【中文为自动翻译，仅供参考，以英文原文为准】
G20 里约热内卢领导人宣言
里约热内卢，2024年11月18日
我们，二十国集团领导人，于 2024 年 11 月 18 日至 19 日在里约热内卢举行会议，以应对重大的全球挑战和危机，促进强劲、可持续、平衡和包容性的增长。我们聚集在可持续发展议程的发源地，重申我们对建设公正世界和可持续地球的承诺，同时不让任何人掉队。
国际经济和政治形势
我们重申二十国集团作为国际经济合作主要论坛的作用。我们共同承担着有效管理全球经济的共同责任，为可持续、有韧性和包容性的全球增长创造条件。我们始终致力于支持发展中国家应对全球危机和挑战，实现可持续发展目标。
我们生活在地缘政治、社会经济、气候和环境挑战和危机的时代，需要采取紧急行动。距离实现 2030 年议程的可持续发展目标 （SDG） 仅剩 6 年时间，只有 17% 的可持续发展目标进展步入正轨，近一半的进展微乎其微或中等，超过三分之一的进展停滞甚至倒退。G20 非常适合通过急需的国际合作和政治驱动来应对这些挑战。作为 G20 的领导人，我们认识到我们面临的危机对世界的影响并不相同，对最贫困和已经处于弱势地位的人造成了不成比例的负担。
我们认识到，国家内部和国家之间的不平等是我们面临的大多数全球挑战的根源，并因此而加剧。我们将加快努力，并重申我们对可持续发展目标的坚定承诺。世界不仅需要紧急行动，还需要采取社会公正、环境可持续和经济无害的措施。因此，我们在 2024 年以“建设公正的世界和可持续发展的地球”为口号开展工作，将不平等的各个方面置于 G20 议程的中心。
我们观察到全球经济软着陆的良好前景，尽管仍然存在多重挑战，并且在不确定性增加的情况下，一些下行风险有所增加。我们将继续促进强劲、可持续、平衡和包容性的增长，应对生活成本压力，维护财政可持续性并减轻负面溢出效应。我们的中央银行仍然坚定地致力于根据各自的职责实现价格稳定。我们的财政政策将保障财政可持续性并重建缓冲，保持增长友好型，并促进公共和私人投资，以促进生产率提高的改革。事实证明，世界许多地区的经济活动比预期的更具韧性，全球通胀正在从高位回落，尽管各国之间存在一些差异，这让我们感到欣慰。尽管如此，各国的增长一直高度不平衡，这加剧了经济分化的风险。我们担心全球中长期增长前景低于历史平均水平。我们将继续努力通过结构改革缩小各国之间的增长差距。我们重申我们的财政部长和央行行长在 2021 年 4 月做出的汇率承诺。我们还重申致力于促进开放、有韧性、包容性和稳定的金融体系，以支持经济增长，并以全面、及时和一致地实施商定的国际标准为基础，并得到持续政策协调的支持。我们重申承诺进一步促进可持续资本流动，促进健全的政策框架，特别是央行独立性。
我们悲痛地注意到世界各地巨大的人类苦难以及战争和冲突的不利影响。
关于正在进行的冲突和战争，我们重申我们在联合国安理会和联合国大会上通过的国家立场和决议，并强调所有国家必须以符合《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则的方式行事。根据《联合国宪章》，所有国家都必须避免以武力威胁或使用武力来寻求领土获取，以损害任何国家的领土完整和主权或政治独立。我们申明，各方必须遵守国际法规定的义务，包括国际人道主义法和国际人权法，并就此谴责所有针对平民和基础设施的袭击。
我们对加沙地带的灾难性人道主义局势和黎巴嫩的局势升级深表关切，同时强调迫切需要扩大人道主义援助的流动，加强对平民的保护，并要求消除大规模提供人道主义援助的所有障碍。我们强调战争对人类的苦难和负面影响。我们申明巴勒斯坦的自决权，重申我们坚定不移地致力于实现两国解决方案的愿景，即以色列和巴勒斯坦国在符合国际法和联合国相关决议的安全和公认的边界内和平共处。我们团结一致，支持根据联合国安理会第 2735 号决议在加沙和黎巴嫩全面停火，使公民能够安全返回蓝线两侧的家园。
具体到乌克兰战争，在回顾我们在新德里的讨论时，我们强调了战争对全球粮食和能源安全、供应链、宏观金融稳定、通货膨胀和增长造成的人类苦难和负面附加影响。我们欢迎所有支持全面、公正和持久和平的相关和建设性倡议，维护《联合国宪章》的所有宗旨和原则，以促进国家间和平、友好和睦邻关系。
我们再次承诺推进无核武器世界和为所有人提供更安全的地方的目标，并将履行我们在这方面的义务。
我们谴责一切形式和表现的恐怖主义。
和平解决冲突、努力解决危机以及外交和对话至关重要。只有和平，我们才能实现可持续性和繁荣。
为了指导我们的行动取得具体成果，巴西担任 G20 轮值主席国，将今年的工作重点放在三个优先事项上：（i） 社会包容和消除饥饿和贫困;（ii） 可持续发展、能源转型和气候行动;以及 （iii） 全球治理机构的改革。
社会包容与对抗饥饿和贫困
自 COVID-19 大流行以来，在减少贫困和消除饥饿方面取得的进展遭受了重大挫折。面临饥饿的人数有所增加，到 2023 年达到惊人的约 7.33 亿人，其中儿童和妇女受到的影响最大。这些前所未有的挑战要求各级做出更大、更有效的承诺、融资和行动，并制定健全的经济政策来促进增长和创造就业。
世界生产的食物足以消除饥饿。总的来说，我们并不缺乏战胜贫困和饥饿的知识和资源。我们需要的是创造条件扩大粮食获取的政治意愿。有鉴于此，我们发起了全球消除饥饿和贫困联盟（Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty），并欢迎其以创新方式调动资金和知识共享，以支持实施由国家主导、国家所有、旨在减少全球饥饿和贫困的大规模循证项目。我们邀请所有国家、国际组织、多边开发银行、知识中心和慈善机构加入该联盟，以便我们能够加快消除饥饿和贫困的努力，同时减少不平等，并为振兴促进可持续发展的全球伙伴关系做出贡献。该联盟倡导行之有效的战略，如现金转移支付、发展本土学校供餐计划、改善获得小额信贷和正规金融体系的机会以及社会保障，以及可以适应每个国家国情的其他战略。
我们强调二十国集团对粮食安全和营养的重要性以及逐步实现充足食物权的承诺，正如《德干高级别原则》所重申的那样。农业处于应对关键挑战的最前沿，例如消除贫困、消除饥饿、改善营养，同时应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失、污染和荒漠化。我们认识到，对于农业和食品系统的挑战，没有放之四海而皆准的解决方案，我们承诺支持发展中国家提高其可持续食品生产和营销的能力。我们还重申了我们的承诺，致力于可持续地提高农业生产力并减少粮食损失和浪费，包括加大努力实现联合国可持续发展目标 12.3 关于粮食损失和浪费的具体目标。鉴于全球农业和食品贸易的动态相互作用，我们认识到各国在通过符合世贸组织规则的开放贸易政策实现粮食安全和营养、食品安全和可持续性方面相互依存。在认识到国内生产重要性的同时，实现国际、区域和本地供应根源的多样化也是加强世界粮食供应链抵御外部冲击能力的重要途径。我们还致力于应对肥料短缺的挑战，包括加强当地生产、贸易、提高肥料效率和利用生物肥料，同时满足改善土壤健康和减少水污染的需求。
我们呼吁尽快实施《二十国集团 2023 年加快实现可持续发展目标行动计划》。我们进一步承诺加强更多工具和机制来打击不平等现象，例如扩大发展合作，包括南北合作、南南合作和三方合作，以及通过多边开发银行和创新性金融工具和机制（如混合融资）释放资源，从而促进优惠资源的可持续流动，并制定明确的分配框架，支持最需要帮助的低收入和中等收入国家。我们呼吁所有合作伙伴从各个来源调动新的和额外的国内和国际资源来应对这一挑战，同时提高其有效性。我们还注意到透明度和相互问责的重要性。我们仍然致力于联合国发展议程，并期待 2025 年在西班牙塞维利亚举行的第四届发展筹资国际会议取得成功。我们还重申，我们致力于帮助发展中国家更好地融入全球工业、价值链和供应链，并加快其工业化和现代化进程，这是我们促进可持续发展和消除不平等的努力的一部分。
我们重申我们的共同承诺和奉献精神，在全球打击腐败和相关非法资金流动的努力中以身作则。我们认识到腐败对贫困、社会和经济不平等以及可持续发展等全球挑战的影响，并认识到反腐败和廉洁促进有助于建设公正的世界和可持续的地球。我们将充分利用 GlobE Network 和其他国际反腐败网络。
我们支持里约热内卢 G20 国际税务合作部长级宣言。累进税制是减少国内不平等、加强财政可持续性、促进预算整合、促进强劲、可持续、平衡和包容性增长以及促进实现可持续发展目标的关键工具之一。我们赞赏几个 G20 成员国最近为解决不平等问题和促进更公平、更累进的税收制度而实施的国内税收改革，并认识到改善国内资源调动对于支持可持续发展目标非常重要。
在充分尊重税收主权的前提下，我们将寻求合作，以确保超高净值人士得到有效的税收。合作可能涉及交流最佳实践、鼓励围绕税收原则的辩论以及设计反避税机制，包括解决可能有害的税收做法。我们期待在 G20 和其他相关论坛上继续讨论这些问题，并依靠相关国际组织、学术界和专家的技术投入。我们鼓励 BEPS 包容性框架 （IF） 考虑在有效的累进税政策背景下解决这些问题。
我们欢迎 IF 下的双支柱解决方案取得的进展。我们重申对 2021 年 10 月包容性框架声明的承诺，以及所有感兴趣的司法管辖区迅速实施双支柱解决方案的承诺，包括就支柱一的最终方案进行快速谈判。我们的国际税务合作应具有包容性和有效性，旨在达成广泛共识，最大限度地发挥现有国际论坛之间的协同作用，同时寻求避免不必要的重复工作。我们继续在联合国就制定《国际税务合作框架公约》及其议定书进行建设性讨论。
我们认识到许多国家在实施大规模政策（包括消除饥饿和减少贫困的政策）时面临的制约因素。当务之急是让那些最需要帮助的人得到更多的支持，确保不让任何人掉队。我们认识到需要扩大各方资源用于抗击饥饿和贫困，并为支持这一目标和其他发展目标，旨在实现稳健且有影响力的 IDA 21 增资，包括扩大其捐助国基础和现有捐助国的持续支持，以及增资非洲发展基金等其他重要区域工具。
我们认识到，在融资成本上升的情况下，市场波动、紧缩的财务状况和债务脆弱性等因素可能会给紧张的公共预算增加短期压力。我们认为，针对发展融资挑战的国别解决方案可以基于支持增长、国内资源调动、能力建设、私人资本流动和有针对性的优惠融资的综合政策措施。在此背景下，我们呼吁国际社会努力支持面临近期流动性挑战且债务可持续的脆弱国家。我们鼓励国际货币基金组织和世界银行继续开展与具体国家和自愿合作的可行方案的工作，以帮助这些国家，并在明年向二十国集团财长报告。
我们认识到，不平等具有代际影响，因为一代人的不平等社会流动性、机会和结果直接影响下一代人。所有人，无论年龄、性别、残疾、种族、民族、出身、宗教、经济或其他状况如何，都应该能够获得基本服务以满足其基本需求、体面工作和其他社会和经济机会，以确保他们充分、平等、有效和有意义地参与社会。减少不平等是实现强劲、可持续、平衡和包容性增长的关键。我们鼓励各国以身作则，根据国情采取进一步措施，促进减少不平等。我们正在努力促进所有人的社会、经济和政治包容和赋权，包括消除歧视性法律、政策和做法，并促进这方面的适当立法、政策和行动，特别是在打击种族主义和促进民族和种族平等方面。我们认识到普惠金融在改善财务状况和实现可持续发展目标方面的重要作用。
我们重申世界卫生组织 （WHO） 在全球卫生架构中的核心协调作用，并得到充足、可预测、透明、灵活和可持续融资的支持。我们支持开展世卫组织投资轮次，作为为世卫组织活动提供资金的另一项措施。我们仍然致力于建立更具韧性、公平、可持续和包容性的卫生系统，以提供以人为本的综合卫生服务，包括心理健康，并实现全民健康覆盖，重点是在未来一到两年内改善基本卫生服务和卫生系统，使其优于疫情前的水平。我们支持加强卫生人力培训，包括通过世卫组织学院。我们欢迎建立以自愿合作为中心的地方和区域生产、创新和公平获取联盟，以促进为被忽视的疾病和弱势群体获得疫苗、治疗和诊断以及其他卫生技术。我们还重申我们对终结艾滋病、结核病、疟疾流行和根除脊髓灰质炎的承诺。我们强调推进“同一个健康”方法，认识到人类、动物、植物和环境健康之间的相互联系，以及解决抗微生物药物耐药性问题的必要性。我们认识到循证传统医学和补充医学的潜在作用。我们将促进协调并推进关于扩大对卫生相关可持续发展目标和预防、准备和应对大流行病的投资的讨论，并在这方面认识到大流行病基金和其他融资举措的贡献。我们鼓励多元化的捐助者基础进一步向疫情基金捐款，以实现新的筹资目标。我们支持结束正在进行的谈判，以起草和谈判关于大流行预防、防范和应对的世卫组织公约、协议或其他国际文书，该公约、协议或其他国际文书旨在补充《国际卫生条例》（IHR），充分尊重各国的主权。我们重申我们对制定一项雄心勃勃、平衡、有效且符合目的的文书的承诺，包括在大流行期间公平获得医疗对策。在当前猴痘疫情暴发的背景下，我们强调全球协调的重要性，以应对这一事件以及其他新出现和重新出现的突发公共卫生事件，在这方面，我们欢迎二十国集团财务与卫生联合工作组的工作，并要求其在 2025 年之前报告其进展情况。
我们认识到，获得安全的饮用水、环境卫生和个人卫生是健康和营养的先决条件，对可持续发展成果至关重要。在这方面，调动资源建立可持续和有韧性的水和卫生系统对于为所有人创造更健康、更公平的未来至关重要。因此，我们支持推广具有包容性、综合性、可持续性和性别响应性的水、环境卫生和个人卫生 （WASH） 系统，以建立抵御生物多样性丧失、气候变化、环境退化、水传播疾病、灾害和污染影响的复原力。为此，我们欢迎关于加强饮用水、环境卫生和个人卫生服务的行动呼吁。
我们强调优质教育和培训（包括数字教育）作为人类尊严和赋权的推动因素的关键作用;公平、平等和包容;可持续和社会经济增长;积极的公民意识、繁荣、和平与福祉。我们关切地注意到当前全球教师短缺。能够使教师合格和留住教师并激发早期职业教师兴趣的专业发展政策已成为为我们的社会为未来做好准备的多维挑战的重要组成部分。
我们认识到文化在促进团结、对话、协作和合作方面的力量和内在价值，从各个方面和各个角度促进一个更可持续的世界。我们承诺遵守包容、社会参与和无障碍原则，以充分行使文化权利，对抗种族主义、歧视和偏见，并呼吁加强和有效的全球参与，讨论数字环境中的版权和相关权利以及人工智能对版权权利人的影响。我们鼓励各国加强国际合作、协作和交流，以发展创意经济。我们重申我们对联合国教科文组织相关文化公约的承诺。我们重申承诺支持促进文化、艺术和遗产部门工作人员做出贡献的政策，并呼吁各国根据知识产权框架和国际劳工标准，加强合作与对话，解决线上和线下的社会和经济权利以及艺术自由问题，以加强公平薪酬和体面的工作条件。我们鼓励加强对文化遗产的保护，包括历史古迹和宗教场所。我们呼吁支持就送回和归还文化财产（包括非法出口的财产）进行公开和包容的对话，以广阔的历史视角为基础，更新国家之间的关系，同时酌情建立替代性争端解决机制。我们承认，在相关各方同意的基础上，将文化财产送回和归还原有国家和社区的价值得到了越来越多的认可。
我们承诺利用数字和新兴技术的潜力来减少不平等。我们认识到，数字包容性需要普遍和有意义的连接，而数字政府解决方案是改善人们生活同时保护隐私、个人数据、人权和基本自由的关键。我们承认数字公共基础设施对公平的数字化转型的贡献，并认识到数字技术在弥合现有鸿沟、增强社会和个人（包括所有妇女、女童和弱势群体）方面的变革力量。我们认识到，数字平台通过扩大信息传播和促进地理边界内部和跨地理边界的通信，重塑了数字生态系统和在线互动。然而，信息领域的数字化和人工智能 （AI） 等新技术的加速发展极大地影响了错误信息和虚假信息、仇恨言论和其他形式的在线危害的速度、规模和范围。从这个意义上说，我们强调数字平台需要根据相关政策和适用的法律框架实现透明度和责任感，并将在这方面与平台和相关利益相关者合作。透明度、适当的保护措施以及数据、算法和内容审核的可解释性，尊重知识产权和隐私，以及数据保护，可能是构建健康信息生态系统的关键。在数据共享方面，我们重申在信任的基础上实现跨境数据流动和数据自由流动的重要性，同时尊重国内和国际适用的法律框架，并承认数据对发展的作用。
我们欢迎 2024 年成立二十国集团研究与创新工作组，并重申在研究和创新领域开展开放、公平、多元和互利共赢的国际合作的重要性。这种合作可以通过使用诸如开放式创新（现已由 G20 研究和创新部长定义）以及开放科学、酌情研究基础设施、自愿技术转让和根据共同商定的条件共同发展能力、世界各地的研究人员、科学家和资源交流、对发展中国家的科学和技术援助等工具来促进这种合作。以及加强科学传播。我们进一步认识到需要减少全球在科学、技术和创新获取和生产方面的不平等和不对称。
我们认识到创造优质就业机会和促进人人享有体面工作对于实现社会包容的重要性。我们重申我们的承诺：（i） 保护国际劳工组织《工作中基本原则和权利宣言》中描述的工人权利，赋予工人权力并消除强迫劳动，结束现代奴隶制和人口贩卖，以及消除一切形式的童工;（ii） 确保职业安全与健康，并让所有工人获得适当的社会保护;（iii） 将我们的努力和政策集中在保证所有部门的公正转型上;（iv） 弥合数字鸿沟，优先考虑包容弱势群体;（v） 制定和实施全面的政策，消除歧视性的社会和文化规范以及法律障碍，以确保妇女平等、充分和有意义地参与我们的经济，以及 （vi） 促进社会对话和集体谈判。
我们庆祝 2024 年二十国集团妇女赋权工作组成立，并重申我们对性别平等和增强所有妇女和女童权能的全面承诺。我们鼓励女性主导的发展，并将促进女性在各行各业和各个经济层面的全面、平等、有效和有意义的参与和领导，这对全球 GDP 的增长至关重要。我们认识到，由于各种因素，所有妇女和女孩都面临着特殊的障碍，例如无法获得医疗保健、教育、职业发展、同工同酬和领导机会。我们认识到，基于性别的暴力，包括针对妇女和女童的性暴力，在公共和私人领域都高得令人震惊，因此我们谴责对妇女和女童的一切形式的歧视，并重申我们对结束包括性暴力在内的基于性别的暴力和打击线上和线下厌女症的承诺。我们承诺促进有偿和无偿护理工作中的性别平等，以确保女性平等、充分和有意义地参与经济，通过促进社会和性别共同责任，鼓励和促进男性和男孩平等参与护理工作，并挑战阻碍公平分配和重新分配护理责任的性别规范。在我们即将迎来《北京宣言》和《行动纲要》30周年之际，我们将加紧努力落实《宣言》和《行动纲要》，包括其审议会议的成果文件。我们承诺实施《迈向和超越布里斯班目标的 G20 路线图》，并期待我们的部长们制定提案，以期在 2025 年后期间制定新的 G20 承诺，特别是关于缩小性别薪酬差距的承诺。我们认识到妇女作为和平推动者的作用。
随着世界面临大规模灾害频率的空前增加，我们认识到它们对弱势群体的影响尤为严重，尤其是低收入群体，并加剧了贫困和不平等。我们承诺根据仙台减少灾害风险框架，加快国际减少灾害风险合作。我们强调备灾方法的关键作用，以及为减少灾害风险而对人员、货物和基础设施进行投资的必要性。
我们重申承诺，根据国家政策、立法和情况，支持移民，包括移民工人和难民，努力建设一个更具包容性的世界，确保充分尊重人权及其基本自由，无论他们的移民身份如何。我们还认识到防止非正规移民流动和偷运移民的重要性，作为安全、有序和正常移民综合方法的一部分，同时应对人道主义需求和流离失所的根本原因。我们支持加强原籍国、过境国和目的地国之间的合作。我们将在未来的主席任期内继续就移民和被迫流离失所问题进行对话。
可持续发展、能源转型和气候行动
我们强调可持续发展在经济、社会和环境三个维度上的作用，将其作为人类、地球和繁荣合作的指导原则，最终目标是克服我们的共同挑战。我们重申各自的承诺，加大紧急行动力度，应对气候变化、生物多样性丧失、荒漠化、海洋和土地退化、干旱和污染带来的危机和挑战。
我们重申我们对多边主义的坚定承诺，特别是鉴于在《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《巴黎协定》下取得的进展，并重申我们决心继续团结一致，努力实现《协定》的宗旨和长期目标。我们理解并承认气候变化的紧迫性和严重性。我们重申《巴黎协定》的气温目标，即将全球平均气温升幅控制在比工业化前水平高 2 摄氏度以内，并努力将气温升幅限制在比工业化前水平高 1.5 摄氏度以内，同时认识到这将显著降低气候变化的风险和影响。我们强调，气温上升 1.5 摄氏度时，气候变化的影响将比 2 摄氏度低得多，并重申我们努力将气温上升限制在 1.5 摄氏度的决心。
我们决心在我们的国家经济和国际金融体系中采取大胆、及时和结构性的行动，以期与可持续发展优先事项和消除贫困和饥饿的努力协同，加速和扩大气候行动。我们认识到，我们的整体努力将比各部分的总和更强大，因此我们将合作并共同努力，以全球动员起来应对气候变化。
牢记我们的领导作用，我们重申我们坚定不移的承诺，为实现《联合国气候变化框架公约》的目标，通过加强对《巴黎协定》的全面和有效实施来应对气候变化，体现公平以及根据不同国情共同但有区别的责任和各自能力的原则。我们重申我们的承诺，并将加大努力，以在本世纪中叶或前后实现全球温室气体净零排放/碳中和。我们鼓励彼此以国家自主的方式提出温室气体净零排放/气候中和承诺，同时考虑到《巴黎协定》和我们不同的国情、路径和方法。
我们欢迎并完全赞同迪拜联合国气候变化大会 （COP28） 雄心勃勃且平衡的成果，特别是阿联酋共识及其对《巴黎协定》的首次全球盘点 （GST-1）。
我们将积极响应 GST-1 鼓励《巴黎协定》缔约方在下一次国家自主贡献中提出雄心勃勃的全经济减排目标，涵盖所有温室气体、行业和类别，并与根据最新科学依据，根据不同的国情将全球变暖限制在 1.5 摄氏度。
我们认识到，在气候变化产生广泛、重大和日益增长的影响之后，需要采取紧急行动，扩大规模，优先考虑整个社会和整个经济的适应，并将其纳入主流。我们重申，GST-1 呼吁根据不同的国情采取紧急、渐进、转型和国家驱动的适应行动，并根据实现《巴黎协定》第 2 条第 1（b） 款所述目标所需的内容加强适应工作。
我们认识到需要根据 1.5 摄氏度路径深入、快速和持续地减少温室气体排放，并呼吁成员以国家自主的方式为全球应对气候变化的努力做出贡献，同时考虑到《巴黎协定》及其不同的国情、路径和方法，如 GST-1 中所述。我们进一步认识到，正如 GST-1 中所述，成员国应合作促进一个支持性和开放的国际经济体系，旨在实现所有国家的可持续经济增长和发展，从而使它们能够更好地解决气候变化问题，并指出为应对气候变化而采取的措施，包括单边措施，不应构成任意或不合理的歧视手段或对国际的变相限制贸易。
我们强调需要加强国际合作和支持，包括扩大对发展中国家的公共和私人气候融资和投资，加速广泛可及的技术创新，增强韧性和低温室气体排放途径，并支持雄心勃勃的绿色工业规划和战略。我们重申《新德里领导人宣言》（New Delhi Leaders Declaration），承认需要迅速、大幅地将气候融资从数十亿扩大到万亿。
在可持续金融方面，我们继续支持可持续金融路线图，并欢迎《2024 年 G20 可持续金融报告》达成共识。我们认识到优化纵向气候和环境基金运作的重要性，使其与各国的需求、优先事项和战略保持一致，以增强国家自主权并最大限度地发挥投资的影响。我们鼓励这些基金共同努力，采取具体措施释放其全部潜力，并改善可及性，包括通过共同申请和加强与多边开发银行和国家发展机构的合作。我们强调继续开展公正转型工作的重要性，同时考虑到其经济、社会和环境维度以及当地情况，并推进应对基于自然的解决方案 （NbS） 融资挑战的工作。
我们强调在使资金流动与实现低温室气体排放和气候适应型发展的途径相一致方面取得进展的重要性，我们欢迎巴西担任 G20 轮值主席国时采取的倡议，即建立全球应对气候变化工作组 （TF-CLIMA），将夏尔巴人和金融轨道结合起来，同时帮助进一步将气候变化纳入全球金融的主流。经济和发展议程。在 TF-CLIMA 的基础上，我们将合作并共同努力识别和解决结构性障碍，以促进私人资本流动以采取气候行动，特别是针对发展中国家。我们认识到，相关机构应努力确保充分捕捉风险，包括探索提高信用评级和国家风险评估的透明度。
我们将加快国际金融架构的改革，使其能够应对可持续发展、气候变化和消除贫困的紧迫挑战。我们支持自愿建立国家平台，将其作为促进新兴市场和发展中经济体可持续金融的可能工具之一。由国家主导、灵活且能很好地适应国情的平台可以有效地动员公共和私人资本为发展中国家的项目和计划提供资金，帮助将缓解、适应和复原力建设挑战与具体资源流动相匹配，以实现公正转型。
我们期待在巴库取得成功的新集体量化目标 （NCQG）。我们承诺支持 COP29 主席国，并承诺在巴库成功谈判。我们还承诺支持 2025 年的 COP30 主席国。
我们承诺根据 SDG7、《巴黎协定》和迪拜联合国气候变化大会 （COP28） 通过的 GST-1 的成果，加速清洁、可持续、公正、负担得起和包容性的能源转型，不让任何人掉队，尤其是穷人和弱势群体，同时考虑到不同的国情。
我们支持通过现有目标和政策，将全球可再生能源产能提高两倍，将全球能源效率的年平均增长率提高一倍，同样支持实施其他零排放和低排放技术，包括到 2030 年根据国情实施的减排和去除技术。此外，我们认识到需要促进和扩大来自所有金融来源和渠道的投资，以弥合全球能源转型的资金缺口，尤其是在发展中国家。我们重申发展中国家向低碳转型需要得到支持，努力为它们提供低成本融资。我们认识到国内能源规划、能力建设、政策战略和框架以及各级政府之间的合作在创造有利环境以吸引能源转型融资方面的重要作用。
我们重申我们在《新德里领导人宣言》中的承诺，加大努力落实 2009 年在匹兹堡做出的承诺，在中期逐步淘汰和合理化鼓励浪费性消费的低效化石燃料补贴，并承诺实现这一目标，同时为最贫困和最脆弱的群体提供有针对性的支持。
我们强调技术中立、综合和包容性方法在开发和部署各种低排放能源、可持续燃料和技术方面的关键作用，包括用于减排和清除、碳管理和减排，以期创造规模和全球市场，以加速能源转型，特别是在难以减排的行业。我们鼓励酌情使用公认的方法和标准来评估温室气体排放。
我们支持可靠、多元化、可持续和负责任的供应链，以实现能源转型，包括从源头选矿的关键矿物和材料、半导体和技术。我们注意到联合国秘书长关键能源转型矿产小组召集的专家的工作。
我们承诺加快努力，到 2030 年实现普遍获得清洁烹饪，包括制定和实施扶持政策，以及提供和动员所有来源的财政和技术支持给发展中国家，以增加年度投资并支持清洁烹饪项目的可负担性。
我们赞同二十国集团能源转型工作组通过的自愿性“公正和包容性能源转型原则”，并根据国情，在制定和实施国内政策以实现能源转型时将其考虑在内。
我们重申致力于迅速、全面和有效实施《生物多样性公约》第 15 次缔约方大会通过的昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架 （KM-GBF），并鼓励其他国家也这样做。我们强调《生物多样性公约》缔约方尽快根据 KM-GBF 及其目标和具体目标更新或修订国家生物多样性战略和行动计划的重要性，我们呼吁增加所有来源的财政资源。我们期待 2024 年 12 月在利雅得举行的《联合国防治荒漠化公约》（UNCCD） 第十六届缔约方会议 （COP16） 圆满结束。
我们认识到森林提供了重要的生态系统服务，以及作为汇的气候目的，我们强调加大努力保护、养护和可持续管理森林以及打击森林砍伐的重要性，包括加大努力，到 2030 年制止和扭转森林砍伐和森林退化，强调这些行动对可持续发展的贡献，并考虑到当地社区的社会和经济挑战以及土著人民。在森林方面，我们将根据 WTO 规则和多边环境协定，避免歧视性的绿色经济政策。我们致力于从所有来源为森林筹集新的和额外的资金，包括为发展中国家提供优惠和创新融资。我们鼓励创新机制，寻求调动新的和多样化的资金来源来支付生态系统服务费用。因此，我们注意到建立永久热带森林设施 （TFFF） 的计划，并承认该设施是森林保护的创新工具。我们重申二十国集团的雄心壮志，即根据二十国集团土地倡议的承诺，到 2040 年在自愿基础上将土地退化减少 50%。我们还将采取措施预防、管理和解决干旱和极端野火的负面影响。
作为世界上最大的经济体，在不同层面产生了约 75% 的全球废弃物和全球大部分的自然资源消耗，注意到各国的贡献和情况不同，我们重申我们致力于通过零废弃物和其他举措大幅减少废弃物的产生，包括未管理和管理不善的废弃物。我们优先考虑预防废物，并在不可能的情况下减少、再利用和回收废物，以支持循环经济。我们认识到采用可持续生产和消费模式以及将可持续发展生活方式 （LiFE） 主流化的重要性。
我们决心终结塑料污染，并承诺共同努力，以雄心壮志在 2024 年底之前完成一项雄心勃勃、公平和透明的具有法律约束力的国际文书的谈判，该文书基于符合联合国环境大会第 5/14 号决议任务授权的综合方法。在大韩民国釜山举行的政府间谈判委员会 （INC-5） 第五届会议上。
我们充分认识到海洋对可持续发展的至关重要性，认识到充足的资金、我们加大的努力和适当的规划和管理对于确保保护海洋环境以及养护和可持续利用海洋资源和生物多样性至关重要。在我们在新德里达成的共识的基础上，我们呼吁所有国家早日生效并由缔约方执行《联合国海洋法公约》关于养护和可持续利用国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的协定（BBNJ 协定）， 强调加强国际合作、能力建设、技术援助和财政支持的必要性，特别是对发展中国家的支持。我们将积极参与 2025 年在尼斯举行的第三届联合国海洋会议。我们期待在未来的主席任期内继续实施 Oceans20 倡议。
我们对 2024 年推出的 G20 生物经济倡议 （GIB） 表示非常满意。认识到生物经济在促进建设可持续未来和促进全民经济增长方面的巨大潜力，我们决定制定了十项自愿性、不具约束力的生物经济高级别原则，旨在概述这种创新的互补生产范式如何能够并且应该在经济、社会和环境方面可持续。我们认识到进一步合作的潜力，并欢迎南非决定在 G20 下一任 G20 轮值主席国期间继续 GIB 的工作。
全球治理机构的改革
没有和平，就没有可持续性，也就没有繁荣。我们知道所有战争造成的恐怖和苦难。为了从我们共同努力促进社会、经济和环境等各个层面的可持续发展中获益，我们需要更好地为世界提供改革后的全球治理。G20 诞生于金融和经济危机，我们共同努力克服了这些危机。现在，我们面临着一场多方面的危机，其中政治和地缘政治紧张局势危及我们应对挑战的能力，例如促进增长、减少贫困和应对气候变化。
国际社会今天面临的挑战只能通过多边解决方案来解决，以创造更美好的明天，并为当代和子孙后代加强全球治理。为了兑现联合国和世界各地其他相关国际组织的承诺，我们承诺努力建立一个重振和加强的多边体系，植根于《联合国宪章》和国际法的宗旨和原则，更新机构和改革后的治理，更具代表性、有效性、透明度和问责制。反映了 21 世纪的社会、经济和政治现实。
联合国
我们承诺加强大会作为联合国主要审议、决策和代表机构的作用，通过改善和加强与安全理事会的互动，维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，包括在与维护国际和平与安全有关的问题上，振兴大会。我们还承诺，根据《联合国宪章》，通过承认大会权威并提高其有效性和效率的变革性程序和做法，并增加对大会主席女性候选人的提名，从而振兴大会。
我们承诺通过变革性改革来改革安理会，使其与 21 世纪的现实和要求保持一致，使其更具代表性、包容性、高效性、有效性、民主性和问责制，并对整个联合国会员国更加透明，允许所有会员国更好地分担责任，同时提高其工作方法的有效性和透明度。我们呼吁扩大安理会的组成，以提高非洲、亚太、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区等代表性不足和未代表性的地区和群体的代表性。
我们承诺通过与联合国机构、基金和规划署加强协同增效和协调一致来加强经济及社会理事会 （ECOSOC），以更好地促进三个维度的可持续发展，并协助会员国实现可持续发展目标。我们承诺加强经社理事会的一致性，加强与国际金融机构的接触，特别是在高级别政治论坛和国际经济合作论坛（如二十国集团）内的接触，同时尊重独立于联合国的现有治理机制和任务。
我们承诺加强建设和平委员会，加强其作用，积极解决冲突的根本原因和驱动因素，并动员政治和财政支持，支持国家预防、维持和平与建设和平的努力，特别是根据委员会的任务，避免可能再次陷入冲突。
我们将通过透明度、公平的地域分配、国籍轮换、职位招聘的优点和性别平衡，以及增加对女性担任高级职位（包括秘书长）的提名，努力建立一个更具代表性的联合国秘书处，同时重申任何职位都不应被视为任何会员国或国家集团的专属职位。
为了促进联合国的改革，使我们能够实现我们的共同目标，我们将本着二十国集团全球治理改革行动呼吁的精神，与所有联合国会员国共同努力。
国际金融架构
在前几届二十国集团轮值主席国的遗产和我们在新德里赋予的任务的基础上，我们批准了《二十国集团迈向更好、更大、更有效的多边开发银行路线图》，该路线图为多边开发银行提出了全面的建议和行动，以发展其愿景、激励结构、运营方法和财务能力，以便它们能够更好地在应对广泛的全球和区域挑战方面发挥最大影响。同时加快实现可持续发展目标的进展。在尊重每个多边开发银行的任务和治理结构的同时，我们呼吁多边开发银行与相关利益相关者合作，实施 G20 多边开发银行路线图，并鼓励它们定期报告实施进度。我们欢迎世界银行集团《发展路线图》的实施以及其他多边开发银行正在进行的改革。我们还呼吁多边开发银行继续作为一个系统开展工作，并与政府、国家和地方开发银行、保险和再保险提供商以及私营部门合作。我们感谢越来越多的多边开发银行报告资本充足率框架 （CAF） 的实施情况以及迄今为止取得的进展。我们注意到，CAF 措施仍有可能在未来十年释放额外的贷款空间，进一步实施仍需进一步实施。我们鼓励多边开发银行促进国内资源调动，加强私人资本调动。
我们在《新德里领导人宣言》中重申承诺，共同动员更多的资金余量和优惠资金，以提高世界银行的能力，帮助需要帮助的低收入和中等收入国家应对全球挑战，为稀缺的优惠资源分配提供明确的框架，并为最贫困国家提供强有力的支持。我们期待着即将到来的国际复兴开发银行 2025 年股权审查，该审查符合利马持股原则。
我们强调需要加强发展中国家在多边开发银行和其他国际经济和金融机构决策中的代表性和发言权，以提供更有效、可信、更负责任和合法的机构。在此背景下，我们欢迎国际货币基金组织 （IMF） 执董会设立第 25 任教席，以加强撒哈拉以南非洲的发言权和代表性。
我们重申致力于在全球金融安全网的中心建立一个强大、基于份额且资源充足的国际货币基金组织。我们认识到调整份额份额的紧迫性和重要性，以更好地反映成员国在世界经济中的相对地位，同时保护最贫困成员国的份额份额。我们欢迎基金组织执董会正在进行的工作，即在 2025 年 6 月之前制定可能的方法，以指导进一步调整份额，包括根据第 17 次份额总审查制定新的份额公式。我们随时准备采取建设性行动，帮助基金组织执董会造势。我们欢迎国际货币基金组织执董会审查收费和附加费，以及审查减贫与增长信托 （PRGT） 的设施和融资。这些审查是相关的步骤，我们将继续支持基金适应不断变化的环境的努力。
我们欢迎全球实现 1000 亿美元自愿捐款（以特别提款权或等值货币计价）用于承诺给最需要的国家的里程碑式目标，并呼吁迅速兑现未决承诺。我们将继续邀请愿意并合法能够探索向多边开发银行提供特别提款权 （SDR） 的国家，同时尊重由此产生的以特别提款权计价的债权的储备资产地位并确保其流动性，以加强多边开发银行支持可持续发展目标和应对全球挑战的财务能力，包括全球消除饥饿和贫困联盟的目标。
我们再次强调以有效、全面和系统的方式解决低收入和中等收入国家债务脆弱性的重要性。我们欢迎在 G20 共同框架下及其他框架下在债务处理方面取得的进展。我们仍然致力于解决全球债务脆弱性问题，包括以《二十国集团关于从共同框架下的第一批案例中吸取的经验教训的说明》为依据，以可预测、及时、有序和协调的方式加强共同框架的实施。我们将继续遵守 DSSI 之后债务处理共同框架中做出的所有承诺，包括第二段和最后一段中的承诺。我们欢迎所有利益相关者共同努力，继续努力提高债务透明度，并鼓励私人债权人效仿。我们继续支持全球主权债务圆桌会议（Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable），以进一步促进包括私营部门、双边和多边债权人以及债务国在内的主要利益相关者之间的共识。我们欢迎巴西担任 2024 年 G20 轮值主席国后召集的关于债务、发展和基础设施的非洲主导辩论。
多边交易系统
国际贸易是包容性经济增长、消除贫困和饥饿以及促进可持续发展和可持续发展目标的重要引擎。我们强调确保贸易和可持续发展相辅相成的重要性，支持《二十国集团贸易与可持续发展原则》（G20 Principles on Trade and Sustainable Development），作为设计和实施贸易和可持续发展相关措施的指导方针。为了使贸易和投资能够充分发挥其潜力并成为全球增长和繁荣的驱动力，我们强调需要确保以世贸组织为核心，建立一个基于规则、非歧视、公平、开放、包容、公平、可持续和透明的多边贸易体系。确保符合世贸组织规则的公平竞争环境和公平竞争对于确保繁荣和为所有人营造有利的贸易和投资环境至关重要。我们重申世贸组织发展维度的核心地位。
在《马拉喀什协定》签署 30 周年之际，我们重申支持努力对世贸组织进行必要的改革，以改善其所有职能，以应对当前的贸易挑战，并使贸易成为所有人增长和繁荣的引擎。我们仍然致力于进行讨论，以期到 2024 年让所有成员都能使用一个全面且运作良好的争议解决系统。
人工智能
AI 的快速发展有望带来全球数字经济的繁荣和扩张。我们努力以负责任、包容和以人为本的方式解决挑战，同时保护人们的权利和安全，从而利用 AI 造福所有人。为了确保安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能开发、部署和使用，必须解决对人权的保护、透明度和可解释性、公平性、问责制、监管、安全、适当的人工监督、道德、偏见、隐私、数据保护和数据治理问题。我们认识到需要利用 AI 的机会，包括生成式 AI，同时密切关注其挑战。我们将寻求促进 AI 的创新监管/治理方法，以限制风险，同时使我们能够从它所提供的一切中受益。为了释放人工智能的全部潜力，公平分享其好处并降低风险，我们将共同努力促进国际合作，并进一步讨论人工智能的国际治理，同时认识到需要吸收发达国家和发展中国家的声音。我们认识到联合国与其他现有论坛一起，在促进国际人工智能合作方面的作用，包括增强可持续发展的能力。我们认识到国家内部和国家之间不断扩大的数字鸿沟，呼吁促进发展中国家在这一领域的包容性国际合作和能力建设，并欢迎支持这些努力的国际倡议。我们重申二十国集团人工智能原则和联合国教科文组织《人工智能伦理建议书》。
我们承认，包括人工智能在内的新兴技术的开发、部署和使用可以为工人提供许多机会，但也对他们的权利和福祉构成道德问题和风险。随着人工智能和其他技术的不断发展，还需要弥合数字鸿沟，包括到 2030 年将性别数字鸿沟减半，优先考虑将弱势群体纳入劳动力市场，并确保公平尊重知识产权、数据保护、隐私和安全。我们同意倡导和推广负责任的 AI，以改善教育和健康成果以及女性赋权。我们认识到，数字素养和技能对于实现有意义的数字包容性至关重要。我们认识到，当技术融入员工的意见和反馈时，它将技术整合到工作场所是最成功的，从而鼓励企业在工作中整合数字技术时进行社会对话和其他形式的咨询。考虑到这一点，我们欢迎 G20 劳工和就业部长决定与其他相关工作流合作，为在工作领域安全、可靠和可靠地使用 AI 制定指导方针。
我们期待数字经济工作组的工作继续进行，并期待在南非担任轮值主席国的 G20 人工智能和创新高级别倡议/工作组中进行讨论，以支持这些努力。
建设包容有效的 G20
我们欢迎非洲联盟成为 G20 的正式成员。非洲的声音应该在 G20 和所有其他国际论坛上得到放大。我们重申对非洲的大力支持，包括通过与非洲达成契约和二十国集团（G20）支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化的倡议，并支持非洲联盟在进入第二个实施十年之际，根据其《2063年议程》实现贸易和经济一体化以及实现其抱负。
2024 年，G20 继续加强该集团作为包容性和有效论坛的作用。我们促进了 G20 内部更好的对话和表达，通过增加联席会议的数量，以及召集两个额外的联合工作组，将 Sherpa 和 Finance 轨道整合在一起，这些工作组处理巴西担任 G20 轮值主席国期间的一些关键优先事项：消除饥饿和贫困以及全球动员应对气候变化。
我们强调 G20 与国际社会所有成员进行外联的重要性。在这方面，我们赞扬在巴西担任轮值主席国期间在联合国总部召开外长会议，这是 G20 首次向所有联合国会员国开放的会议。
我们欢迎巴西担任 G20 轮值主席国为更好地整合参与小组而采取的创新方法，因为它凸显了民间社会在解决经济、金融、政治、环境和社会问题方面能够而且应该发挥建设性作用。我们赞赏召开二十国集团社会峰会的决定，该倡议为非政府利益攸关方提供了一个独特的机会，让他们就国际议程的基本问题发表意见。
考虑到 G20 是一个由领导人领导的非正式团体，并且应该继续如此，夏尔巴人将评估南非担任轮值主席国期间 G20 的第一个完整轮值主席国周期，并在充分尊重 2011 年戛纳峰会上商定的原则的情况下，为第二个轮值周期提供建议，包括未来轮值主席国的路线图。
结论
我们仍然坚定不移地致力于与饥饿、贫困和不平等作斗争，促进经济、社会和环境方面的可持续发展，并改革全球治理。我们欢迎沙特阿拉伯在下一轮轮次担任 G20 轮值主席国的雄心。我们感谢巴西今年的领导作用，并期待在 2025 年在南非担任轮值主席国期间共同努力，并于 2026 年在美国再次会面。
【相关阅读】
G20 Rio de Janeiro Leaders' Declaration
Rio de Janeiro, November 18, 2024
de Janeiro on 18-19 November 2024 to address major global challenges and crises and promote strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth. We gather in the birthplace of the Sustainable Development Agenda to reaffirm our commitment to building a just world and a sustainable planet, while leaving no one behind.
International Economic and Political Situation
We reaffirm the role of the G20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation. Together, we share a collective responsibility for the effective stewardship of the global economy, fostering the conditions for sustainable, resilient and inclusive global growth. We remain committed to support developing countries in responding to global crises and challenges and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
We live in times of major geopolitical, socioeconomic, and climate and environmental challenges and crises, which require urgent action. With only six years left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, progress towards only 17% of the SDG targets is on track, nearly half are showing minimal or moderate progress, and progress on over one third has stalled or even regressed. The G20 is well suited to address those challenges through much needed international cooperation and political drive. As Leaders of the G20, we recognize that the crises we face do not affect the world equally, disproportionally burdening the poorest and those already in vulnerable situations.
We recognize that inequality within and among countries is at the root of most global challenges that we face and is aggravated by them. We will accelerate our efforts and reaffirm our strong commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals. The world requires not only urgent action, but also socially just, environmentally sustainable and economically sound measures. For that reason, we work, in 2024, under the motto “Building a just world and a sustainable planet” – placing inequality, in all its dimensions, at the center of the G20 agenda.
We observe good prospects of a soft landing of the global economy, although multiple challenges remain and some downside risks have increased amid elevated uncertainty. We will continue to foster strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth, address cost of living pressures, safeguard fiscal sustainability and mitigate negative spillovers. Our central banks remain strongly committed to achieving price stability in line with their respective mandates. Our fiscal policies will safeguard fiscal sustainability and rebuild buffers, remain growth-friendly, and catalyze public and private investments towards productivity enhancing reforms. We are reassured by the fact that economic activity has proved to be more resilient than expected in many parts of the world and that global inflation is coming down from elevated levels, although there is some variation across countries. Still, growth has been highly uneven across countries, contributing to the risk of economic divergence. We are concerned that medium and long-term global growth prospects are below historical averages. We will continue to strive to reduce growth disparities across countries through structural reforms. We reaffirm the April 2021 exchange rate commitment made by our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. We also reaffirm our commitment to promote an open, resilient, inclusive, and stable financial system, which supports economic growth, and is grounded in full, timely and consistent implementation of agreed international standards, supported by on-going policy coordination. We reiterate our commitment to further promote sustainable capital flows and fostering sound policy frameworks, notably central bank independence.
We note with distress the immense human suffering and the adverse impact of wars and conflicts around the world.
Concerning the ongoing conflicts and wars, we reiterate our national positions and resolutions adopted at the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly and underscore that all states must act in a manner consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter in its entirety. In line with the UN Charter, all states must refrain from the threat or use of force to seek territorial acquisition against the territorial integrity and sovereignty or political independence of any state. We affirm that all parties must comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and in this regard condemn all attacks against civilians and infrastructure.
While expressing our deep concern about the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and the escalation in Lebanon, we emphasize the urgent need to expand the flow of humanitarian assistance and to reinforce the protection of civilians and demand the lifting of all barriers to the provision of humanitarian assistance at scale. We highlight the human suffering and negative impacts of the war. Affirming the Palestinian right to self-determination, we reiterate our unwavering commitment to the vision of the two-State solution where Israel and a Palestinian State live side by side in peace within secure and recognized borders, consistent with international law and relevant UN resolutions. We are united in support for a comprehensive ceasefire in Gaza in line with UN Security Council Resolution n. 2735 and in Lebanon that enables citizens to return safely to their homes on both sides of the Blue Line.
Specifically concerning the war in Ukraine, while recalling our discussions in New Delhi, we highlight the human suffering and negative added impacts of the war with regard to global food and energy security, supply chains, macro-financial stability, inflation and growth. We welcome all relevant and constructive initiatives that support a comprehensive, just, and durable peace, upholding all the Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter for the promotion of peaceful, friendly, and good neighborly relations among nations.
We recommit to advancing the goal of a world free of nuclear weapons and a safer place for all and will uphold our obligations in this regard.
We condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.
The peaceful resolution of conflicts and efforts to address crises as well as diplomacy and dialogue are critical. Only with peace will we achieve sustainability and prosperity.
To guide our actions towards concrete results, the Brazilian G20 Presidency has focused this year’s work on three priorities: (i) social inclusion and the fight against hunger and poverty; (ii) sustainable development, energy transitions and climate action; and (iii) the reform of global governance institutions.
Social Inclusion and the Fight against Hunger and Poverty
The advances towards reducing poverty and eradicating hunger have suffered significant setbacks since the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of people facing hunger has increased, reaching the staggering figure of around 733 million people in 2023, with children and women being the most affected. These unprecedented challenges call for greater and more effective commitment, financing, and actions at all levels and sound economic policies to foster growth and job creation.
The world produces more than enough food to eradicate hunger. Collectively, we do not lack knowledge nor resources to fight poverty and defeat hunger. What we need is political will to create the conditions to expand access to food. In light of this, we have launched the Global Alliance against Hunger and Poverty and welcome its innovative approach to mobilizing finance and knowledge sharing to support the implementation of country-led, country-owned, large-scale and evidence-based programs aiming at reducing hunger and poverty worldwide. We invite all countries, international organizations, multilateral development banks, knowledge centers and philanthropic institutions to join the Alliance so we can accelerate efforts to eradicate hunger and poverty while reducing inequalities and contributing to revitalizing global partnerships for sustainable development. The Alliance champions proven strategies such as cash transfers, development of homegrown school feeding programs, improving access to microfinance and the formal financial system and social protection, among other strategies that can be adapted to each country’s national circumstances.
We underscore the G20 commitment to the importance of food security and nutrition and of the progressive realization of the right to adequate food as reaffirmed through the Deccan High-Level Principles. Agriculture is at the forefront of addressing key challenges, such as fighting poverty, ending hunger, improving nutrition, while confronting climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution and desertification. While recognizing there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the challenges of agriculture and food systems, we commit to support developing countries to enhance their capacity for sustainable food production and marketing. We also renew our commitment to work towards sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and reducing food loss and waste including by increasing our efforts to achieve the UN SDG 12.3 target on food losses and waste. In light of the dynamic interplay of global agriculture and food trade, we recognize the interdependence of countries in achieving food security and nutrition, food safety, and sustainability through open trade policies consistent with WTO rules. While recognizing the importance of domestic production, diversifying international, regional and local supply roots is also an important way to strengthen the resilience of world food supply chains to external shocks. We also aim to address the challenges of fertilizer shortages, including through strengthening local production, trade, increase fertilizer efficiency, and utilize biofertilizers while addressing the need to improve soil health and minimize water pollution.
We call for speedy implementation of the G20 2023 Action Plan on Accelerating Progress on the SDGs. We further commit to enhancing additional tools and mechanisms to fight inequalities, such as scaling up development cooperation, including North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation, as well as the unlocking of resources through multilateral development banks and innovative financial tools and mechanisms, such as blended finance, that can promote sustainable flows of concessional resources, with clear allocation frameworks to support low- and middle-income countries most in need. We call on all partners to mobilize new and additional domestic and international resources from all sources to meet that challenge, while at the same time increasing their effectiveness. We also note the importance of transparency and mutual accountability. We remain committed to the United Nations Development Agenda and look forward to the success of the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development, in Seville, Spain in 2025. We also reaffirm our commitment to help developing countries better integrate into the global industrial, value and supply chains and accelerate their industrialization and modernization process, as part of our efforts to promote sustainable development and to fight inequalities.
We reaffirm our shared commitments and our dedication to lead by example in the global efforts against corruption and related illicit financial flows. We acknowledge the impact of corruption on global challenges such as poverty, social and economic inequality, as well as sustainable development, and recognize that anti-corruption and integrity promotion can contribute to building a just world and a sustainable planet. We will make the best use of GlobE Network and other international anti-corruption networks.
We endorse the Rio de Janeiro G20 Ministerial Declaration on International Tax Cooperation. Progressive taxation is one of the key tools to reduce domestic inequalities, strengthen fiscal sustainability, foster budget consolidation, promote strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth and facilitate the achievement of the SDGs. We applaud domestic tax reforms carried out by several G20 members to tackle inequalities and promote fairer and more progressive tax systems recently and recognize that improving domestic resource mobilization is important to support the SDGs.
With full respect to tax sovereignty, we will seek to engage cooperatively to ensure that ultra-high-net-worth individuals are effectively taxed. Cooperation could involve exchanging best practices, encouraging debates around tax principles, and devising anti-avoidance mechanisms, including addressing potentially harmful tax practices. We look forward to continuing to discuss these issues in the G20 and other relevant forums, counting on the technical inputs of relevant international organizations, academia, and experts. We encourage the Inclusive Framework on BEPS (IF) to consider working on these issues in the context of effective progressive tax policies.
We welcome the progress made on the Two-Pillar Solution under the IF. We reiterate our commitment to the October 2021 Statement of the IF and to the swift implementation of the Two-Pillar Solution by all interested jurisdictions, including expeditious negotiations on the final package of Pillar One. Our international tax cooperation should be inclusive and effective and aimed at reaching broad consensus, maximizing synergies among the existing international fora, while seeking to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. We continue constructive discussion at the United Nations on the development of a Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation and its protocols.
We recognize the constraints faced by many countries in implementing large-scale policies, including those to eradicate hunger and reduce poverty. It is imperative that those who are most in need receive greater support, ensuring that no one is left behind. We recognize the need to scale up resources from all sources for the fight against hunger and poverty and, in support of this and other development goals, aim to reach a robust and impactful IDA 21 replenishment, including an expansion of its donor country base and continued support from existing donors, as well as the replenishment of other important regional instruments such as the African Development Fund.
We recognize that market fluctuations, tight financial conditions, and debt vulnerabilities, among others, could be adding near-term pressure on strained public budgets amid increasing financing costs. We believe that country-specific solutions to development financing challenges could be based on combined policy measures that support growth, domestic resource mobilization, capacity building, private capital flows, and targeted concessional financing. In this context, we call on the international community to make efforts to support vulnerable countries facing near-term liquidity challenges whose debt is sustainable. We encourage the IMF and World Bank to continue their work related to feasible options which are country-specific and on a voluntary basis to help those countries and report back to G20 Finance Ministers next year.
We acknowledge that inequalities have an inter-generational impact, as the unequal social mobility, opportunities and outcomes of a generation directly influence those of the next. All people, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion, or economic or other status, should have access to essential services to meet their basic needs, to decent work and to other social and economic opportunities that ensure their full, equal, effective and meaningful participation in society. Reducing inequality is pivotal for achieving strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth. We encourage countries to lead by example by adopting further measures to promote inequality reduction, in accordance with national circumstances. We are striving to promote the social, economic, and political inclusion and empowerment of all, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies, and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies, and action in this regard, in particular on combating racism and promoting ethnic and racial equality. We recognize the significant role of financial inclusion in improving financial wellbeing and achieving the SDGs.
We reiterate the central coordinating role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the global health architecture, supported by adequate, predictable, transparent, flexible and sustainable financing. We support the conducting of the WHO Investment Round as an additional measure for financing the WHO activities. We remain committed to building more resilient, equitable, sustainable, and inclusive health systems for the provision of integrated people-centered health services, including mental health, and to achieve Universal Health Coverage, focusing on improving essential health services and health systems to better than pre-pandemic levels in the next one to two years. We support strengthening health workforce training, including through the WHO Academy. We welcome the establishment of a Coalition for Local and Regional Production, Innovation and Equitable Access centered on voluntary cooperation in order to promote access to vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics, and other health technologies for neglected diseases and persons in vulnerable situations. We also reaffirm our commitment to ending the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and for polio eradication. We emphasize advancing a One Health approach, recognizing the interlinkages between human, animal, plant, and environmental health, and the necessity to address antimicrobial resistance. We recognize the potential role of evidence-based traditional and complementary medicine. We will promote coordination and advance discussions on scaling up investments in health-related SDGs and Prevention, Preparedness, and Response to pandemics, and, in this regard, recognize the contribution of the Pandemic Fund and other financing initiatives. We encourage further contributions to the Pandemic Fund from a diversified donor base to achieve the new funding goal. We support the conclusion of the ongoing negotiations to draft and negotiate a WHO convention, agreement, or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response, which aims to complement the International Health Regulations (IHR), with full respect for sovereignty of individual States. We reiterate our commitment to an instrument that is ambitious, balanced, effective and fit-for-purpose, including equitable access to medical countermeasures during pandemics. In the context of the current mpox outbreak, we emphasize the importance of global coordination to address this and other emerging and reemerging public health emergencies, and in this regard welcome the work of the G20 Joint Finance and Health Task Force and ask it to report on its progress by 2025.
We acknowledge that access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is a prerequisite to health and nutrition and is critical to sustainable development outcomes. In this regard, mobilizing resources to build sustainable and resilient water and sanitation systems is essential for a healthier and more equitable future for all. We, therefore, support the promotion of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems that are inclusive, integrated, sustainable, and gender-responsive to build resilience to the impacts of biodiversity loss, climate change, environmental degradation, water-borne diseases, disasters, and pollution. To this end, we welcome the Call to Action on Strengthening Drinking Water and Sanitation and Hygiene Services.
We emphasize the critical role of quality education and training, including digital education, as an enabler for human dignity and empowerment; equity, equality, and inclusiveness; sustainable and socio-economic growth; active citizenship, prosperity, peace and well-being. We note with concern the current global teacher shortage. Professional development policies capable of qualifying and retaining teachers and of stimulating the interest of early-career teachers have become an essential component of the multidimensional challenge of preparing our societies for the future ahead.
We recognize culture’s power and intrinsic value in nurturing solidarity, dialogue, collaboration and cooperation, fostering a more sustainable world, in all dimensions and from all perspectives. We commit to the principles of inclusion, social participation and accessibility, for the full exercise of cultural rights, confronting racism, discrimination and prejudice, and call for a strengthened and effective global engagement on the discussion of copyright and related rights in the digital environment and the impacts of AI on copyright right holders. We encourage countries to enhance international cooperation, collaboration and exchange towards the development of the creative economy. We reaffirm our commitment to the relevant UNESCO culture conventions. We reaffirm our commitment to support policies that promote the contribution of those working in the culture, arts and heritage sectors and call on countries to strengthen cooperation and dialogue addressing social and economic rights and artistic freedom, both online and offline, in accordance with intellectual property rights frameworks and international labor standards, for the enhancement of fair pay and decent working conditions. We encourage strengthening the protection of cultural heritage, including historical monuments and religious sites. We call for support of open and inclusive dialogue on the return and restitution of cultural property, including illegally exported property, building on a broad historical perspective that renews relationships between countries while enabling alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, as appropriate. We acknowledge the increased recognition of the value of the return and restitution of cultural property to countries and communities of origin based on the consent between the relevant parties.
We commit to harness the potential of digital and emerging technologies to reduce inequalities. We recognize that digital inclusion requires universal and meaningful connectivity and that digital government solutions are key to improve people’s lives while protecting privacy, personal data, human rights and fundamental freedoms. We acknowledge the contribution of digital public infrastructure to an equitable digital transformation and recognize the transformative power of digital technologies to bridge existing divides and empower societies and individuals including all women and girls and people in vulnerable situations. We recognize that digital platforms have reshaped the digital ecosystem and online interactions by amplifying information dissemination and facilitating communication within and across geographical boundaries. However, the digitization of the information realm and the accelerated evolution of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), has dramatically impacted the speed, scale and reach of misinformation and disinformation, hate speech and other forms of online harms. In this sense, we emphasize the need for digital platforms` transparency and responsibility in line with relevant policies and applicable legal frameworks and will work with platforms and relevant stakeholders in this regard. Transparency, with appropriate safeguards, and explainability regarding data, algorithms and content moderation that respects intellectual property rights and privacy, and data protection can be key for building healthy information ecosystems. In the context of data sharing, we reaffirm the importance of enabling cross-border data flows and data free flow with trust, while respecting domestic as well as international applicable legal frameworks and acknowledging the role of data for development.
We welcome the inaugural convening of the G20 Research and Innovation Working Group in 2024 and reaffirm the importance of open, fair, diverse, and mutually beneficial international cooperation in research and innovation. This cooperation can be facilitated by using tools such as open innovation, which has now been defined by the G20 Research and Innovation Ministers, plus open science, research infrastructures as appropriate, voluntary technology transfer and co-development of capacities on mutually agreed terms, exchanges of researchers, scientists, and resources around the world, science and technology assistance to developing countries, and enhanced science communication. We further acknowledge the need to reduce global inequalities and asymmetries in the access and production of science, technology, and innovation.
We recognize the importance of creating quality jobs and promoting decent work for all to achieve social inclusion. We reaffirm our commitments to (i) protect workers’ rights as described in the International Labour Organization’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, empowering workers and eradicating forced labor, ending modern slavery and human trafficking as well as eliminating all forms of child labor; (ii) to ensure occupational safety and health and access to adequate social protection for all workers; (iii) to focus our efforts and policies on guaranteeing a just transition in all sectors; (iv) to bridge digital divides and prioritize the inclusion of people in vulnerable situations; (v) to develop and implement comprehensive policies that dismantle discriminatory social and cultural norms as well as legal barriers to ensure women’s equal, full and meaningful participation in our economies, and (vi) to promote social dialogue and collective bargaining.
We celebrate the inaugural convening of the G20 Empowerment of Women Working Group in 2024 and reaffirm our full commitment to gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. We encourage women-led development and will promote the full, equal, effective and meaningful participation and leadership of women in all sectors and at all levels of the economy, which is crucial to the growth of global GDP. We recognize that all women and girls face particular barriers because of various factors, such as lack of access to health care, education, career development, equal pay, and leadership opportunities. Acknowledging that gender-based violence, including sexual violence against women and girls, is alarmingly high across public and private spheres, we condemn every form of discrimination against women and girls and recall our commitment to end gender-based violence including sexual violence and combat misogyny online and offline. We commit to promoting gender equality in paid and unpaid care work to ensure equal, full and meaningful participation of women in the economy, by promoting social and gender co-responsibility, encouraging and facilitating men's and boys’ equal involvement in care work and challenging gender norms that prevent equitable distribution and redistribution of caregiving responsibilities. As we approach the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, we will strengthen our efforts to fulfill its implementation, including the outcome documents of its review conferences. We commit to implementing the G20 Roadmap Towards and Beyond the Brisbane Goal and look forward to our Ministers developing proposals with a view to establishing new G20 commitments for the post-2025 period, in particular regarding closing the gender pay gap. We recognize the role of women as agents of peace.
As the world faces an unprecedented increase in the frequency of large-scale disasters, we recognize they disproportionately affect people in vulnerable situations, particularly low-income groups, and exacerbate poverty and inequality. We commit to accelerating international disaster risk reduction cooperation in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. We emphasize the critical role of a disaster preparedness approach and the need for investment in people, goods and infrastructure for disaster risk reduction.
We reaffirm our commitment to support migrants, including migrant workers and refugees in our efforts towards a more inclusive world, in line with national policies, legislations and circumstances, ensuring full respect for the human rights and their fundamental freedoms regardless of their migration status. We also recognize the importance of preventing irregular migration flows and the smuggling of migrants, as part of a comprehensive approach for safe, orderly and regular migration while responding to humanitarian needs and the root causes of displacement. We support strengthening cooperation between countries of origin, transit and destination. We will continue the dialogue on migration and forced displacement during future Presidencies.
Sustainable Development, Energy Transitions and Climate Action
We emphasize the role of sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social, and environmental – as a guiding principle for cooperation for people, planet and prosperity, with the ultimate goal of overcoming our collective challenges. We reaffirm our respective commitments to scale up urgent action to address the crises and challenges posed by climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification, ocean and land degradation, drought and pollution.
We reaffirm our strong commitment to multilateralism, especially in the light of the progress made under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement and reiterate our resolve to remain united in the pursuit of efforts to achieve the purpose and long-term goals of the Agreement. We understand and acknowledge the urgency and seriousness of climate change. We reaffirm the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. We underscore that the impacts of climate change will be much lower at the temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius compared with 2 degrees Celsius and reiterate our resolve to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
We are determined to lead bold, timely and structural actions in our national economies and in the international financial system with a view to accelerating and scaling up climate action, in synergy with sustainable development priorities and efforts to eradicate poverty and hunger. Recognizing that the whole of our efforts will be more powerful than the sum of their parts, we will cooperate and join efforts towards a global mobilization against climate change.
Mindful of our leadership role, we reaffirm our steadfast commitments, in pursuit of the objective of UNFCCC, to tackle climate change by strengthening the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, reflecting equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in light of different national circumstances. We reiterate our commitment and will intensify our efforts to achieve global net zero greenhouse gas emissions/carbon neutrality by or around mid-century. We encourage each other to bring forward net zero GHG emissions/climate neutrality commitments in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris Agreement and our different national circumstances, pathways and approaches.
We welcome and fully subscribe to the ambitious and balanced outcome of the UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai (COP28), in particular the UAE Consensus and its first Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement (GST-1).
We will respond positively to the GST-1 encouragement for Parties to the Paris Agreement to come forward in their next nationally determined contributions with ambitious, economy-wide emission reduction targets, covering all greenhouse gases, sectors and categories and aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 C, as informed by the latest science, in the light of different national circumstances.
We acknowledge the need for urgent action to scale up, prioritize and mainstream whole-of society and whole-of-economy adaptation in the wake of the widespread, significant, and growing impacts of climate change. We reaffirm that GST-1 called for urgent, incremental, transformational and country-driven adaptation action based on different national circumstances and for the enhancement of adaptation efforts in line with what is needed to achieve the goal in Article 2, paragraph 1(b) of the Paris Agreement.
We recognize the need for deep, rapid and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in line with 1.5 C pathways and call on members to contribute to the global efforts against climate change, in a nationally determined manner, taking into account the Paris Agreement and their different national circumstances, pathways and approaches, as addressed in GST-1. We further recognize, as addressed in GST-1, that members should cooperate on promoting a supportive and open international economic system aimed at achieving sustainable economic growth and development in all countries and thus enabling them to better to address the problems of climate change, noting that measures taken to combat climate change, including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade.
We underscore the need for increased international collaboration and support, including with a view to scaling up public and private climate finance and investment for developing countries, accelerating broadly accessible technological innovation, enhancing resilience and low-greenhouse-gas emissions pathways, and supporting ambitious green industrial planning and strategies. We reiterate the New Delhi Leaders Declaration recognition of the need for rapidly and substantially scaling up climate finance from billions to trillions from all sources.
Regarding sustainable finance, we continue to support the Sustainable Finance Roadmap and welcome the consensus achieved in the 2024 G20 Sustainable Finance Report. We recognize the importance of optimizing the operations of vertical climate and environmental funds, aligning them with countries’ needs, priorities, and strategies to enhance national ownership and maximize the impact of investments. We encourage these funds to work together, take concrete steps to unlock their full potential, and improve access, including through a common application and enhanced cooperation with MDBs and national development institutions. We underscore the importance of continuing the work on operationalizing just transitions, considering its economic, social and environmental dimensions and local circumstances, and advancing work to address challenges to Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) financing.
Underlining the importance of progress towards making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development, we welcome the initiative taken by Brazil’s G20 Presidency to establish the Task Force on a Global Mobilization against Climate Change (TF-CLIMA), bringing together the Sherpa and Finance tracks, while helping further mainstream climate change into the global financial, economic and development agendas. Building on TF-CLIMA, we will cooperate and join efforts to identify and address structural barriers to foster private capital flows for climate action, particularly for developing countries. We recognize that relevant institutions should work to ensure that risks are well captured, including by exploring to increase the transparency of credit ratings and country risk assessments.
We will accelerate the reform of the international financial architecture so that it can meet the urgent challenge of sustainable development, climate change and efforts to eradicate poverty. We support the voluntary building-up of country platforms as one of the possible instruments to boost sustainable finance in emerging markets and developing economies. Platforms that are country-led, flexible, and well adapted to national circumstances work as efficient instruments to mobilize both public and private capital to finance projects and programs in developing countries, helping match mitigation, adaptation, and resilience-building challenges with concrete flows of resources for just transitions.
We look forward to a successful New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) outcome in Baku. We pledge our support to the COP29 Presidency and commit to successful negotiations in Baku. We also pledge our support to the COP30 Presidency, in 2025.
We commit to accelerating clean, sustainable, just, affordable and inclusive energy transitions, in line with SDG7, the Paris Agreement and the outcome of the GST-1, adopted at the UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai (COP28), that leave no one behind, especially the poor and those in vulnerable situations, taking into account different national circumstances.
We support the implementation of efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally and double the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements globally through existing targets and policies, similarly support the implementation with respect to other zero and low-emission technologies, including abatement and removal technologies in line with national circumstances by 2030. Furthermore, we recognize the need to catalyze and scale up investment from all financial sources and channels for bridging the funding gap for energy transitions globally, especially in developing countries. Reaffirming that developing countries need to be supported in their transitions to low carbon emissions, we will work towards facilitating low-cost financing for them. We acknowledge the important role of domestic energy planning, capacity building, policy strategies and frameworks, as well as cooperation between different levels of government, in creating enabling environments to attract financing for energy transitions.
We reiterate our commitment in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration to increase our efforts to implement the commitment made in 2009 in Pittsburgh to phase-out and rationalize, over the medium term, inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption and commit to achieve this objective, while providing targeted support for the poorest and the most vulnerable.
We underscore the crucial role of technologically neutral, integrated, and inclusive approaches to develop and deploy a variety of low-emitting energies, sustainable fuels and technologies, including for abatement and removal, carbon management, and emission reduction, with a view to creating scale and global markets to accelerate energy transitions, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. We encourage, as appropriate, the use of mutually recognized methodologies and standards for assessing greenhouse gas emissions.
We support reliable, diversified, sustainable and responsible supply chains for energy transitions, including for critical minerals and materials beneficiated at source, semiconductors and technologies. We note the work of experts convened under the UN Secretary General’s Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals.
We commit to accelerate efforts to achieve universal access to clean cooking by 2030, including through formulation and implementation of enabling policies and provision and mobilization of financial and technological support from all sources to developing countries in order to increase the annual investments and support the affordability of clean cooking projects.
We endorse the voluntary “Principles for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions” adopted by the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group and, in line with national circumstances, take them into account when devising and implementing domestic policies to pursue energy transitions.
We reaffirm the commitment to the swift, full, and effective implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) adopted at the COP15 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and encourage other countries to do the same. We stress the importance of Parties to the CBD updating or revising national biodiversity strategies and action plans in alignment with the KM-GBF and its goals and targets as soon as possible and we call for enhanced financial resources from all sources. We look forward to a successful conclusion of the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP16) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) that will take place in Riyadh in December 2024.
Recognizing that forests provide crucial ecosystem services, as well as for climate purposes acting as sinks, we stress the importance of scaling up efforts to protect, conserve and sustainably manage forest and combat deforestation, including through enhanced efforts towards halting and reversing deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, highlighting the contributions of these actions for sustainable development and taking into account the social and economic challenges of local communities as well as Indigenous Peoples. In the context of forests, we will avoid discriminatory green economic policies, consistent with WTO rules and multilateral environmental agreements. We are committed to mobilizing new and additional finance for forests from all sources, including concessional and innovative financing for developing countries. We encourage innovative mechanisms that seek to mobilize new and diverse sources of funding to pay for ecosystem services. As such, we take note of the plans to establish the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) and acknowledge the Facility as an innovative tool for forest conservation. We reaffirm the G20 ambition to reduce land degradation by 50% by 2040 on a voluntary basis, as committed under the G20 Land Initiative. We will also take steps to prevent, manage, and address the negative impacts of droughts and extreme wildfires.
As the world’s largest economies, which generate at different levels, around 75% of global waste and the majority of the global consumption of natural resources, noting the varying contributions and circumstances among countries, we reaffirm our commitment to significantly reduce the generation of waste, including unmanaged and poorly managed waste, through zero waste and other initiatives. We prioritize the prevention and, where not possible, the reduction, reuse and recycling of waste in support of a circular economy. We recognize the importance of embracing sustainable production and consumption patterns and mainstreaming Lifestyles for Sustainable Development (LiFE).
We are determined to end plastic pollution and commit to working together with the ambition to conclude by the end of 2024 the negotiations of an ambitious, fair and transparent international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, based on a comprehensive approach in line with the mandate of UNEA resolution 5/14, at the Fifth Session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5) in Busan, Republic of Korea.
Fully aware of the critical importance of the oceans and seas for sustainable development, we recognize that adequate financing and our increased efforts and appropriate planning and management are essential to ensure the protection of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources and biodiversity. Building on the consensus we reached in New Delhi, we call on all countries for the early entry into force, and implementation by the Parties, of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement), emphasizing the necessity of enhanced international cooperation, capacity-building, technical assistance, and financial support, particularly to developing countries. We will engage actively in the 3rd United Nations Ocean Conference in Nice in 2025. We look forward to the continuation of the Oceans20 initiative in the future presidencies.
We express great satisfaction with the launch of the G20 Initiative on Bioeconomy (GIB) in 2024. Recognizing the remarkable potential of bioeconomy to contribute to building a sustainable future and fostering economic growth for all, we have decided on the ten voluntary, non-binding High-Level Principles on Bioeconomy, which aim to outline how this innovative complementary productive paradigm can and should be economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable. We recognize the potential for further cooperation and welcome the decision of South Africa to continue the work of the GIB in the next G20 Presidency of the group.
The Reform of Global Governance Institutions
There will be no sustainability nor prosperity without peace. We know the horrors and suffering produced by all wars. To reap the benefits of our joint efforts to promote sustainable development in all its dimensions – social, economic and environmental – we need to better equip the world with a reformed global governance. The G20 was born out of financial and economic crises, and we managed to work together to overcome them. Now we confront a multifaceted crisis, in which political and geopolitical tensions imperil our capacity to address challenges such as the promotion of growth, the reduction of poverty, and the fight against climate change.
The challenges the global community faces today can only be addressed through multilateral solutions for a better tomorrow and the strengthening of global governance for both present and future generations. In order to deliver on the promises of the United Nations and other relevant international organizations around the world, we pledge to work for a reinvigorated and strengthened multilateral system, rooted in the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and international law, with renewed institutions and a reformed governance that is more representative, effective, transparent and accountable, reflecting the social, economic and political realities of the 21st century.
United Nations
We commit to invigorate the General Assembly through the strengthening of its role, as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations, to uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, including on questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security, through an improved and intensified interaction with the Security Council. We also commit to invigorate the Assembly through transformative procedures and practices that recognize its authority and enhance its effectiveness and efficiency, in line with the UN Charter, and increased nominations of women candidates for President of the General Assembly.
We pledge to reform the Security Council through a transformative reform that aligns it with the realities and demands of the 21st century, makes it more representative, inclusive, efficient, effective, democratic and accountable, and more transparent to the whole of the UN membership, allowing for better responsibility sharing among all its members, while improving the effectiveness and transparency of its working methods. We call for an enlarged Security Council composition that improves the representation of the underrepresented and unrepresented regions and groups, such as Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean.
We pledge to strengthen the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) through greater synergies and coherence with UN Agencies, Funds and Programs to better promote sustainable development in its three dimensions and to assist member states in achieving the SDGs. We commit to increased ECOSOC coherence and enhanced engagement with international financial institutions, particularly within the High-Level Political Forum, and forums for international economic cooperation, such as the G20, while respecting existing governance mechanisms and mandates independent of the United Nations.
We commit to strengthen the Peacebuilding Commission through an enhanced role in proactively addressing the underlying causes and drivers of conflicts and by mobilizing political and financial support for national prevention, sustaining peace and peacebuilding efforts, in particular to avoid possible relapse into conflict, in accordance with the Commission’s mandate.
We will work towards a more representative UN Secretariat through transparency, equitable geographical distribution, rotation of nationalities, merit and gender balance in filling positions, and increasing the nomination of women for senior positions, including Secretary-General, while reaffirming that no post should be considered the exclusive preserve of any member state or group of states.
In order to promote the reform of the United Nations that will allow us to live up to our shared goals, we will work together with all the UN membership in the spirit of the G20 Call to Action on Global Governance Reform.
International Financial Architecture
Building on the legacy of previous G20 Presidencies, and the mandate we gave in New Delhi, we endorse the G20 Roadmap towards Better, Bigger, and More Effective Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), which presents comprehensive recommendations and actions for MDBs to evolve their visions, incentive structures, operational approaches, and financial capacities, so that they are better equipped to maximize their impact in addressing a wide range of global and regional challenges, while accelerating progress towards the SDGs. While respecting each MDB's mandate and governance structure, we call on the MDB's, working alongside relevant stakeholders, to implement the G20 MDB Roadmap and encourage them to engage on a periodic reporting on the implementation progress. We welcome the implementation of the World Banks Group’s Evolution Roadmap and the reforms being undertaken by other MDBs. We also call on MDBs to continue working as a system, and to partner with governments, national and subnational development banks, insurance and reinsurance providers and the private sector. We appreciate the growing number of MDBs reporting on Capital Adequacy Framework (CAF) implementation and the progress made so far. We note that CAF measures still have the potential to unlock additional lending headroom over the next decade with further implementation still to come. We encourage MDBs to boost domestic resource mobilization and enhance private capital mobilization.
We reaffirm our commitment in the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration to collectively mobilize more headroom and concessional finance to boost World Bank capacity to help low- and middle-income countries that need help in addressing global challenges, with a clear framework for the allocation of scarce concessional resources, and to provide strong support for the poorest countries. We look forward to the upcoming International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2025 Shareholding Review, in line with the Lima Shareholding principles.
We underscore the need for enhancing the representation and voice of developing countries in decision-making in MDBs and other international economic and financial institutions, to deliver more effective, credible, accountable, and legitimate institutions. In that context, we welcome the creation of a 25th chair at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Executive Board to enhance the voice and representation of Sub-Saharan Africa.
We reaffirm our commitment to a strong, quota-based, and adequately resourced IMF at the center of the global financial safety net. We acknowledge the urgency and importance of realignment in quota shares to better reflect members’ relative positions in the world economy while protecting the quota shares of the poorest members. We welcome the IMF Executive Board’s ongoing work to develop by June 2025 possible approaches as a guide for further quota realignment, including through a new quota formula, under the 17th General Review of Quotas. We stand ready to act constructively to help build momentum at the IMF Executive Board. We welcome the IMF Executive Board review of charges and surcharges and the review of Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) facilities and financing. These reviews are relevant steps and we will continue to support the Fund’s efforts to adapt to evolving circumstances.
We welcome the landmark achievement of the global ambition of USD 100 billion of voluntary contributions (in SDRs or equivalent) in pledges for countries most in need and call for the swift delivery of pending pledges. We will continue to invite countries that are willing and legally able to explore channeling Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) to MDBs, while respecting the reserve asset status of the resulting SDR-denominated claims and ensuring their liquidity, in order to strengthen MDBs´ financial capacity to support SDGs and address global challenges, including the goals of the Global Alliance against Hunger and Poverty.
We re-emphasize the importance of addressing debt vulnerabilities in low and middle-income countries in an effective, comprehensive and systematic manner. We welcome the progress made on debt treatments under the G20 Common Framework and beyond. We remain committed to addressing global debt vulnerabilities, including by stepping up the Common Framework’s implementation in a predictable, timely, orderly, and coordinated manner, informed by the G20 Note on the Lessons Learned from the First Cases Under the Common Framework. We continue to stand by all the commitments made in the Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI, including those in the second and final paragraphs. We welcome joint efforts by all stakeholders to continue working towards enhancing debt transparency and encourage private creditors to follow. We continue to support the Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable to further advance common understanding among key stakeholders, including the private sector, bilateral and multilateral creditors and debtor countries. We welcome the Africa-led debates on Debt, Development and Infrastructure convened by the Brazilian G20 Presidency in 2024.
Multilateral Trading System
International trade is an important engine for inclusive economic growth, combating poverty and hunger and promoting sustainable development and the SDGs. Stressing the importance of ensuring that trade and sustainable development are mutually supportive, we endorse the G20 Principles on Trade and Sustainable Development to serve as guidelines for the design and implementation of measures related to trade and sustainable development. To enable trade and investment to fully realize its potential and act as a driver of global growth and prosperity, we emphasize the need to ensure a rules-based, non-discriminatory, fair, open, inclusive, equitable, sustainable and transparent multilateral trading system, with the WTO at its core. Ensuring a level playing field and fair competition consistent with WTO rules is essential to ensuring prosperity and fostering a favorable trade and investment environment for all. We reiterate the centrality of the development dimension of the WTO.
On the 30th anniversary of the Marrakesh Agreement, we reiterate our support to work towards the necessary reform of the WTO to improve all its functions, with a view to addressing current trade challenges and enabling trade to serve as an engine of growth and prosperity for all. We remain committed to conducting discussions with a view to having a fully and well-functioning dispute settlement system accessible to all members by 2024.
Artificial Intelligence
The rapid progress of AI promises prosperity and expansion of the global digital economy. It is our endeavor to leverage AI for good and for all by solving challenges in a responsible, inclusive and human-centric manner, while protecting people's rights and safety. To ensure safe, secure, and trustworthy AI development, deployment and use, the protection of human rights, transparency and explainability, fairness, accountability, regulation, safety, appropriate human oversight, ethics, biases, privacy, data protection and data governance must be addressed. We recognize the need to leverage the opportunities of AI, including Generative AI, while remaining mindful of its challenges. We will seek to promote a pro-innovation regulatory/governance approach to AI that will limit risks while enabling us to benefit from what it has to offer. To unlock the full potential of AI, equitably share its benefits, and mitigate risks, we will work together to promote international cooperation and further discussions on international governance for AI, recognizing the need to incorporate the voices of developed and developing countries. We recognize the role of the United Nations, alongside other existing fora, in promoting international AI cooperation, including to empower sustainable development. Acknowledging growing digital divides within and between countries, we call for the promotion of inclusive international cooperation and capacity building for developing countries in this domain and welcome international initiatives to support these efforts. We reaffirm the G20 AI principles and the UNESCO Recommendation on Ethics of AI.
We acknowledge that the development, deployment and use of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, can provide many opportunities to workers, but also poses ethical concerns and risks for their rights and well-being. As AI and other technologies continue to evolve, it is also necessary to bridge digital divides, including halving the gender digital divide by 2030, prioritize the inclusion of people in vulnerable situations in the labor market, as well as ensure fairness respect for intellectual property, data protection, privacy, and security. We agree to advocate and promote responsible AI for improving education and health outcomes as well as women’s empowerment. We recognize that digital literacy and skills are essential to achieve meaningful digital inclusion. We recognize that technologies’ integration in the workplace is most successful when it incorporates the observations and feedback of workers and thus encourage enterprises to engage in social dialogue and other forms of consultation when integrating digital technologies at work. With this in mind, we welcome the decision of G20 Labor and Employment Ministers to establish guidelines for the safe, secure and trustworthy use of AI in the world of work, in collaboration with other relevant workstreams.
We look forward to the continuation of the work of the Digital Economy Working Group, as well as to discussions in the G20 in a High-Level Initiative/Task-Force on Artificial Intelligence and Innovation to support these efforts, under the South African Presidency.
For an Inclusive and Effective G20
We welcome the African Union as a full member of the G20. Africa’s voice should be amplified in the G20 and all other international fora. We reiterate our strong support to Africa including through the Compact with Africa and the G20 initiative on supporting industrialization in Africa and LDCs, and support the African Union to realize the trade and economic integration and aspirations under its Agenda 2063 as it enters its second decade of implementation.
In 2024, the G20 continued to reinforce the group’s role as an inclusive and effective forum. We fostered an improved dialogue and articulation within the G20, bringing together the Sherpa and Finance tracks through an increased number of joint meetings, as well as by convening two additional joint task forces, which dealt with some of the key priorities of the Brazilian G20 Presidency: the fight against hunger and poverty and the global mobilization against climate change.
We highlight the importance of G20’s outreach with all members of the international community. In that regard, we commend the convening of a Foreign Ministers Meeting in the United Nations Headquarters during the Brazilian Presidency, which was the first G20 meeting open to all United Nations Members.
We welcome the innovative approach undertaken by the Brazilian G20 Presidency to better integrate engagement groups, as it highlighted the constructive role civil society can, and should, play in addressing economic, financial, political, environmental and social issues. We applaud the decision to convene a G20 Social Summit, an initiative that provided non-government stakeholders a unique opportunity to voice their views on fundamental issues of the international agenda.
Considering that the G20 is a Leaders-led and informal group and should remain so, Sherpas will evaluate the G20's first full cycle of presidencies under South Africa’s presidency and, with full respect to the principles agreed at the Cannes Summit in 2011, provide recommendations to the second cycle, including a roadmap for future presidencies.
Conclusion
We remain resolute in our commitment to fighting hunger, poverty, and inequality, promoting sustainable development in its economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and reforming global governance. We welcome Saudi Arabia’s ambition to advance its turn for hosting the G20 Presidency in the next cycle. We thank Brazil for its leadership this year and look forward to working together in 2025 under South Africa’s Presidency and meeting again in the United States in 2026.
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