工作与家庭的平衡——基于教育准入视角的流动人口性别分工
文摘
财经
2025-01-10 09:40
上海
工作与家庭的平衡——基于教育准入视角的流动人口性别分工
Work-Family Balance: Gender Division of Migrants Based on Education Access
《财经研究》2024年50卷第11期 页码：155-168，封三 online：2024年11月3日
中：龚钰涵 , 张锦华
英：Gong Yuhan, Zhang Jinhua
作者单位：上海财经大学 财经研究所，上海 200433
摘要：调整城市多层级教育准入政策不仅直接提高随迁子女在流入地的教育公平程度，而且成为影响流动人口劳动分工和家庭福利的重要因素。文章通过匹配2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据和地级市宏观数据，采用队列双重差分模型，系统评估了“教育控人”政策对流动人口劳动时间配置和家庭性别分工的影响。研究发现：“教育控人”政策会显著增加流动人口的劳动时间，并且这种效应表现出一定程度的性别差异，其强化了“男主外、女主内”的性别分工模式。“教育控人”政策主要通过增加子女教育支出和迫使父母返乡照料两个渠道来影响流动人口的劳动时间配置，而子女教育竞争和父母职业特征均会对“教育控人”政策强化家庭性别分工的效应产生异质性影响。另外，教育准入政策会影响劳动时间配置，从而进一步影响家庭及其成员的福利水平。文章以优化子女教育准入政策为着力点，为流动人口平衡工作和家庭的关系，从而为促进社会公平发展提供了重要的政策启示。
关键词：教育准入；性别分工；教育支出；迁移模式；家庭福利
Summary: With the deepening of reform and opening up, the scale of migrants between inter-regions and urban-rural has been expanding rapidly. The production activities of migrants cannot be separated from the input of time factors, where the labor time allocation and family gender division are related to the realization of the utility maximization. Meanwhile, the decision on the labor time allocation within a family is subject to multiple constraints of the external environment. Under the background of migrant and left-behind children brought by the continuous growth of migrants, education access not only directly promotes the educational equity of migrant children, but also becomes an important factor affecting the labor division and family welfare of migrants. Focused on the urban education access, this paper employs the Cohort DID model to systematically assess the impact of education access policy on labor time allocation and family gender division of migrants, and deeply explore its specific mechanism and heterogeneity. The study finds that: First, the education control policy will significantly increase the work and housework time of migrants, and the effect shows a certain degree of gender difference. Second, increasing education expenditure of children and changing migration patterns of parents are the mechanisms underlying this time allocation effect of education control policy, and its effect channels in families with different numbers of school-age children are different. Third, the differences in children’s educational competition and parents’ occupational characteristic have a heterogeneous impact on the effect of education control policy to strengthen the gender division of migrants’ family, and this effect will further affect the family welfare of migrants. This paper provides the following policy implications: First, the deepest problem in the education access policy is the household registration system, and allowing migrants to access to public services equally is an important way to achieve the goal of education equity and education power. Second, the implementation of the permanent residence registration system to provide basic public services can promote the reasonable and orderly flow of population and build equal social gender awareness and culture. Third, in the context of the adjustment of birth policy, governments need to improve labor and employment security measures, increase market-oriented child care resources, and promote the work flexibility system, so as to fundamentally solve the potential contradiction between family responsibility and employment behavior of migrants.
Key words: education access; gender division; education expenditure; migration patterns; family welfare
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20240819.402
收稿日期：2024-03-13
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（72173080）；上海市教育委员会科研创新重大项目（2023SKZD13）；国家社会科学基金重大项目（23&ZD118）；上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目（CXJJ-2023-437）
