【致思篇】UTD24/FT50中的供应链与可持续发展

摘要：As suppliers' emissions contribute to a significant portion of the global environmental footprint, achieving supply chain wide carbon neutrality largely depends on suppliers' greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Although suppliers' customers are increasingly signaling their commitment to tackling climate change through environmental disclosure, whether this signal contributes to supplier emissions reduction remains a question. Using signaling theory, this research proposes an emissions-reducing effect of customer base environmental disclosure on a supplier's GHG emissions level. Using a 2010–2017 panel dataset from multiple sources, we find empirical evidence supporting the upstream emissions-reducing effect of customer base environmental disclosure. Further, we identify two customer-base characteristics that affect this relationship: customer base climate innovation and competition. These findings contribute to the sustainable supply chain management literature by illustrating the effects of the customer base on supplier emissions performance. Specifically, customers could motivate a supplier's engagement in emissions reduction by collectively signaling their environmental commitment through enhanced disclosure. However, the effectiveness of this signaling effect can be contingent on the green innovation and competitive dynamics of the customer base.

供应商的排放占全球环境足迹的很大一部分，实现供应链的碳中和在很大程度上取决于供应商的温室气体 (GHG) 减排。尽管越来越多的下游客户通过环境披露来表明他们致力于应对气候变化，但这些披露信号是否会有效激励上游供应商减排仍未有定论。基于信号理论，本文提出了一种温室气体减排效应，即客户环境披露会促使其供应商降低温室气体排放水平。使用2010至2017年间多种来源的数据，我们发现了支撑客户环境披露促使供应商减排的实证证据。此外，我们识别了两个影响这种关系的客户特征：气候创新和市场竞争。这些结果展示了客户对供应商排放绩效的影响，丰富了可持续供应链管理的相关文献。客户通过加强披露表明他们的环境承诺，从而激励供应商参与减排。然而，这种信号效应的有效性可能受到客户群的绿色创新和竞争动态的影响。

https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1272

摘要：Climate change is a major global risk and a key driver for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Yet, firms’ internal emissions reduction may create a leakage leading to higher emissions in the supply chain. The related literature suggests that the pollution-haven hypothesis explains such emissions leakage. In contrast, we explore an alternative reason for supply chain leakage, which is related to optimization of supply chain activities and supply chain innovation. Based on panel data from Bloomberg Environmental, Social, and Governance and Bloomberg Supply Chain, we estimate our models at a dyadic (i.e., firm and supplier) level using two-way cluster-robust standard error, treating various sources of endogeneity. We find empirical evidence of a supply chain leakage effect—a higher level of a supplier's emissions is associated with a lower level of a firm's internal emissions. More importantly, the supplier's innovation can be a major reason behind the leakage; the supply chain leakage effect is stronger when a supplier is more innovative. Furthermore, the role of innovation is strengthened when a supplier invests in eco-innovation and has technological capabilities similar to those of the focal firm. Our findings suggest that supply chain leakage may not be completely driven by the pollution-haven effect, but instead is associated with supply chain optimization and innovation that may be beneficial in the long run.

气候变化是全球面临的主要风险和温室气体减排的关键驱动因素。然而，企业内部减排可能会导致供应链上其他环节的排放量增加，即排放泄漏。相关文献表明，污染天堂假说可以解释这种排放泄漏。在此基础上，我们探讨了供应链泄露的另一成因，即供应链活动的优化和创新。基于彭博ESG以及彭博供应链的面板数据，我们使用双向聚类稳健标准误在企业和供应商层面估计，并处理多种内生性问题。我们发现了供应链泄漏效应的实证证据——供应商的排放量越高，企业的内部排放量越低。更重要的是，供应商的创新可能是泄漏的主要原因；当供应商更具创新性时，供应链泄漏效应就更加显著。此外，当供应商投资于生态创新，并拥有与焦点企业相似的技术能力时，创新的作用会进一步加强。我们的研究结果表明，供应链泄漏可能不仅由污染天堂效应驱动，还与供应链优化和创新有关，这些因素在长期内是有益的。

https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13904