【中文为自动翻译，仅供参考，以英文原文为准】
作为其提高雄心和促进行动的计划的一部分，COP29 主席国正在提供平衡的一揽子成果，其中包括实施全球盘点的明确后续步骤。
今天，主席国与国际能源署 （IEA） 合作，分享了 COP29 的五个关键机会，以展示在 COP28 上确定的能源目标方面取得的积极进展。
确定的 5 个机会是：
扩大储能和电网规模，这是实现本十年可再生能源容量增加两倍并确保实现全部效益的全球目标的关键推动力。
确保各国加快政策实施，以实现到 2030 年能源效率翻倍的目标。
继续专注于减少甲烷和化石燃料的排放。
实施解决方案，促进发展中经济体的清洁能源投资，以支持其转型。
下一轮国家自主贡献应以全球盘点 （GST） 结果为依据。
我们鼓励各国、商界领袖、民间社会、金融机构和国际组织支持这些机会，以便在 COP29 上为所有人实现公正和公平的能源转型取得进展。
主席总结和行动呼吁的全文如下：
COP29 主席国和国际能源署 （IEA） 在《联合国气候变化框架公约》秘书处的支持下，今年召开了一系列高级别能源转型对话，讨论实现公正和公平转型所需的雄心和行动水平，并为 COP29 的能源相关成果做出贡献。这些对话吸引了来自能源行业及其他领域的广泛全球决策者，分享了他们对有助于能源转型和实现 1.5°C 的目标的行动和机遇的看法。
COP28 标志着一项里程碑式的成就，当时缔约方就全球能源部门如何到 2050 年实现净零排放的大纲达成一致，承诺实现雄心勃勃的目标，其中包括摆脱化石燃料、到 2030 年将可再生能源容量增加两倍、能源效率提高一倍，以及加快部署低排放技术，如可再生能源、核能、 减排和去除技术。我们重视利益相关者在这些对话中就如何在 COP29 及以后推进这些能源目标分享的观点。国际能源署 （IEA） 最近的报告《从盘点到采取行动：如何实施 COP28 能源目标》（From Taking Count to Taking Action：How to Implement the COP28 Energy Goals） 为对话提供了重要意见。该报告评估了全面及时实施 COP28 目标对能源系统及其排放意味着什么，并就如何实现这一目标提供了指导。
COP29 主席国阐述了其愿景，重点关注两个平行的支柱——提高雄心和推动行动——以气候融资为重中之重。具体到能源方面，作为 COP29 行动议程的一部分，COP29 主席发起了三项举措，以响应 COP28 上商定的能源目标：COP29 全球储能和电网承诺、COP29 氢能宣言和 COP29 绿色能源区和走廊承诺。我们呼吁各国和其他利益攸关方支持这些倡议。
优先主题和关键机会
COP29-IEA 高级别能源转型对话有助于围绕两个优先主题确定不断变化的国际共识：1） 实施 COP28 商定的能源目标的行动，2） 动员加大能源转型投资的行动，特别是在新兴和发展中经济体。他们还帮助我们确定了 COP29 的五个关键机会，以展示能源转型的积极进展，并将全球气温上升限制在比工业化前水平高 1.5 °C 以内。
1. 扩大储能和电网规模，将其作为实现十年内可再生能源产能增加两倍并确保实现全部效益的全球目标的关键推动力。要实现这一目标，全球储能容量需要到 2030 年增加到 1,500 GW，其中包括 1,200 GW 的电池储能，比现在 （IEA） 增长了近 15 倍。最重要的是，根据国际能源署的数据，我们需要加快许可流程，到 2030 年建造或升级超过 2500 万公里的电网，到 2040 年再增加 6500 万公里。不采取行动将导致电价上涨、煤炭和天然气发电量增加以及可再生能源弃风率增加，从而推高排放。通过签署 COP29 主席国全球储能和电网承诺，我们可以向前迈出关键的一步，与 1.5°C 的过渡路径保持一致。
2. 确保各国加快政策实施，以实现到 2030 年能源效率翻倍的目标。在 COP28 上达成历史性协议一年后，世界尚未走上实现这一能源效率目标的轨道。到 2024 年，全球能源强度将仅略有改善约 1%，与 2023 年相同，是 2010-2019 年期间的一半。加快进展需要跨终端应用部门采取综合政策方法，并采取措施扩大对能源效率的投资并解决技术工人短缺问题。到 2030 年，将全球能源效率提高一倍可以实现约三分之一的减排量，这对于摆脱化石燃料的过渡至关重要，并且可以降低消费者的能源费用。国际能源署 （IEA） 与各国政府比以往任何时候都更紧密地合作，以确保通过精心设计和实施的政策和行动将能源效率放在首位，包括加快发达经济体的电气化和技术效率的提高，提高新兴和发展中经济体的效率标准，以及提供普遍的电力和清洁烹饪。
3. 继续专注于减少甲烷和化石燃料的排放。 发展清洁能源对于降低对化石燃料的需求至关重要，但在一个充满不确定性的世界中，需要明确的政策来加速清洁能源转型。甲烷排放是需要采取额外行动的领域的一个例子。减少这些排放的许多方法是众所周知且具有成本效益的，并且可以建立在全球甲烷承诺和石油和天然气脱碳宪章等倡议的基础上。逐步取消低效的化石燃料补贴，并确保在不再需要化石燃料基础设施时安全、负责任地退役或重新利用化石燃料基础设施，也至关重要。广泛的利益相关者之间的对话与合作将是必不可少的。
4. 实施解决方案，促进发展中经济体的清洁能源投资，以支持其转型。这需要按照《二十国集团增加发展中国家清洁能源投资路线图》的要求，将年度优惠资金从目前的水平增加到两倍，到 2030 年达到 1150 亿美元，并采取有针对性的解决方案来降低资本成本并增加私人资本对清洁能源投资的动员。利用能够建立强大的可融资清洁能源项目管道的机构，以及国际金融机构的快速改革，对于向最需要的地方提供负担得起的资金并确保不让任何人掉队至关重要。
5. 下一轮国家自主贡献应以全球盘点 （GST） 结果为依据。 在 GST 上，缔约方认识到需要根据 1.5 摄氏度路径深入、快速和持续地减少全球温室气体排放，并呼吁以国家决定的方式为第 28 段中列出的全球努力做出贡献，同时考虑到《巴黎协定》及其不同的国情、路径和方法。我们必须实施所有 GST 成果，以使我们走上与 1.5 保持一致且具有气候适应能力的世界的轨道。因此，我们的下一轮 NDC 应以 GST 结果为依据，纳入国家发展战略，并促进投资和支持。这一呼吁可以推动国家自主贡献实现 1.5°C 的温度目标，并将允许全球温室气体排放量比 2019 年的水平到 2030 年和 2035 年分别深入、快速和持续地减少 43% 和 60%，到 2050 年实现二氧化碳净零排放。如果不听从这一呼吁，可能会使全球实现 1.5°C 的努力脱轨。
在巴库举行的 COP29 上，我们必须采取果断和协作的行动，抓住这些机会，确保所有人都能实现公正和公平的能源转型。在 COP29 的世界领导人气候行动峰会上，我们将与国家元首和政府首脑以及其他高级领导人召开能源高级别圆桌会议：推进气候减缓行动，标志着高级别能源转型对话系列的高潮。对于缔约方和利益相关者来说，这将是一个重要的时刻，他们需要思考实现 1.5°C 所需的条件，并宣布可以加速本十年包容性清洁能源转型的新行动。我们鼓励各国、商界领袖、民间社会、金融机构和国际组织在 COP29 上宣布各自为加速能源转型而采取的新实际行动，并分享他们对 COP29、新 NDC 和全球气候行动的雄心壮志。
【相关阅读】
As part of its plan to enhance ambition and enable action, the COP29 presidency is delivering a balanced package of outcomes that includes clear next steps on the implementation of the Global Stocktake.
Today, the Presidency, in partnership with the International Energy Agency (IEA), shared five key opportunities for COP29 to demonstrate positive progress on energy goals identified at COP28.
The five opportunities identified are:
Scale up energy storage and electricity grids as a key enabler to achieving the global goal of tripling renewable energy capacity this decade and ensuring that the full benefits are realised.
Ensure countries accelerate policy implementation to achieve the goal of doubling energy efficiency progress by 2030.
Maintain a focus on cutting emissions from methane and fossil fuels.
Implement solutions to boost clean energy investment in developing economies to support their transitions.
The next round of Nationally Determined Contributions should be informed by the Global Stocktake (GST) outcomes.
We encourage countries, business leaders, civil society, financial institutions and international organisations to support these opportunities to make progress on a just and equitable energy transition for all at COP29.
The following is the full text of the Chair’s Summary and Call to Action:
The COP29 Presidency and the International Energy Agency (IEA), with the support of the UNFCCC Secretariat, have convened a series of High-Level Energy Transition Dialogues this year to discuss the level of ambition and action required to achieve just and equitable transitions, and contribute to energy-related outcomes for COP29. These dialogues have engaged a wide range of global decision makers, from the energy sector and beyond, to share their perspectives on actions and opportunities that can contribute to energy transitions and keep 1.5°C within reach.
COP28 marked a milestone achievement when Parties agreed on an outline for how the global energy sector can reach net-zero emissions by 2050, committing to ambitious targets including, inter alia, transition away from fossil fuels, triple renewable energy capacity by 2030, double energy efficiency improvements, and accelerate the deployment of low-emission technologies such as renewables, nuclear, abatement and removal technologies. We have valued the perspectives shared by stakeholders during these dialogues on how these energy goals can be advanced at COP29 and beyond. The IEA's recent report, From Taking Stock to Taking Action: How to Implement the COP28 Energy Goals, formed an important input to the Dialogues. The report assesses what full and timely implementation of the COP28 objectives would mean for the energy system and its emissions and provides guidance on how to achieve this.
The COP29 Presidency set out its vision, focused on two parallel pillars - to enhance ambition and enable action - with climate finance as a top priority. On energy specifically, the COP29 Presidency has launched three initiatives as part of the COP29 Action Agenda, to respond to the energy goals agreed at COP28: the COP29 Global Energy Storage and Grids Pledge, COP29 Hydrogen Declaration, and COP29 Green Energy Zones and Corridors Pledge. We call on countries and other stakeholders to support these initiatives.
Priority Themes and Key Opportunities
The COP29-IEA High-Level Energy Transition Dialogues have helped identify evolving international consensus around two priority themes: 1) Actions to implement the energy goals agreed at COP28, 2) Actions to mobilise greater investment in energy transitions, particularly in emerging and developing economies. They have also helped us identify five key opportunities for COP29 to demonstrate positive progress in energy transitions and limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.
1. Scale up energy storage and electricity grids as a key enabler to achieving the global goal of tripling renewable energy capacity this decade and ensuring that the full benefits are realised. Reaching this target requires global energy storage capacity to increase to 1,500 GW by 2030, including 1,200 GW in battery storage—representing nearly a 15-fold increase from today (IEA). On top of that, we need to accelerate permitting processes and build or upgrade over 25 million kilometers of electricity grids by 2030, with an additional 65 million kilometers by 2040, according to the IEA. Failing to act will lead to higher electricity prices, increased coal and gas generation, and greater renewable energy curtailment - driving up emissions. By endorsing the COP29 Presidency Global Energy Storage and Grids Pledge, we can take a crucial step forward to align with the 1.5°C transition pathway.
2. Ensure countries accelerate policy implementation to achieve the goal of doubling energy efficiency progress by 2030. A year on from the historic agreement at COP28, the world is not yet on track to achieve this energy efficiency goal. In 2024, the world is set to see only a weak improvement in energy intensity of about 1%, the same rate as in 2023 and half the rate seen in the 2010-2019 period. Speeding up progress requires an integrated policy approach across end-use sectors, and measures to scale up investment in energy efficiency and address shortages of skilled workers. Doubling global energy efficiency improvements could provide about one-third of all emissions reductions by 2030, crucial for the transition away from fossil fuels, and can lower energy bills of consumers. The IEA is working closer than ever with governments to ensure that energy efficiency is prioritised through well-designed and implemented policies and actions, including faster electrification and technical efficiency improvements in advanced economies, stronger efficiency standards in emerging and developing economies and delivering universal access to electricity and clean cooking.
3. Maintain a focus on cutting emissions from methane and fossil fuels. Growing clean energy is critical to driving down the demand for fossil fuels but - in a world characterised by uncertainty - clear policies are needed to accelerate clean energy transitions. Methane emissions are an example of an area in which additional action is needed. Many of the ways to reduce these emissions are well-known and cost-effective and can build on initiatives such as the Global Methane Pledge and the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter. Phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies and ensuring the safe and responsible decommissioning or repurposing of fossil fuel infrastructure when it is no longer needed are also crucial. Dialogue and cooperation among a broad range of stakeholders will be essential.
4. Implement solutions to boost clean energy investment in developing economies to support their transitions. This requires a tripling in annual concessional funding from today's level to USD 115 billion by 2030 - as called for in the G20 Roadmap to Increase Investment in Clean Energy in Developing Countries - and targeted solutions to lower the cost of capital and increase private-capital mobilisation for clean energy investments. Leveraging institutions capable of creating a robust pipeline of bankable clean energy projects, along with fast-tracking reforms of international financial institutions, will be essential to delivering affordable finance to where it is most needed and to ensure that no one is left behind.
5. The next round of Nationally Determined Contributions should be informed by the Global Stocktake (GST) outcomes. At the GST, Parties recognised the need for deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, in line with 1.5C pathways, and called on to contribute to the global efforts listed under paragraph 28, in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris Agreement and their different national circumstances, pathways, and approaches. It is essential that we implement all the GST outcomes to keep us on track to a 1.5-aligned and climate resilient world. Therefore, our next rounds of NDCs should be informed by the GST outcome, integrated into national development strategies, and foster investment and support. This call can put NDCs on course to reach the 1.5°C temperature goal, and would allow deep, rapid and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 43 per cent by 2030 and 60 per cent by 2035 relative to the 2019 level and reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. Failure to heed this call may risk derailing global efforts to keep 1.5°C within reach.
At COP29 in Baku, we must act decisively and collaboratively to seize these opportunities and ensure a just and equitable energy transitions for all. At the World Leaders’ Climate Action Summit at COP29, we will convene a High-Level Roundtable on Energy: Advancing Climate Mitigation Action with heads of state and government, and other senior leaders, marking the culmination of the High-Level Energy Transition Dialogue series. This will be an important moment for Parties and stakeholders to reflect on what is required to keep 1.5°C within reach and announce new actions that can accelerate inclusive clean energy transitions this decade. We encourage countries, business leaders, civil society, financial institutions and international organisations to make announcements at COP29 about the new practical actions each are taking to accelerate energy transitions, and share their high ambition for COP29, new NDCs and global climate action.
【相关阅读】
