【COP29】延期第二天：大会凌晨4点闭幕；发达国家承诺2035年出资增加500亿美元；主席国的会议成果总结；现场实况部分图片

文摘 2024-11-24 10:06 北京

【中文为自动翻译，仅供参考，以英文原文为准】

2024年11月24日

巴库的突破带来了 1.3万亿美元的“巴库金融目标”

巴库金融目标设定了新的全球目标，即到 2035 年向发展中国家提供 1.3 万亿美元的气候资金。这包括 3000 亿美元的新核心资金目标，是之前 1000 亿美元目标的三倍。
在阿塞拜疆担任 COP29 主席国领导的密集多边外交一年之后，巴库金融目标和联合国碳市场的突破超出了预期。
在阿塞拜疆举行的“金融缔约方大会”（“Finance COP”）标志着《巴黎协定》后第一个十年的结束，朝着实现气候目标迈出了未来十年的一大步。
COP29 主席穆赫塔尔·巴巴耶夫：“巴库金融目标代表了我们能达成的最佳协议。在地缘政治分裂的一年里，人们怀疑阿塞拜疆能否兑现承诺。他们怀疑每个人都能同意。他们在这两点上都错了。

11 月 24 日，巴库：COP29 主席国阿塞拜疆今天宣布达成巴库金融目标（BFG）协议，这是一项每年向发展中国家提供 1.3 万亿美元气候融资的新承诺。作为 COP29 主席国在联合国气候峰会上的首要任务，取得成功意味着比之前的 1000 亿美元气候融资目标有了重大提升，并将掀起新一轮的全球投资浪潮。

巴库金融目标包含发达国家的核心目标，即到 2035 年带头每年为发展中国家筹集至少 3000 亿美元。这比之前的草案文本增加了 500 亿美元，是 COP29 主席国 48 小时密集外交的产物。它特别考虑了支持最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家，并规定了可访问性和透明度。

与此同时，COP29 结束了长达十年的等待，等待联合国关于高度完整碳市场的第 6 条谈判结束。到 2050 年，来自合规碳市场的资金流量可能达到每年 1 万亿美元。它们还有可能每年将实施国家气候计划的成本降低 2500 亿美元。当巴库金融目标和第 6 条相结合时，通过将投资转向发展中国家，将永远改变全球气候融资架构。

巴库金融目标是一揽子协议的核心，这些协议在所有气候支柱方面都取得了进展。这包括启动和运行损失和损害基金，并准备在 2025 年分配资金。

这些突破是在阿塞拜疆轮值主席国数月的密集外交之后取得的，以完成多边气候行动中一些最复杂和最具争议的任务。它们标志着在制定实现 1.5 摄氏度目标的方法方面迈出了关键一步。

COP29 主席穆赫塔尔·巴巴耶夫（Mukhtar Babayev）说：“当全世界来到巴库时，人们怀疑阿塞拜疆能否兑现承诺。他们怀疑每个人都能同意。他们在这两点上都错了。凭借这一突破，巴库金融目标将在未来十年内将数十亿变成数万亿。我们确保发展中国家的核心气候融资目标每年增加两倍。

“巴库金融目标代表了我们能达成的最好的协议，我们已经尽可能地推动捐助国走得更远。我们永远改变了全球金融架构，并朝着提供实现 1.5 摄氏度的途径迈出了重要一步。未来的岁月不会一帆风顺。科学表明，挑战只会越来越大。我们的合作能力将受到考验。巴库突破将帮助我们度过即将到来的风暴。

巴库金融目标的成功达成是 COP29 主席团取得和确保的一系列成就的一部分，如附件 1 所示。

附件 1：COP29 成就

在提供平衡的谈判优先事项一揽子计划的同时，COP29 主席国的行动议程呼吁更广泛的利益相关者群体为全球气候行动做出贡献。

行动议程倡议直面一些最紧迫的问题，揭示被遗忘的优先事项，根据东道国的经验和观点提供独特的解决方案，并加强一致性和 COP 之间的连续性。这些举措是在与所有利益相关者协商后，在包容性和透明的过程中设计的。它们有助于补充现有举措，并为气候挑战带来新的、创造性的方法。

这些倡议将共同支持实施雄心勃勃的气候行动。

巴库气候融资、投资和贸易倡议（BICFIT）对话：COP29 主席国将联合国机构、国际组织、多边开发银行、多边气候基金、私营部门、民间社会、主要联盟和其他利益相关者以及 COP 主席国和缔约方聚集在一起，以确保金融、投资和贸易仍然是气候议程的核心。宣布成立新的巴库中小企业绿色转型气候联盟。

能源承诺和宣言：COP29 主席国发布了关于储能、电网、区域、走廊和氢能的承诺和宣言，并得到了 150 个缔约方的认可。

COP29 绿色数字行动宣言：超过 75 个政府和 1,100 多名数字技术社区成员签署了使用数字工具减少排放和增强气候适应能力的宣言。

巴库人类发展促进气候适应力倡议：8 个联合国机构、3 个多边开发银行和 3 个气候基金联合发表声明，通过了《巴库人类发展促进气候适应力指导原则》，并建立了巴库 COP 主席国气候与健康连续性联盟。

气候与健康连续性联盟：五届 COP 主席国（COP26 至 COP30）与世卫组织总干事一起，通过引入巴库 COP 主席国气候与健康连续性联盟，将健康纳入气候议程，并倡导将健康作为未来 COP 会议的核心内容。

减少有机废物中的甲烷宣言：50 多个国家/地区（包括世界 10 大有机废物甲烷排放国中的 8 个，占全球有机废物甲烷排放量的 51%）批准了该宣言，承诺在未来 NDC 中实现减少有机废物中甲烷的部门目标，这将有助于实施全球甲烷承诺。

Baku Harmoniya Climate Initiative for Farmers：一个汇集了粮食和农业领域现有气候倡议的分散景观的平台，以便更容易为农民找到支持并促进获得资金。

COP29 MAP Declaration for Resilient and Healthy Cities：汇集了联合国机构和 IGO、MDB、MCF、慈善组织、双边捐助者和执行机构，在城市气候融资方面建立伙伴关系和协作，有 160 多个支持者，包括 40 多个缔约方，打算在城市地区制定气候行动和规划的多部门方法。发起巴库城市气候行动连续性联盟（Baku Continuity Coalition for Urban Climate Action），该联盟采用多部门和多层次的方法，确保缔约方大会、联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）和联合国人居署（UN Habitat）城市进程之间的连续性和连贯性。

COP29 关于加强旅游业行动的宣言：承诺 60 多个政府支持者通过减少排放和提高该行业的复原力来促进可持续旅游实践——最终将旅游业定位为气候解决方案的关键组成部分。

COP29 关于水促进气候行动的宣言：该宣言得到了来自 50 多个国家的支持者，将采取综合方法来应对气候变化对流域和水相关生态系统的原因和影响。它倡导将与水相关的缓解和适应措施纳入国家气候政策，包括 NDC 和 NAP。

在两周的时间里取得了重大进展

除了行动议程倡议外，COP29 主席国还在雄心勃勃的气候行动的几个优先领域取得了进展。这包括提高透明度和确保损失和损害的资金。除了主席国主导的倡议外，各缔约方和其他利益攸关方还挺身而出，以自己的承诺展现了领导力。

COP29 主席国通过启动巴库透明度平台并呼吁缔约方尽早提交，从而高度强调了透明度和两年期透明度报告（BTR）的重要性，从而在 12 月 31 日截止日期之前提交了 11 个缔约方和欧盟。以身作则，主席国也提交了自己的 BTR。

缔约方继续朝着实施第 6 条的目标取得进展，该条款将把资源引导到发展中国家，并降低实施国家气候计划的成本。他们就可信和透明的碳市场第 6.4 条标准达成共识，并结束了第 6.8 条的谈判，该条款通过非市场方式促进国际合作，以实施国家气候计划和促进可持续发展。

在世界领导人气候行动峰会期间，80 位国家元首、政府首脑和副总统发表了正式声明，介绍了他们如何推进《巴黎协定》并致力于气候行动，并指出了提高减缓和适应雄心的必要性。
多边开发银行（MDB）宣布，到 2030 年，它们对气候行动的贡献预计为每年 1700 亿美元，其中低收入和中等收入国家为 1200美元。
通过获得捐助协议和承诺，以及与菲律宾签署东道国协议以及与世界银行签署托管和受托人协议，将应对损失和损害基金定位为 2025 年分配资金做好准备。COP29 期间做出的最大贡献来自澳大利亚和瑞典。迄今为止，对损失和损害基金的认捐总额已超过 7.3 亿美元。

包括美国、中国、欧盟、阿联酋、英国、巴西、加拿大和尼日利亚在内的国家齐聚一堂，宣布了旨在减少有机废物中甲烷的政策。

确保小岛屿发展中国家（SIDS）在整个会议期间的参与，为它们创造机会提出关键优先事项和关切，例如气候资金的可及性。

来自70多个国家的1000多名私人和慈善领袖齐聚商业投资和慈善气候平台（BIPCP），资产超过10万亿美元的投资者团体联合起来，将私人资本部署到气候市场。

在金融、投资和贸易日，对气候融资项目和倡议的承诺总额为 73 亿美元，其中最大的支持来自亚洲开发银行（35 亿美元）、阿塞拜疆银行业（12 亿美元）、瑞典（7.6 亿美元）和加拿大（加拿大政府提供 15 亿美元，慈善机构提供 2.9 亿美元）对应对冰川融化影响的投资。绿色分类法和气候行动。

发展金融机构承诺支持新兴市场和发展中国家的 10吉瓦 Lighthouse Initiative 可再生氢项目。

超过 50 家航运业参与者同意到 2030 年加速实现零排放和接近零排放的燃料，相当于至少 500 万吨绿色氢能。

作为用于各种清洁能源计划的 1.93 亿美元一揽子计划的一部分，英国支持撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和印太地区的 1000 万人摆脱煤炭和木材烹饪的清洁烹饪。

标志着合作与和平对全球气候行动不可或缺的作用——COP 休战呼吁获得了 132 个国家和 1,200+ 组织的支持，以及正在通过的巴库气候行动呼吁，该倡议将启动巴库气候与和平行动中心，以应对气候变化的紧迫关系，冲突和人道主义需求。

德国承诺提供 6510 万美元，爱尔兰承诺提供 1300 万美元，对适应基金的捐款达到 1.33 亿美元。

气候投资基金增加，从美国（3.25 亿美元）、德国（2.2 亿美元）和英国（2.11 亿美元）筹集了额外的捐款。

25 个国家和欧盟表示，他们打算提出国家气候计划，这些计划在其能源系统中不反映新的未减排的煤炭，并呼吁其他国家也这样做。

墨西哥宣布承诺到 2050 年实现净零排放，这意味着所有 G20 成员都已承诺实现净零排放目标。

当地社区和土著人民：建立了地方社区和土著人民平台的巴库工作计划。

英国政府承诺提供 2.39 亿英镑（2.99 亿美元）：英国政府已承诺提供超过 2.99 亿美元来解决森林砍伐问题，包括支持发展高度完整的森林碳市场、为可持续林业企业提供混合融资以及为《联合国气候变化框架公约》帮助各国保护森林的资金。

COP29继续：加时一如既往，数字难平众议

COP29落幕倒计时：哥本哈根“阴影”若隐若现

COP29气氛紧张，各国仍未就融资问题达成一致

【COP29】部分国家提交两年期透明度报告（BTR），标志着强化透明度框架（ETF）开始实施

【COP29】联合新闻稿：与 1.5°C 雄心目标兼容的朝向净零排放的国家自主贡献

【COP29】占全球有机废弃物甲烷排放量近 50% 的国家承诺减少该行业的排放

【COP29】大会主席国谈两年期透明度报告提交情况

【COP29】第五天的重点是能源与和平；第四天是金融、投资与贸易

【COP29】丁薛祥：2016年以来中国提供并动员项目资金超过1770亿元人民币支持发展中国家应对气候变化

气候资金博弈：中国是否将承担更多全球责任？

【COP29】中国政府的基本立场和主张

【COP29】美国气候特使：美国大选结果令气候人士失望，但美国是一个民主国家，人民的意愿占上风

【COP28】约翰·克里在闭幕之际向新闻界发表的讲话

【COP28】联合国系统关于大会成果的声明

【COP28】欧盟委员会关于大会成果的声明

【COP28】美国总统关于大会成果的声明

【COP28】部分组织对大会成果的评价

【COP28】首次全球盘点的成果

生态环境部谈联合国气候大会COP26

英国首相谈COP26成果

COP26观察：半杯满还是半杯空？

The Baku Finance Goal sets new global target to channel $1.3tn of climate finance to developing countries by 2035 in significant uplift. This includes a new core finance goal of $300bn that triples the previous $100bn target.
Breakthroughs on the Baku Finance Goal and UN carbon markets defy expectations following year of intensive multilateral diplomacy led by Azerbaijani COP29 Presidency.
“Finance COP” in Azerbaijan marks end of the first decade after the Paris Agreement by taking huge step towards reaching climate goals over the next ten years.
COP29 President Mukhtar Babayev: “The Baku Finance Goal represents the best possible deal we could reach. In a year of geopolitical fragmentation, people doubted that Azerbaijan could deliver. They doubted that everyone could agree. They were wrong on both counts.”

November 24, Baku: The COP29 Presidency of Azerbaijan today announced the agreement of the Baku Finance Goal (BFG), a new commitment to channel $1.3tn of climate finance to the developing world each year. Success on the COP29 Presidency’s top priority for the UN Climate Summit represents a significant uplift from the previous climate finance goal of $100 billion and will unlock a new wave of global investment.

The Baku Finance Goal contains a core target for developed countries to take the lead on mobilizing at least $300 billion per year for developing countries by 2035. This represents a $50bn increase on the previous draft text, and is the product of 48 hours of intensive diplomacy by the COP29 Presidency. It pays special consideration to support the least developed countries and small island developing states, with provisions on accessibility and transparency.

Alongside this, COP29 ended the decade-long wait for the conclusion of Article 6 negotiations on high integrity carbon markets under the UN. Financial flows from compliant carbon markets could reach $1 trillion per year by 2050. They also have the potential to reduce the cost of implementing national climate plans by $250 billion per year. When combined, the Baku Finance Goal and Article 6 will forever change the global climate finance architecture by redirecting investment to the developing world.

The Baku Finance Goal is the centrepiece of a package of agreements that deliver progress across all climate pillars. This includes getting the Fund for Loss and Damage up and running and ready to distribute money in 2025.

These breakthroughs follow months of intensive diplomacy by the Azerbaijani Presidency to deliver some of the most complex and controversial tasks in multilateral climate action. They mark a critical step in putting in place the means to deliver a pathway to 1.5C.

COP29 President Mukhtar Babayev said, “When the world came to Baku, people doubted that Azerbaijan could deliver. They doubted that everyone could agree. They were wrong on both counts. With this breakthrough, the Baku Finance Goal will turn billions into trillions over the next decade. We have secured a trebling of the core climate finance target for developing countries each year.”

“The Baku Finance Goal represents the best possible deal we could reach, and we have pushed the donor countries as far as possible. We have forever changed the global financial architecture and taken a significant step towards delivering the means to deliver a pathway to 1.5C. The years ahead will not be easy. The science shows that the challenges will only grow. Our ability to work together will be tested. The Baku Breakthrough will help us weather the coming storms.”

The successful agreement of the Baku Finance Goal comes as part of a series of achievements that the COP29 Presidency delivered and secured, as in Annex 1.

Annex 1: COP29 achievements

Parallel to delivering a balanced package of negotiated priorities, the COP29 Presidency’s Action Agenda called on a wider group of stakeholders to contribute to global climate action.

The Action Agenda Initiatives confront some of the most pressing problems, shine a light on forgotten priorities, offer unique solutions based on the experiences and perspective of the host, and reinforce coherence and COP-to-COP continuity. These Initiatives were designed in an inclusive and transparent process in consultation with all stakeholders. They serve to complement existing initiatives and bring new, creative approaches to climate challenges.

Together, these Initiatives will support the implementation of ambitious climate action.

Baku Initiative for Climate Finance, Investment and Trade (BICFIT) Dialogue: The COP29 Presidency brought UN agencies, international organisations, multilateral development banks, multilateral climate funds, the private sector, civil society, key coalition, and other stakeholders, alongside COP Presidencies and Parties together to ensure that finance, investment and trade remain at the centre of the climate agenda. Announced the new Baku Climate Coalition for SMEs Green Transition.

Energy pledges and declarations: The COP29 Presidency launched its pledges and declarations on energy storage, grids, zones, corridors and hydrogen, which were endorsed by 150 Parties.

COP29 Declaration on Green Digital Action: More than 75 governments and over 1,100 members of the digital tech community endorsed the declaration to use digital tools to reduce emissions and strengthen climate resilience.

Baku Initiative on Human Development for Climate Resilience: A joint statement among 8 UN agencies, 3 MDBs and 3 climate funds, saw the adoption of the Baku Guiding Principles on Human Development for Climate Resilience and established the Baku COP Presidencies Continuity Coalition for Climate and Health.

Climate and Health Continuity Coalition: Five COP Presidencies (COP26 to COP30), alongside the WHO Director-General, embedded health into the climate agenda—and advocated for health to be a core feature of future COP conferences—by introducing the Baku COP Presidencies Continuity Coalition for Climate and Health.

Reducing Methane from Organic Waste Declaration: Over 50 countries—including 8 of the world’s 10 largest organic waste methane emitters and representing 51% of global methane emissions from organic waste—endorsed the declaration committing to sectoral targets to reduce methane from organic waste within future NDC, which will contribute to the implementation of the Global Methane Pledge.

Baku Harmoniya Climate Initiative for Farmers: A platform that brings together the dispersed landscape of existing climate initiatives in the field of food and agriculture, in order to make support for farmers easier to find and to facilitate access to finance.

COP29 MAP Declaration for Resilient and Healthy Cities: Brings together UN agencies and IGOs, MDBs, MCFs, philanthropic organisations, bilateral donors and implementing agencies for partnership and collaboration on urban climate finance, with over 160 endorsers, including more than 40 Parties, intending to work on multisectoral approaches to climate action and planning in urban areas. Launched Baku Continuity Coalition for Urban Climate Action, which takes a multisectoral and multilevel approach to continuity and coherence between COP, UNFCCC and UN Habitat urban processes.

COP29 Declaration on Enhanced Action in Tourism: Commits more than 60 government endorsers to promote sustainable tourism practices by reducing emissions and increasing resilience in the sector—ultimately positioning tourism as a key component of climate solutions.

COP29 Declaration on Water for Climate Action: With endorsers from over 50 countries, this declaration will take an integrated approach to combating the causes and impacts of climate change on water basins and water-related ecosystems. It advocates for the integrations of water-related mitigation and adaptation measures in national climate policies, including NDCs and NAPs.

Significant progress made throughout the course of the two weeks

In addition to its Action Agenda initiatives, the COP29 Presidency made progress in several priority areas for ambitious climate action. This included advancing transparency and securing funding for Loss and Damage. In addition to Presidency-led initiatives, Parties and other stakeholders stepped up and showed leadership with their own commitments.

The COP29 Presidency placed a significant emphasis on the importance of transparency and Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) by launching the Baku Transparency Platform and calling for early submissions from Parties, resulting in 11 Parties plus the European Union submitting before the 31 December deadline. Leading by example, the Presidency also submitted its own BTR.

Parties continued progress towards the goal of operationalizing Article 6, which would direct resources to the developing world and reduce the cost of implementing national climate plans. They reached consensus on Article 6.4 standards for trusted and transparent carbon markets and concluded negotiations on Article 6.8 which facilitates international cooperation through non-market approaches to implementing national climate plans and promoting sustainable development.

During the World Leaders Climate Action Summit, 80 Heads of States, Governments and Vice-Presidents delivered official statements on how they are advancing the Paris Agreement and committing to climate action, addressing the need to raise ambition for mitigation and adaptation.

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) announced projections for their contributions to climate action as $170 billion per year by 2030, with $120 for low- and middle-income countries.

Positioned the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage to be ready to distribute funds in 2025 by securing contributor agreements and pledges as well as signing the host country agreement with the Philippines and hosting and trustee agreements with the World Bank. The largest contributions made during COP29 came from Australia and Sweden. Total pledges to the Fund to date have surpassed $730 million.

Countries—including the US, China, EU, UAE, UK, Brazil, Canada, and Nigeria—came together and announced policies focused on reducing methane from organic waste.

Ensured the participation of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) throughout the conference, creating opportunities for them to raise key priorities and concerns, such as accessibility of climate finance.

Brought together over 1,000 private and philanthropic leaders from more than 70 countries at the Business Investment and Philanthropy Climate Platform (BIPCP) where investor groups with over $10 trillion in assets united to deploy private capital into climate markets.

Pledges to climate finance projects and initiatives totaled $7.3 billion on Finance, Investment and Trade Day, with the largest support coming from the Asian Development Bank ($3.5 billion), the Azerbaijani banking sector ($1.2 billion), Sweden ($760 million) and Canada ($1.5 billion from the Canadian Government and $290 million from philanthropies) on investments in combating impacts of melting glaciers, green taxonomies, and climate action.

Development finance institutions pledged to support the 10GW Lighthouse Initiative for renewable hydrogen projects in emerging markets and developing countries.

Over 50 shipping industry actors agreed to accelerate zero and near-zero emission fuels by 2030, translating to at least 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen.

As part of a $193 million package for various clean energy initiatives, the UK supported clean cooking for 10 million people across Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Indo-Pacific to leave coal and wood cooking behind.

Signified the role of cooperation and peace as indispensable to global climate action—with the COP Truce Appeal garnering support from 132 countries and 1,200+ organizations, as well as the Baku Call on Climate Action for Peace, Relief and Recovery being adopted, an initiative which will launch the Baku Climate and Peace Action Hub to address the urgent nexus of climate change, conflict, and humanitarian needs.

With Germany’s pledge of $65.1 million and Ireland’s pledge of $13 million, contributions to the Adaptation Fund reached $133 million.

Climate Investment Funds increased, collecting additional contributions from the US ($325 million), Germany ($220 million), and the UK ($211 million).

25 countries and the European Union indicated their intentions to put forward national climate plans that reflect no new unabated coal in their energy systems and issued a call to action for others to do the same.

Mexico announced their commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050, meaning all G20 members have committed to a net-zero target.

Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples: Established the Baku Workplan of the Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform.

UK government pledges £239 million ($299 million USD): The UK government has pledged over $299 million to tackle deforestation, including money to support the development of high-integrity forest carbon markets, for blended finance for sustainable forest enterprises, and for the UNFCCC to help countries protect forests.

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