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英国司法大臣马哈茂德7月12日在视察英格兰一家监狱时表示，英国政府计划从今年9月开始扩大提前释放囚犯的范围，以应对监狱过度拥挤的危机。
中英文对照版本（机器翻译，仅供参考）：
UK to release thousands of inmates, with overcrowded prisons at ‘breaking point’
SCMP
Thousands of prisoners are to be released early from September to prevent the “collapse” of the prisons system, the UK’s new justice minister announced on Friday.
英国新任司法部长周五宣布，将从九月初开始释放数千名囚犯，以防止监狱系统“崩溃”。
1.inmate/ˈɪnmeɪt/ n.监犯; (精神病院的) 住院者
Shabana Mahmood said failure to do so risked the “total breakdown of law and order”, with just 700 places left for men, and jails operating at 99 per cent capacity since 2023.
沙巴纳·马哈茂德 (Shabana Mahmood) 表示，如果不这样做，可能会面临“法律和秩序彻底崩溃”的风险，自 2023 年以来，监狱只剩下 700 个供男性使用的名额，而监狱的利用率达到 99%。
England and Wales have the highest per capita prison population in western Europe.
英格兰和威尔士的人均监狱人数是西欧最高的。
2.per capita adj.for each person 每人的；人均的
例：Per capita income rose sharply last year. 去年人均收入猛增。
The chief inspector of prisons, Charlie Taylor, said this week that urgent action was required, as prisons were at “breaking point”.
监狱首席督察查理·泰勒本周表示，需要采取紧急行动，因为监狱正处于“崩溃点”。
The release initiative would not apply to violent offenders serving more than four years, sex offenders and those in prison for domestic abuse offences as well as those on life sentences.
释放举措不适用于服刑四年以上的暴力犯罪者、性犯罪者、因家庭虐待罪入狱的人以及被判无期徒刑的人。
3.domestic abuse 家庭暴力：一个人对与其同住的人进行的残忍对待，可能包括暴力或其他形式的残忍行为。
life sentences 终身监禁：被判处终身监禁的惩罚。
Mahmood, appointed last week after Labour’s general election win, warned in dramatic language that if prisons ran out of cell space, there could be “van-loads of dangerous people circling the country with nowhere to go”.
马哈茂德上周在工党赢得大选后被任命，他用戏剧性的语言警告说，如果监狱的牢房空间用完，可能会有“一车辆危险的人在全国各地无处可去”。
“With officers unable to act, criminals could do whatever they want, without consequence. We could see looters running amok, smashing in windows, robbing shops and setting neighbourhoods alight,” she said in a speech at a prison.
“由于警察无法采取行动，犯罪分子可以为所欲为，而不会承担任何后果。我们可以看到抢劫者横行无忌，砸碎窗户，抢劫商店，纵火焚烧社区，”她在监狱的一次演讲中说。
4.looter/ˈluːtə(r)/ n.抢劫者
5.run amok/əˈmɒk/
to suddenly become very angry or excited and start behaving violently, especially in a public place （尤指在公共场所）发狂，狂暴，疯狂
6.alight/əˈlaɪt/作形容词表示1)on fire 燃烧；着火
eg:A cigarette set the dry grass alight . 一支香烟把干草点燃了。
2)(formal)(of faces or eyes 脸或眼)showing a feeling of happiness or excitement 容光焕发；兴奋
作动词表示1)~(in/on/upon sth)(of a bird or an insect 鸟或昆虫)to land in or on sth after flying to it 降落；飞落
SYN land
2)~(from sth)to get out of a bus, a train or other vehicle 从（公共汽车、火车等）下来
SYN get off
eg:Do not alight from a moving bus. 公共汽车行驶时不要下车。
alight on/upon sth
to think of, find or notice sth, especially by chance （尤指偶然地）想到，发现，注意到
eg:Eventually, we alighted on the idea of seeking sponsorship. 最后我们偶然想到了寻求赞助。
“In short, if we fail to act now, we face the collapse of the criminal justice system.”
“简而言之，如果我们现在不采取行动，我们将面临刑事司法系统的崩溃。”
Mahmood accused the previous Conservative government of a “dereliction of duty” regarding the system.
马哈茂德指责前保守党政府在该制度方面“失职”。
7.dereliction/ˌderəˈlɪkʃ(ə)n/ 1)[U]the state of being derelict 荒废；弃置；破旧不堪
eg:industrial/urban dereliction 工业╱城市废墟
2)[U sing.](law 律)~of duty the fact of deliberately not doing what you ought to do, especially when it is part of your job 玩忽职守；渎职
eg:The police officers were found guilty of serious dereliction of duty . 这些警察被判犯有严重渎职罪。
Her comments echoed Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who earlier told reporters while attending a Nato summit in the United States that the ousted Tories were guilty of “gross irresponsibility”.
她的言论呼应了英国首相基尔·斯塔默（Keir Starmer），后者早些时候在美国出席北约峰会时告诉记者，被赶下台的保守党犯有“严重不负责任”的罪行。
8.oust/aʊst/ v.~sb(from sth/as sth) to force sb out of a job or position of power, especially in order to take their place 剥夺；罢免；革职
例：He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
9.gross/ɡrəʊs/ 作形容词表示1)(law 律)(of a crime, etc. 罪行等)very obvious and unacceptable 严重的
例：gross indecency/negligence/misconduct 严重猥亵╱过失╱渎职
例：a gross violation of human rights 严重侵犯人权
2)being the total amount of sth before anything is taken away 总的；毛的
例：gross weight (= including the container or wrapping) 毛重
3)very unpleasant 令人不快的；令人恶心的；使人厌恶的
例：‘He ate it with mustard.’ ‘Oh, gross!’ “他用芥末拌着吃。”“啊，真恶心！”
4)very rude 粗鲁的；不雅的
例：gross behaviour 粗鲁的行为
5)very fat and ugly 肥胖而丑陋的
例：She's not just fat, she's positively gross! 她不只是胖，她简直是五大三粗！
作动词表示to earn a particular amount of money before tax has been taken off it 总收入为；总共赚得
例：It is one of the biggest grossing movies of all time. 这是票房收入创历史之最的影片之一。
作名词表示1)a group of 144 things 一罗（144个）
例：two gross of apples 两罗苹果
2)(especially US)a total amount of money earned by sth, especially a film/movie, before any costs are taken away（尤指影片的）毛收入，总收入
“The scale of the problem was worse than we thought,” he said.
“问题的规模比我们想象的更严重，”他说。
Mahmood’s Conservative predecessor in the post, Alex Chalk, had reportedly pressed Prime Minister Rishi Sunak to impose similar measures before the election, but was overruled.
据报道，马哈茂德的保守党前任亚历克斯·乔克(Alex Chalk)曾在选举前敦促总理里希·苏纳克(Rishi Sunak)实施类似措施，但遭到否决。
10.predecessor/ˈpriːdɪsesə(r)/ n.前任，前辈；（被取代的）原有事物，前身
11.overrule v.[often passive]to change a decision or reject an idea from a position of greater power （以权力）否定，拒绝，更改决定
SYN override
eg:to overrule a decision/an objection （以权力）推翻决议╱异议
Under Labour’s plans, prisoners who are eligible for automatic release after serving half their sentence will be freed earlier than the normal. The plans involve a temporary reduction of how long prisoners must serve behind bars, from 50 per cent to 40 per cent of their sentence.
根据工党的计划，服刑一半后有资格自动释放的囚犯将比正常情况更早获释。该计划包括暂时减少囚犯的服刑时间，从刑期的 50% 减少到 40%。
12.behind bars 在狱中的
eg:Fisher was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder. 由于被指控犯有谋杀未遂罪，费希尔昨晚进了监狱。
The releases will start in September to give the Prison and Probation Service time to plan.
这些释放将于九月开始，以便监狱和缓刑管理局有时间进行计划。
Mahmood also announced the recruitment of 1,000 additional trainee probation officers by next March.
马哈茂德还宣布，到明年 3 月，将再招募 1,000 名见习缓刑官。
13.probation/prəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ [U]1)(law 律)a system that allows a person who has committed a crime not to go to prison if they behave well and if they see an official (called a probation officer ) regularly for a fixed period of time 缓刑制；缓刑
eg:The prisoner was put on probation . 犯人已获缓刑。
2)a time of training and testing when you start a new job to see if you are suitable for the work 试用期；见习期；考察期
Eg:a period of probation 试用期
3)(NAmE)a fixed period of time during which a student who has behaved badly or not worked hard must improve their work or their behaviour 试读，试读期（为表现未如理想的学生而设）
The total number of prisoners hit over 87,505 on Friday – of whom 83,755 were men – leaving just 1,451 spaces available, official figures showed.
官方数据显示，周五囚犯总数超过 87,505 人，其中 83,755 人是男性，仅剩 1,451 个空位。
Since the start of 2023, the average occupancy rate in men’s prisons had “routinely been higher than 99 per cent”, according to the ministry of justice.
据司法部称，自 2023 年初以来，男子监狱的平均入住率“一贯高于 99%”。
Officials say the prison system needs a buffer of around 1,425 cell spaces in men’s prisons at all time to deal with sudden influxes of inmates.
官员们表示，监狱系统在男子监狱中始终需要约 1,425 个牢房空间作为缓冲，以应对突然涌入的囚犯。
14.influx/ˈɪnflʌks/ n.[usually sing.]~(of sb/sth)(into...) the fact of a lot of people, money or things arriving somewhere（人、资金或事物的）涌入，流入
Eg:a massive/sudden influx of visitors 游客的大量╱突然涌入
Six new prisons to create an extra 20,000 places are being built – of which about 10,000 will be ready by the end of next year.
六座新监狱正在建设中，可容纳额外 20,000 个座位，其中约 10,000 个将在明年年底前完工。
The Prison Governors’ Association (PGA) said it welcomed the speed of the new measures while demanding a “full review” and that “the public must never be placed in this position again”.
监狱长协会（PGA）表示，它对新措施的速度表示欢迎，同时要求进行“全面审查”，并且“绝不能再次将公众置于这种境地”。
PGA chairman Mark Fairhurst said the measures would free up around 4,500-5,000 more spaces and give prisons around 12 to 18 months before further steps would be needed.
PGA 主席马克·费尔赫斯特 (Mark Fairhurst) 表示，这些措施将腾出约 4,500-5,000 个额外空间，并为监狱提供约 12 至 18 个月的时间，然后才需要采取进一步措施。
Meanwhile Prison Reform Trust chief executive Pia Sinha said ministers “had the good sense to listen to the advice of its officials and introduce further emergency measures”.
与此同时，监狱改革信托基金首席执行官皮亚·辛哈(Pia Sinha)表示，部长们“明智地听取了官员的建议，并采取了进一步的紧急措施”。
---★---
原文：
UK to release thousands of inmates, with overcrowded prisons at ‘breaking point’
SCMP
Thousands of prisoners are to be released early from September to prevent the “collapse” of the prisons system, the UK’s new justice minister announced on Friday.
Shabana Mahmood said failure to do so risked the “total breakdown of law and order”, with just 700 places left for men, and jails operating at 99 per cent capacity since 2023.
England and Wales have the highest per capita prison population in western Europe.
The chief inspector of prisons, Charlie Taylor, said this week that urgent action was required, as prisons were at “breaking point”.
The release initiative would not apply to violent offenders serving more than four years, sex offenders and those in prison for domestic abuse offences as well as those on life sentences.
Mahmood, appointed last week after Labour’s general election win, warned in dramatic language that if prisons ran out of cell space, there could be “van-loads of dangerous people circling the country with nowhere to go”.
“With officers unable to act, criminals could do whatever they want, without consequence. We could see looters running amok, smashing in windows, robbing shops and setting neighbourhoods alight,” she said in a speech at a prison.
“In short, if we fail to act now, we face the collapse of the criminal justice system.”
Mahmood accused the previous Conservative government of a “dereliction of duty” regarding the system.
Her comments echoed Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who earlier told reporters while attending a Nato summit in the United States that the ousted Tories were guilty of “gross irresponsibility”.
“The scale of the problem was worse than we thought,” he said.
Mahmood’s Conservative predecessor in the post, Alex Chalk, had reportedly pressed Prime Minister Rishi Sunak to impose similar measures before the election, but was overruled.
Under Labour’s plans, prisoners who are eligible for automatic release after serving half their sentence will be freed earlier than the normal. The plans involve a temporary reduction of how long prisoners must serve behind bars, from 50 per cent to 40 per cent of their sentence.
The releases will start in September to give the Prison and Probation Service time to plan.
Mahmood also announced the recruitment of 1,000 additional trainee probation officers by next March.
The total number of prisoners hit over 87,505 on Friday – of whom 83,755 were men – leaving just 1,451 spaces available, official figures showed.
Since the start of 2023, the average occupancy rate in men’s prisons had “routinely been higher than 99 per cent”, according to the ministry of justice.
Officials say the prison system needs a buffer of around 1,425 cell spaces in men’s prisons at all time to deal with sudden influxes of inmates.
Six new prisons to create an extra 20,000 places are being built – of which about 10,000 will be ready by the end of next year.
The Prison Governors’ Association (PGA) said it welcomed the speed of the new measures while demanding a “full review” and that “the public must never be placed in this position again”.
PGA chairman Mark Fairhurst said the measures would free up around 4,500-5,000 more spaces and give prisons around 12 to 18 months before further steps would be needed.
Meanwhile Prison Reform Trust chief executive Pia Sinha said ministers “had the good sense to listen to the advice of its officials and introduce further emergency measures”.
- END -
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