【中文为自动翻译，仅供参考，以英文原文为准】
在巴库举行的 COP29 联合国气候变化大会上，欧盟委员会牵头促成了一项协议，使全球资金流动与《巴黎协定》的目标保持一致。通过采用气候融资新集体量化目标 （NCQG），委员会成功地扩大了气候融资的全球贡献者基础。NCQG 规定更多国家提供资金，反映出其不断增长的排放量和经济影响力。该协议还加强了多边开发银行 （MDB） 的作用，通过吸引和动员大量私人资金，最大限度地发挥公共资金的杠杆和影响力。缔约方同意，到 2035 年，来自所有这些来源的总资金每年至少应达到 1.3 万亿美元。
在这个更广泛的目标中，发达国家承诺到 2035 年每年带头筹集 3000 亿美元用于发展中国家的气候行动。这一核心目标可以通过广泛的来源来实现，包括多边银行筹集的资金，以及首次来自其他国家的贡献。这是欧盟的一项关键要求，旨在确保其他国家在提供和调动资金方面发挥应有的份额，以匹配其财政能力。欧盟或成员国没有分配这笔捐款的份额，如何实现这些目标的决定将由成员国政府和欧盟通过国家预算和 MFF 决定。
欧盟谈判团队还成功敲定了根据《巴黎协定》第 6 条为国际碳市场带来更高环境完整性、透明度和问责制的规则。第 6.4 条下的信用机制将为高质量的碳抵消设定联合国支持的新标准，而记录和跟踪国际转让的新规则将为缔约方之间的双边碳交易带来透明度。这将实现具有成本效益的减排和消除。
在 COP29 期间，欧盟与其他一些雄心勃勃的国家一起宣布打算在明年提出与 1.5 摄氏度保持一致的 NDC，为其他国家树立标杆。为了推动清洁能源转型，委员会和 Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance 宣布建立合作伙伴关系，以摆脱化石燃料。欧盟委员会还与一些伙伴国家、国际组织、非政府组织和开发银行合作，启动了一项新的甲烷减排伙伴关系路线图，以进一步加快减少与化石能源生产和消费相关的甲烷排放。
在 COP29 期间，欧盟在年底截止日期之前发布了其有史以来第一份两年期透明度报告 （BTR）。BTR 的提交是实施《巴黎协定》的一个重要里程碑，正如《巴黎协定》增强透明度框架所概述的那样，加强了全球应对气候变化的问责制和合作。
背景
根据 2015 年《巴黎协定》，194 个国家同意到本世纪末将全球平均气温变化保持在远低于 2°C 并尽可能接近 1.5°C。为此，他们同意提交代表各自减排目标的国家自主贡献 （NDC）。欧盟坚定地致力于《巴黎协定》，并且是气候行动的全球领导者，自 1990 年以来已经将温室气体排放量减少了 37%，同时其经济增长了近 70%。欧盟已经开始为其新的 NDC 做准备，今年早些时候发布了欧盟委员会关于欧洲 2040 年气候目标的通报。欧盟委员会打算提出一项立法提案，将 2040 年的减排目标写入《欧洲气候法》。该目标随后将为提交新的欧盟 NDC 提供信息。
欧盟目前是最大的国际气候融资提供者，2023 年贡献了 286 亿欧元的公共气候融资，并额外动员了 72 亿欧元的私人资金，以支持发展中国家减少温室气体排放并适应气候变化的影响。
随着 2019 年 12 月提出的《欧洲绿色协议》，欧盟承诺到 2050 年实现气候中和。随着 2021 年 7 月《欧洲气候法》的通过和生效，这一目标具有法律约束力。《气候法》还设定了一个中间目标，即到 2030 年将温室气体净排放量比 1990 年的水平减少至少 55%。这一 2030 年目标于 2020 年 12 月作为《巴黎协定》下的欧盟 NDC 传达给 UNFCCC。2021 年，欧盟提出了一揽子立法提案，旨在使其气候、能源、土地使用、交通和税收政策适合到 2030 年将温室气体净排放量减少至少 55%。
2015 年，全世界齐聚一堂敲定了《巴黎协定》，这是世界上几乎每个国家都做出的历史性承诺，旨在应对气候危机并为子孙后代保护地球。在我上任的第一天，我就采取行动，让美国重返该协议，恢复美国的全球气候领导地位，并重新致力于实现国际气候雄心。
从那时起，本届政府利用我国在国内气候行动方面的领导作用，加快全球努力——包括在第26届、第27届和第28届联合国气候变化大会（COP 26、27和28）上——以减少排放、降低能源成本、创造高薪工作、保护生态系统和增强复原力——所有这些都有助于我们的经济增长。
今天在 COP29 上，部分归功于强大的美国代表团的不懈努力，世界就另一个历史性成果达成了协议。在巴库，美国要求各国做出紧急选择：要么让脆弱的社区遭受越来越灾难性的气候灾害，要么挺身而出，让我们所有人走上一条更安全的道路，迈向更美好的未来。
各国共同制定了雄心勃勃的 2035 年国际气候融资目标。它将有助于调动发展中国家加速向清洁、可持续经济过渡所需的资金水平——来自所有来源——同时为美国制造的电动汽车、电池和其他产品开辟新市场。
在未来几年，我们有信心美国将继续开展这项工作：通过我们的州和城市、我们的企业和我们的公民，得到《通货膨胀削减法案》（Inflation Reduction Act）等持久立法的支持，这是历史上对气候和清洁能源的最大投资。虽然有些人可能试图否认或推迟美国和世界各地正在进行的清洁能源革命，但没有人能够逆转它——没有人。
我祝贺缔约方和 COP29 主席国取得这一成果。虽然要实现我们的气候目标，我们仍有大量工作要做，但今天的结果使我们离目标又近了一大步。代表美国人民和子孙后代，我们必须继续加快我们的工作，以保持一个更清洁、更安全、更健康的地球在我们的手中。
【相关阅读】
【COP29】UNFCCC的会议成果总结；执行秘书在会议闭幕时的讲话：新的气候资金目标是人类的保险单
【COP29】延期第二天：大会凌晨4点闭幕；发达国家承诺2035年出资增加500亿美元；主席国的会议成果总结；现场实况部分图片
【COP29】主席国总结：《巴黎协定》第 6 条实现全面实施
【COP29】延期第一天：气候融资目标谈判新版本或决议草案未发布，晚上7点的闭幕大会未开始，是要再延一天还是会无果而终？
【COP29】主席国发表声明，最新气候资金目标谈判文本公布；谈判已进入加时赛阶段
【COP29】部分国家提交两年期透明度报告（BTR），标志着强化透明度框架（ETF）开始实施
【COP29】联合新闻稿：与 1.5°C 雄心目标兼容的朝向净零排放的国家自主贡献
【COP29】占全球有机废弃物甲烷排放量近 50% 的国家承诺减少该行业的排放
【COP29】 第五天的重点是能源与和平；第四天是金融、投资与贸易
【COP29】丁薛祥：2016年以来中国提供并动员项目资金超过1770亿元人民币支持发展中国家应对气候变化
【COP29】美国气候特使：美国大选结果令气候人士失望，但美国是一个民主国家，人民的意愿占上风
At the COP29 UN Climate Change Conference in Baku, the European Commission took the lead in brokering a deal to align global financial flows with the objectives of the Paris Agreement. Through the adoption of a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for Climate Finance, the Commission successfully broadened the global contributor base for climate finance. The NCQG provides for more countries to contribute finance, reflecting their growing emissions and economic weight. The agreement also gives a strengthened role to multilateral development banks (MDBs), maximising the leverage and impact of public funds by drawing in and mobilising significant private finance. Parties agreed that the combined funding from all these sources should reach at least $1.3 trillion per year by 2035.
Within this broader target is a commitment by developed countries to take the lead on mobilising $300 billion per year by 2035 for developing countries' climate action. This core goal can be achieved through a wide range of sources, including finance mobilised by multilateral banks and, for the first time, contributions from other countries. This was a critical EU demand to ensure that other countries do their fair share in providing and mobilising funding, matching their financial capacity. There is no assigned share of this contribution for the EU or Member States, and decisions about how to meet these targets will lie with Member State Governments and the EU, through national budgets and the MFF.
The EU negotiating team also successfully finalised the rules that will bring greater environmental integrity, transparency and accountability to international carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The crediting mechanism under Article 6.4 will set a new UN-backed standard for high-quality carbon offsets, and the new rules for recording and tracking of international transfers will bring transparency to bilateral carbon deals between Parties. This will enable a cost-effective reduction and removal of emissions.
During COP29 the EU joined a group of other ambitious countries in announcing its intention to present a 1.5C-aligned NDC next year, setting the bar for other countries. To drive forward the clean energy transition, the Commission and the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance announced a partnership on the transition away from fossil fuels. The Commission also launched a new Methane Abatement Partnership Roadmap to further accelerate the reduction of methane emissions associated with fossil energy production and consumption, in collaboration with a number of partner countries, international organisations, NGOs and development banks.
During COP29, the EU published its first ever Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), ahead of the end of year deadline. The submission of BTRs is a significant milestone in the implementation of the Paris Agreement, enhancing accountability and collaboration in the global fight against climate change, as outlined under the Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement.
Background
Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, 194 countries agreed to keep average global temperature change well below 2°C and as close as possible to 1.5°C by the end of the century. To do this, they agreed to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) which represent their individual emissions reduction targets. The European Union is firmly committed to the Paris Agreement, and is a global leader in climate action, having already cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 37% since 1990, while growing its economy by almost 70%. The EU has already begun preparations for its new NDC with the publication of the Commission's Communication on Europe's 2040 climate target earlier this year. The Commission intends to present a legislative proposal to enshrine a 90% emission reduction target for 2040 in the European Climate Law. This target will subsequently inform the submission of the new EU NDC.
The EU is currently the largest provider of international climate finance, contributing €28.6 billion in public climate finance in 2023 and mobilising an additional amount of €7.2 billion of private finance to support developing countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
With the European Green Deal presented in December 2019, the EU committed to reaching climate neutrality by 2050. This objective became legally binding with the adoption and entry into force of the European Climate Law, in July 2021. The Climate Law also sets an intermediate target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. This 2030 target was communicated to the UNFCCC in December 2020 as the EU's NDC under the Paris Agreement. In 2021, the EU presented a package of legislative proposals to make its climate, energy, land use, transport and taxation policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030.
In 2015, the world came together to finalize the Paris Agreement, a historic commitment made by nearly every country in the world to address the climate crisis and protect the planet for future generations. On my very first day in office, I took action to return the United States to that agreement, restore America’s global climate leadership, and recommit to international climate ambition.
Since then, my Administration has leveraged our Nation’s leadership on climate action at home to accelerate global efforts – including at COPs 26, 27, and 28 – to reduce emissions, lower energy costs, create good-paying jobs, protect ecosystems, and strengthen resilience – all of which has also helped grow our economy.
Today at COP29, thanks in part to the tireless efforts of a robust US delegation, the world reached agreement on another historic outcome. In Baku, the United States challenged countries to make an urgent choice: either consign vulnerable communities to ever more catastrophic climate disasters, or step up and place all of us on a safer path toward a better future.
Together, countries set an ambitious 2035 international climate finance goal. It will help mobilize the level of finance – from all sources – that developingcountries need to accelerate the transition to clean, sustainable economies, while opening up new markets for American-made electric vehicles, batteries, and other products.
In the years ahead, we are confident that the United States will continue this work: through our states and cities, our businesses, and our citizens, supported by durable legislation like the Inflation Reduction Act, the largest investment in climate and clean energy in history. While some may seek to deny or delay the clean energy revolution that’s underway in America and around the world, nobody can reverse it — nobody.
I congratulate the Parties and the COP29 Presidency on reaching this outcome. While there is still substantial work ahead of us to achieve our climate goals, today’s outcome puts us one significant step closer. On behalf of the American people and future generations, we must continue to accelerate our work to keep a cleaner, safer, healthier planet within our grasp.
