读一下。例如文中两处提到采矿业,其实暗含着褒畜牧贬采矿的情感。所以在翻译fugitive-looking, boomtowns, trailer cities, metal knots on flat land这些词的时候,应当要怀揣着作者这种情感,来处理细微的用词差异。这一情感在“... determined not to be the victims of a mining-dominated future”一句中也有体现。

2. I'm trailing a band of two thousand sheep across a stretch of Wyoming badlands, a fifty-mile trip that takes five days because sheep shade up in hot sun and won’t budge until it’s cool.

五天走五十英里(80公里),作者其实是暗含这走得比较慢的想法,所以后文才给出了为什么走得这么慢得解释。尤其是不进行单位转换时,中文读者可能对距离没有概念,所以我在翻译时,添加了“(竟然)也要”一词,体现出需要后文“解释”的意味:

“……这段五十英里的旅程也要耗时五天,因为羊群会躲避烈日……”

3. One old-time couple I know, whose turn-of-the-century homestead was used by an outlaw gang as a relay station for stolen horses, recall that if you were traveling, desperado or not, any lighted ranch house was a welcome sign.

这里是在说:亮着灯的牧场,会欢迎任何人。前边竟然还提到这对老夫妇的家曾被匪帮占据。那应该需要判读出作者想要传达的,就是当地人太热情淳朴了,就算被匪帮强占过,仍不愿放弃热情好客的传统。或者至少要解读出,这里的人们就是这样好客的,不会提防别人。在翻译时可以选择将这种价值判断体现出来。




異方誌
異/壹方誌,Fremdheit Chorography。 一直身处此地与异方,试图记录此地/非此地的臆想与风土,是为方志。