关于A320飞机虚假的单发问题

职场   2024-11-26 19:36   四川  
关于A320飞机虚假的单发问题
About the False  Engine Out (EO) on the A320 Aircraft

  飞机触发ENGINE OUT的情况,具体现象一般为:在MCDU性能页面跳出EO CLR琥珀色信息,相应高度上无法自动增速,发动机各参数均正常,后续断开自动油门或自动恢复正常。
  When the aircraft triggers ENGINE OUT, the specific phenomenon is generally: the EO CLR amber information appears on the MCDU performance page, the corresponding height cannot be automatically increased, all engine parameters are normal, and then the auto throttle is disconnected or automatically restored to normal.
原理分析
Principle analysis
飞行管理系统垂直功能-EO
FMS Vertial function- Engine Out (EO)
(1)激活
Activation
 系统通过接收到的FADEC的各种信号自动检测单发情况。当发动机退出模式激活时,MCDU显示将恢复到临时F-PLN页面,以便启用或删除EOSID程序(如果A/C在导流点之前)或显示飞行阶段PERF页面(如果A/C在导流点之后)。MCDU PERF页面上的任何预选速度、任何时间限制和任何预先计划的插入F-PLN的步骤都将被删除,任何步骤都不能插入。当发动机输出模式是活跃的,发动机输出的最大高度计算(EO MAX ALT),并显示在进度页(代替REC MAX ALT)。
  The system detects automatically an engine out situation from various signals received from the FADECs.  When Engine Out mode is active, then the MCDU display reverts either to temporary F-PLN page in order to enable or erase the EOSID procedure (if the A/C is before the diversion point) or to present flight phase PERF page (if the A/C is after the diversion point).  Any preselected speed on the MCDU PERF pages, any time constraint and any pre-planned step inserted in F-PLN are deleted and none can be inserted.  When the Engine Out mode is active, the Engine Out maximum altitude is computed (EO MAX ALT) and displayed on the Progress page (in place of REC MAX ALT).

(2)De-activation
退出ENGINE OUT模式的第一种方法是手动选择活动PERF页面上的EO CLR提示符。另一种方法是在发动机完全恢复检测时自动检测。
 The first way to exit the ENGINE OUT mode is a manual selection of the EO CLR prompt on the active PERF page. The other way is an automatic one at full engine recovery detection.
(3) CLIMB或CRZ阶段(A/C低于EO Max Alt)-引导
CLIMB or CRZ phase (and A/C below EO Max Alt)-Guidance
MCT信息由FG在PFD上显示。
The MCT message is displayed on PFD by the FG.
当飞机设置为速度管理控制模式时,速度目标如下:
If A/C is in speed Management Control mode, the speed target is as follows:
-A/C在ALT或ALT ACQ模式下:

当水平段高度限制在EO MAX ALT时,等于EO CRZ SPD。但如果在发动机出机检测时,A/C速度高于EO CRZ速度,则速度目标从当前速度下降到EO CRZ速度,速度为- 1 kt/sec;这是为了避免推力减小太大。

-A/C in ALT or ALT ACQ mode:

It is equal to EO CRZ SPD computed with the altitude of the level segment limited to EO MAX ALT. But if at engine out detection the A/C speed is above EO CRZ speed, the speed target is ramped down from current speed to EO CRZ speed at - 1 kt/sec ; this is to avoid a too hard thrust reduction.

-A/C 不在ALT或ALT ACQ模式:

它等于GREENDOT限制的速度包络。但如果在单发检测时,A/C速度高于GREENDOT,则速度目标以等于(V/ t) = (- 1 kt/s)的速率下降到GREENDOT。

-A/C not in ALT or ALT ACQ mode:

It is equal to GREENDOT limited to speed envelope. But if at engine out detection, A/C speed is above GREENDOT, the speed target is ramped down to GREENDOT with a rate equal to (Delta V/Delta t) = (- 1 kt/s).


(4)下降或进近阶段

Descent or Approach phase

预测

Predictions

 除无效的替代预测外,预测的计算假设与全发动机运行的假设相同。当发生单发时,使用适用于单发条件的成本指数重新计算预测。

 Predictions are computed with the same assumptions as for all-engine operations, except for alternate predictions which are invalid. When an Engine Out occurs, predictions are recomputed using the applicable cost index for engine out condition.


FCOM中 EO的描述

Description of EO in FCOM

单发状态:

Engine out condition:

 FMGS认为飞机处于发动机熄火状态,在起飞或飞行阶段,当下列条件之一适用:

 The FMGS considers the aircraft to be in an engine-out condition, during takeoff or in flight phase when one of the following conditions is applicable:

-CFM发动机关闭一个发动机主电门开关,IAE或PW发动机关闭一个发动机。

- N2低于怠速,或

‐一个推力杆角度低于5°,另一个高于22°,或

‐FADEC显示发动机故障。


-One engine master lever is off for CFM engines, one engine is shut down for IAE or PW engines,

or

‐ N2 below idle, or

‐ One thrust lever angle is below 5 ° with the other above 22 °, or

‐ The FADEC shows an engine fault.


单发SID

Engine out SID


 在数据库中定义的发动机离场标准仪表离场(EOSID)总是针对特定跑道。它显示在跑道的SID页面的底部,可以手动选择它。

 An engine-out standard instrument departure (EOSID), when defined in the database, is always for a specific runway. It is indicated on the bottom line of the SID page for that runway, and you can select it manually.

飞行员可以通过在导航显示(黄色实线)上选择PLAN模式,或者在SID页面上选择PLAN模式来检查SID。在后一种情况下,导航显示将SID显示为临时飞行计划。

 The pilot can review the SID either by selecting the PLAN mode on the navigation display (solid yellow line), or by selecting it on the SID page.  In the latter case, the navigation display shows the SID as a temporary flight plan.
SID和引擎输出SID共有的最后一个点(如果有的话)称为转移点(DP)。
The last point, if any, that is common to both the SID and engine-out SID is called the diversion point (DP).
注意:当特定跑道存在多个EOSID时,FMS仅在发动机熄灯的情况下按字母顺序考虑第一个EOSID,无论先前选择的EOSID是什么。
 Note: When several EOSID exist for a specific runway, the FMS only considers the first EOSID in alphabetical order in case of engine-out, whatever the EOSID previously selected.
单发在爬升阶段(加速度高度以上)
单发在巡航阶段
单发在下降阶段
单发在进近阶段
单发在复飞阶段
虚假的单发指示
程序:
如果探测到虚假的单发指示:
按压MCDU PERF(性能)页面上的EO CLR提示符,
重新接通之前的垂直模式,
重新进入预选的的速度(如果有),预计不会有其他后果

厂家TR81385832回复情况:

The manufacturer TR81385832 replied to the situation:

对于该故障信息,在后续的故障处理中需要做什么?

  为了确认在再次发生故障时的可用性,我们建议GCR按照AMM TASK22 -96-00-710-001-A对两台发动机进行AFS试验,并按照AMM TASK73-22-00-710-040-A对FADEC系统进行地面操作试验。

 In order to confim the serviceability in case of re-occurrence,we recommend GCR to perform the AFS test according with AMM TASK 22-96-00-710-001-A and the FADEC test on the two engines according with AMM TASK73-22-00-710-040-A Operational Test of the FADEC SYSTEM ont he Ground.


参考资料:

Reference materials:


[1] Airbus AMM, FCOM

[2]关于A320飞机虚假的发动机单发(EO)问题

源自:AMD飞机维修部 Air Macau AMD
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