【Applied Energy 最新原创论文】基于设计日谐波天气条件下的夜间自然通风冷却内部热质量的制冷需求降低研究

(1)    Develop a design framework for nighttime natural cooling of internal thermal mass.

(2)    Optimum thickness for internal thermal mass is between 28 and 45 mm.

(3)    Internal mass with lightweight wall achieves peak cooling load reduction by 35.9 %.

(4)    The belt between Tropic of Cancer and 60°N suitable for using internal thermal mass.

(5)    Annual cooling demand reduction can reach 6.67 kWh/m2 in desert climate zones.

    Cooling demand is steadily increasing across different climate zones due to global warming. A potential solution for cooling demand reduction is applying nighttime natural ventilation to cool internal thermal mass. However, a simplified and accurate modelling framework to assess the technique is still missing. The goal of the study is to build that framework integrated with a validated internal thermal mass model and apply the framework to quantify the cooling demand reduction potential in a space with different thermal mass and envelope configurations and in different climate zones. Results show that using Granite as internal thermal mass is three times more effective than concrete to reduce peak cooling load. Adding too much internal thermal mass can create adverse effects on cooling load reduction. The optimum thickness of internal thermal mass is between 28- and 45-mm. Envelope construction also has an influence on the performance of nighttime cooling. Applying the technique in buildings with lightweight structures reduces peak cooling load by 35.9% more than heavyweight structures. As heavyweight structures delay the release of the daily absorbed heat and cause higher indoor air temperatures at night. The two belts between the Tropic of Cancer and 60 degrees north latitude, and between the Tropic of Capricorn and 45 degrees south latitude are suitable for nighttime natural ventilation of internal thermal mass, achieving the annual cooling demand reduction above 1.25 kWh m-2. In Dessert climate zones, the technique exhibits an extraordinary potential to reduce cooling demand, up to 6.67 kWh m-2 per year.

Keywords

Night cooling 夜间冷却

Passive building technique 被动建筑技术

Energy efficiency 能源效率

Building simulation 建筑模拟

Climate zones 气候分区

Fig. 1. 实验房间及传感器布置位置示意图

Fig. 2. 数学建模框架流程图

Fig. 3. 不同地区天气数据提取方式示意图

Fig. 4. 内部热质量顶部和底部的实验温度以及模拟温度曲线对比图

Fig. 5. (a) 新墨西哥州，陶斯市7月不同材料的峰值冷负荷降低潜力 (b) 材料厚度对白天从室内空气吸收总热量的影响

Fig. 6. (a)不同围护结构下室内空气在日间被吸收和夜间被释放的总热量; (b)不同围护结构下的峰值冷负荷降低量

Figure 7 不同气候区应用夜间自然通风冷却内部热质量的制冷需求量

Figure 8 (a)设计日和以小时变化的天气条件下月度制冷需求降低量对比；(b)新墨西哥州陶斯市不同月份空气被吸收和释放的总热量

Figure 9 在适宜区域与一般区域应用夜间自然通风的室内热质量的最热月干球温度范围和年平均风速对比

Figure 10 陶斯地区不同内部热质量材料的经济性分析

      本研究由新西兰University of Canterbury，天津大学，美国Michigan State University，加拿大Concordia University，广州仲恺农业工程学院和重庆大学的研究人员共同完成。

通信作者简介：

       武文涛，博士，新西兰University of Canterbury高级讲师，研究重点是储能、可再生能源、建筑模拟、暖通空调、CFD 和低碳建筑技术，文章项目受新西兰皇家学会资助。在丹麦奥胡斯大学获得工程学博士学位，分别曾在哈佛大学，苏黎世联邦理工学院担任博士后研究员。在加入 UC 之前，他是田纳西州立大学土木与建筑工程系的助理教授。他在田纳西州立大学的第一年就获得了 5 项资助（美国国家科学基金会、DHUD、DOE）。在Applied energy，Applied Thermal Engineering，Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，Journal of Cleaner Production，Building and Environment等期刊上发表论文超过40篇，并多次受邀报告。

第一作者简介：

        李明曈，新西兰University of Canterbury 土木与自然资源工程学院博士研究生，主要从事建筑能源模拟，建筑室内热质量和短期储能研究。

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