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美国总统拜登（Joe Biden）周日（7月21日）宣布退出总统竞选。
中英文对照版本（机器翻译，仅供参考）：
Biden has withdrawn from the US presidential race. What happens next?
CNA
After mounting pressure to abandon his re-election bid, US President Joe Biden did just that on Sunday (Jul 21) and endorsed his vice president Kamala Harris as the Democratic Party's new nominee.
在放弃连任竞选的压力越来越大之后，美国总统乔·拜登在周日（7 月 21 日）就这样做了，并认可副总统卡马拉·哈里斯为民主党的新提名人。
1.mounting pressure 不断增加的压力：指逐渐增加的、越来越大的压力。
2.endorse/ɪnˈdɔːs/ v.1)to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action（公开）赞同，支持，认可
例：I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks. 我真诚地赞同他的话。
2)to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it（在广告中）宣传，代言（某一产品）
3)to write your name on the back of a cheque so that it can be paid into a bank account（在支票背面）签名，背书
4)[usually passive](BrE)to write details of a driving offence on sb's driving licence（在驾驶执照上）记录违章事项
例：You risk having your licence endorsed. 你这样做可能被记录违章。
It's not a done deal for Harris, however, as she still needs the backing of individual party delegates.
然而，对于哈里斯来说，这还不是板上钉钉的事情，因为她仍然需要个别党代表的支持。
3.a done deal 已成定局的计划：一个已经正式安排或达成协议的计划，现在已经确定会发生。
Plus, Biden's decision throws the party into unchartered waters given that the primaries have long ended.
此外，鉴于初选早已结束，拜登的决定使该党陷入了未知的境地。
4.unchartered waters 未知领域：指没有经验或了解的新领域或情况。
Here's a look at what could happen next.
下面来看看接下来会发生什么。
What are the rules?
To designate a formal nominee, pledged delegates chosen from all 50 states, the US capital and overseas territories will attend their party's summer nominating convention to officially anoint a candidate.
为了指定正式提名人，从所有 50 个州、美国首都和海外领土选出的代表将参加各自政党的夏季提名大会，正式指定候选人。
5.anoint/əˈnɔɪnt/ v.~sb/sth(with sth)to put oil or water on sb's head as part of a religious ceremony 傅，涂（圣油、圣水）
例：The priest anointed her with oil. 神父为她傅油。
These delegates are typically party activists, local political leaders or early supporters of a particular presidential candidate. They arecommitted to voting for the candidate state voters chose in the primary elections although the rules do not force them to do so.
这些代表通常是政党活动家、地方政治领导人或特定总统候选人的早期支持者。他们致力于投票给初选中选出的候选州选民，尽管规则并不强制他们这样做。
There are also superdelegates who can vote for any candidate they want, regardless of the results of the primary elections. Superdelegates typically serve on the Democratic National Convention or are current or former elected officials.
还有超级代表，他们可以投票给任何他们想要的候选人，无论初选结果如何。超级代表通常在民主党全国代表大会上任职，或者是现任或前任民选官员。
If no candidate gets a majority in the first round of voting, the process moves to a second round where superdelegates would cast their ballots until a nominee is chosen.
如果没有候选人在第一轮投票中获得多数票，该过程将进入第二轮，超级代表将进行投票，直到选出提名人。
It could take several rounds of voting for someone to get a majority and become the nominee.
某人可能需要经过几轮投票才能获得多数票并成为提名人。
There are nearly 4,000 individual delegates and roughly 750 superdelegates this time.
此次个人代表近4000人，超级代表约750人。
What happens now?
Biden has spent the last several months collecting about 3,900 Democratic delegates by winning primary elections in US states and territories.
过去几个月，拜登通过赢得美国各州和领地的初选，赢得了约 3,900 名民主党代表。
That's 99 per cent of the pledged delegates who were set to back him at the convention,scheduled to begin Aug 19 in Chicago.
这是 99% 的承诺代表在定于 8 月 19 日在芝加哥举行的大会上支持他的代表。
Party leaders had previously planned to formally nominate Biden via a virtual roll call ahead of the convention.
政党领导人此前计划在大会前通过虚拟点名方式正式提名拜登。
But by stepping aside, Biden is effectively "releasing" his delegates, potentially sparking a competition among other Democratic candidates to become the nominee.
但通过退位，拜登实际上是在“释放”他的代表，可能会引发其他民主党候选人之间争夺提名的竞争。
If a candidate is able to obtain the majority of the pledged delegates' support in the first ballot of the convention, they would be elected as Biden’s replacement.
如果候选人能够在大会第一轮投票中获得大多数承诺代表的支持，他们将被选为拜登的替代者。
6.ballot/ˈbælət/ 作名词表示1)the system of voting in writing and usually in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held（无记名）投票选举；投票表决
例：The chairperson is chosen by secret ballot . 主席是通过无记名投票选举产生的。
2)(BrE also ballot paper)[C]the piece of paper on which sb marks who they are voting for 选票
例：What percentage of eligible voters cast their ballots ? 有资格的选民中投票的百分比是多少？
3)(the ballot)[sing.]the total number of votes in an election（选举中的）投票总数
例：She won 58.8% of the ballot. 她赢得了投票总数的58.8%。
作动词表示1)~sb(on sth)to ask sb to vote in writing and secretly about sth 要求某人（对某事）无记名投票
例：The union balloted its members on the proposed changes. 工会要求会员对所提议的变革进行无记名投票。
2)to vote secretly about sth 进行无记名投票
例：The workers balloted for a strike. 工人对是否罢工进行无记名投票表决。
Within hours of Biden's announcement, Harris' allies were working the phones - calling delegates and party chairs to get their backing, reported Reuters.
据路透社报道，拜登宣布这一消息后几个小时内，哈里斯的盟友就开始打电话给代表和党主席以获得他们的支持。
This is to ensure she secures the necessary support to shut down any competition.
这是为了确保她获得必要的支持来结束任何比赛。
Has a sitting president ever withdrawn from the race?
现任总统是否曾退出竞选？
President Lyndon Johnson, a Democrat, decided not to seek his party’s nomination for a second full term in March 1968, as protests against the Vietnam War mounted.
1968 年 3 月，随着针对越南战争的抗议活动愈演愈烈，民主党总统林登·约翰逊 (Lyndon Johnson) 决定不再寻求党内提名连任。
He made the surprise announcement in an Oval Office speech.
他在椭圆形办公室演讲中意外宣布了这一消息。
The move was announced far earlier in the campaign than Biden's. Johnson had notsecured enough delegates in party primaries to nail down the nomination.
此举在竞选期间宣布的时间远远早于拜登。约翰逊在党内初选中没有获得足够的代表来确定提名。
7.nail down 1)If you nail down something unknown or uncertain, you find out exactly what it is. 弄清
eg:It would be useful if you could nail down the source of this tension. 如果你能弄清这种紧张情绪的根源，会是有用的。
2)If you nail down an agreement, you manage to reach a firm agreement with a definite result. 确定 (协议)
eg:The Secretary of State and his Russian counterpart met to try to nail down the elusive accord.美国国务卿与俄罗斯外交部长会晤，试图确定这项表述模糊的协议。
-turned that year's convention, also in Chicago, into a political crisis. Protesters were out in the streets and left-leaning delegates were angry at the pro-war stance of party-picked candidate Hubert Humphrey.
-将当年同样在芝加哥举行的大会变成了一场政治危机。抗议者走上街头，左倾代表对党派选出的候选人休伯特·汉弗莱的亲战立场感到愤怒。
Unlike Biden, Johnson hadn’t yet secured enough delegates in party primaries to nail down the nomination.
与拜登不同的是，约翰逊尚未在党内初选中获得足够的代表来确定提名。
Hubert Humphrey, Johnson’s VP, was eventually defeated by Richard Nixon.
约翰逊的副总统休伯特·汉弗莱最终被理查德·尼克松击败。
Following that debacle, states more widely embraced the primary process and conventions have become well-oiled affairs whose outcomes are effectively known in advance.
在那场灾难之后，各国更广泛地接受了初步进程，而大会也已成为运转良好的事务，其结果实际上是可以提前得知的。
8.debacle/dɪˈbɑːk(ə)l/ n.an event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment 大败；崩溃；垮台；灾祸
9.well-oiled adj.谄媚的；平滑的；烂醉的
Who could be the new Democrat nominee?
谁可能成为新的民主党提名人？
Vice President Kamala Harrisis one of the more obvious choices and she received Biden’s “full support and endorsement” on Sunday, a decision that could hold considerable sway for his delegates.
副总统卡马拉·哈里斯是最明显的选择之一，她在周日得到了拜登的“全力支持和认可”，这一决定可能会对他的代表产生相当大的影响。
10.endorsement/ɪnˈdɔːsmənt/ n.1)a public statement or action showing that you support sb/sth（公开的）赞同，支持，认可
例：The election victory is a clear endorsement of their policies. 竞选成功显然是对他们政策的支持。
2)(通常为名人在广告中对某一产品的）宣传，代言
3)(BrE)details of a driving offence written on sb's driving licence（驾驶执照上的）违章记录
11.considerable adj.great in amount, size, importance, etc.相当多（或大、重要等）的
类似表达 significant
例：The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money. 那项工程耗费了相当多的时间和资金。
延伸considerate adj.always thinking of other people's wishes and feelings; careful not to hurt or upset others考虑周到的；为（他人）着想的；体谅的；体贴的
类似表达 thoughtful
例：She is always polite and considerate towards her employees. 她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。
12.sway/sweɪ/ 作名词表示[U]1)a movement from side to side 摇摆；摆动
2)(literary)power or influence over sb统治；势力；支配；控制；影响
例：Rebel forces hold sway over much of the island. 该岛很大一部分控制在叛军手里。
作动词表示1)to move slowly from side to side; to move sth in this way（使）摇摆，摇动
例：The branches were swaying in the wind. 树枝在风中摇曳。
2)[often passive]to persuade sb to believe sth or do sth 说服；使相信；使动摇
类似表达influence
例：He's easily swayed.他很容易动摇。
Harris, 59, was the first Black person and the first woman to serve as California's attorney general and then was the first US senator of South Asian descent.
哈里斯现年 59 岁，是第一位担任加州总检察长的黑人和第一位女性，也是第一位南亚裔美国参议员。
She is now the first woman and first Black vice president.
她现在是第一位女性和第一位黑人副总统。
However, some prominent Democrats, including Barack Obama and Nancy Pelosi, have not publicly given her their endorsement. Her poor approval ratings could also lead the party to look for another solution.
然而，包括巴拉克·奥巴马和南希·佩洛西在内的一些知名民主党人尚未公开表示支持她。她糟糕的支持率也可能导致该党寻找其他解决方案。
In a hypothetical head-to-head match-up, Harris and Trump were tied with 44 per cent support each in a Jul 15 to 16 Reuters/Ipsos poll conducted immediately after the Jul 13 assassination attempt on Trump.
在 7 月 13 日特朗普遇刺事件后立即进行的路透社/益普索民意调查中，哈里斯和特朗普在 7 月 15 日至 16 日进行的民意调查中，假设有一场面对面的对决，哈里斯和特朗普的支持率均是 44%。
13.hypothetical/ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪk(ə)l/ adj.based on situations or ideas which are possible and imagined rather than real and true 假设的；假定的
Eg:a hypothetical question/situation/example 假定的问题╱情况╱例子
14.assassination/əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n.暗杀，行刺
Other options thrown into the mixinclude Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear and Illinois Governor JB Pritzker but their chances so far seem limited at best.
其他选择包括肯塔基州州长安迪·贝希尔（Andy Beshear）和伊利诺伊州州长 JB 普利兹克（JB Pritzker），但迄今为止他们的机会似乎有限。
California Governor Gavin Newsom and Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer, who were seen as strong contenders earlier on, have expressed their support for Harris.
早些时候被视为强有力竞争者的加州州长加文·纽瑟姆和密歇根州州长格雷琴·惠特默都表达了对哈里斯的支持。
Some of these names could be considered for the role of vice president if Harris wins the nomination.
如果哈里斯赢得提名，其中一些名字可能会被考虑担任副总统。
A chance for a third party?
给第三方机会吗？
With Biden dropping out, could a strong third-party hopeful emerge? So far, no independent candidate is posing any danger to the dominant two-party system in the US.
拜登退出后，是否会出现一个强大的第三方候选人？到目前为止，还没有独立候选人对美国占主导地位的两党制度构成任何威胁。
In 1992, Texas billionaire Ross Perot, running as an independent, managed to win nearly 19 per cent of the popular vote.
1992年，得克萨斯州亿万富翁罗斯·佩罗以独立人士身份参选，赢得了近19%的民众选票。
But in the end, because of the way the country's electoral system works, he did not receive a single one of the votes that matter most: those of the 538 members of the Electoral College that ultimately decide the winner.
但最终，由于该国选举制度的运作方式，他没有获得最重要的一张选票：最终决定获胜者的选举团 538 名成员的选票。
What happens to Biden’s campaign cash?
拜登的竞选现金怎么办？
Biden’s campaign had US$96 million on hand when he exited the race. This will now be at Harris’ disposal, giving her a unique advantage, though there is some debate over how readily this money can change hands.
拜登退出竞选时，他的竞选团队手头有 9600 万美元。现在这笔钱将由哈里斯支配，这给了她独特的优势，尽管对于这笔钱易手的容易程度存在一些争议。
A new candidate would not have immediate access to all of Biden’s campaign cash, and would start with a balance of zero.
新候选人将无法立即获得拜登的所有竞选现金，并且一开始的余额为零。
However, donors who already gave the maximum amount to Biden under US campaign finance law would be allowed to contribute to a new nominee - which could allow a replacement other than Harris to fill their coffers faster.
然而，根据美国竞选财务法，已经向拜登提供了最高金额的捐助者将被允许向新的提名人捐款，这可能会让哈里斯以外的替代者更快地填满他们的金库。
Funding is one of the reasons why Harris is widely seen as the front-runner to be the nominee.
资金是哈里斯被广泛视为提名领跑者的原因之一。
15.front-runner n.竞争中的领先者；赛跑中跑在前头的人
Modern presidential campaigns are hugely expensive undertakings, and financial considerations play no small role. Biden’s campaign and the Democratic Party have already spent hundreds of millions of dollars trying to re-elect the Biden-Harris ticket.
现代总统竞选是一项耗资巨大的事业，财务考虑起着不小的作用。拜登的竞选团队和民主党已经花费了数亿美元试图让拜登-哈里斯连任。
16.undertaking/ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ/ n.1)[C]a task or project, especially one that is important and/or difficult（重大或艰巨的）任务，项目，事业；企业
SYN venture
eg:He is interested in buying the club as a commercial undertaking. 他有意购买那个俱乐部作为投资。
2)[C]~(to do sth)|~(that...)(formal)an agreement or a promise to do sth 承诺；保证；许诺；答应
Eg:a government undertaking to spend more on education 政府增加教育经费的承诺
3)/ˈʌndəteɪkɪŋ/ [U]the business of an undertaker 殡仪业；丧葬业
Picking a nominee other than Harris could require spending even more money to introduce a new candidate to voters.
选择哈里斯以外的提名人可能需要花费更多的钱来向选民介绍新的候选人。
---★---
原文：
Biden has withdrawn from the US presidential race. What happens next?
CNA
After mounting pressure to abandon his re-election bid, US President Joe Biden did just that on Sunday (Jul 21) andendorsed his vice president Kamala Harris as the Democratic Party's new nominee.
It's not a done deal for Harris, however, as she still needs the backing of individual party delegates.
Plus, Biden's decision throws the party into unchartered waters given that the primaries have long ended.
Here's a look at what could happen next.
What are the rules?
To designate a formal nominee, pledged delegates chosen from all 50 states, the US capital and overseas territories will attend their party's summer nominating convention to officially anoint a candidate.
These delegates are typically party activists, local political leaders or early supporters of a particular presidential candidate. They arecommitted to voting for the candidate state voters chose in the primary elections although the rules do not force them to do so.
There are also superdelegates who can vote for any candidate they want, regardless of the results of the primary elections. Superdelegates typically serve on the Democratic National Convention or are current or former elected officials.
If no candidate gets a majority in the first round of voting, the process moves to a second round where superdelegates would cast their ballots until a nominee is chosen.
It could take several rounds of voting for someone to get a majority and become the nominee.
There are nearly 4,000 individual delegates and roughly 750 superdelegates this time.
What happens now?
Biden has spent the last several months collecting about 3,900 Democratic delegates by winning primary elections in US states and territories.
That's 99 per cent of the pledged delegates who were set to back him at the convention,scheduled to begin Aug 19 in Chicago.
Party leaders had previously planned to formally nominate Biden via a virtual roll call ahead of the convention.
But by stepping aside, Biden is effectively "releasing" his delegates, potentially sparking a competition among other Democratic candidates to become the nominee.
If a candidate is able to obtain the majority of the pledged delegates' support in the first ballot of the convention, they would be elected as Biden’s replacement.
Within hours of Biden's announcement, Harris' allies were working the phones - calling delegates and party chairs to get their backing, reported Reuters.
This is to ensure she secures the necessary support to shut down any competition.
Has a sitting president ever withdrawn from the race?
President Lyndon Johnson, a Democrat, decided not to seek his party’s nomination for a second full term in March 1968, as protests against the Vietnam War mounted.
He made the surprise announcement in an Oval Office speech.
The move was announced far earlier in the campaign than Biden's. Johnson had notsecured enough delegates in party primaries to nail down the nomination.
- turned that year's convention, also in Chicago, into a political crisis. Protesters were out in the streets and left-leaning delegates were angry at the pro-war stance of party-picked candidate Hubert Humphrey.
Unlike Biden, Johnson hadn’t yet secured enough delegates in party primaries to nail down the nomination.
Hubert Humphrey, Johnson’s VP, was eventually defeated by Richard Nixon.
Following that debacle, states more widely embraced the primary process and conventions have become well-oiled affairs whose outcomes are effectively known in advance.
Who could be the new Democrat nominee?
Vice President Kamala Harrisis one of the more obvious choices and she received Biden’s “full support and endorsement” on Sunday, a decision that could hold considerable sway for his delegates.
Harris, 59, was the first Black person and the first woman to serve as California's attorney general and then was the first US senator of South Asian descent.
She is now the first woman and first Black vice president.
However, some prominent Democrats, including Barack Obama and Nancy Pelosi, have not publicly given her their endorsement. Her poor approval ratings could also lead the party to look for another solution.
In a hypothetical head-to-head match-up, Harris and Trump were tied with 44 per cent support each in a Jul 15 to 16 Reuters/Ipsos poll conducted immediately after the Jul 13 assassination attempt on Trump.
Other options thrown into the mixinclude Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear and Illinois Governor JB Pritzker but their chances so far seem limited at best.
California Governor Gavin Newsom and Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer, who were seen as strong contenders earlier on, have expressed their support for Harris.
Some of these names could be considered for the role of vice president if Harris wins the nomination.
A chance for a third party?
With Biden dropping out, could a strong third-party hopeful emerge? So far, no independent candidate is posing any danger to the dominant two-party system in the US.
In 1992, Texas billionaire Ross Perot, running as an independent, managed to win nearly 19 per cent of the popular vote.
But in the end, because of the way the country's electoral system works, he did not receive a single one of the votes that matter most: those of the 538 members of the Electoral College that ultimately decide the winner.
What happens to Biden’s campaign cash?
Biden’s campaign had US$96 million on hand when he exited the race. This will now be at Harris’ disposal, giving her a unique advantage, though there is some debate over how readily this money can change hands.
A new candidate would not have immediate access to all of Biden’s campaign cash, and would start with a balance of zero.
However, donors who already gave the maximum amount to Biden under US campaign finance law would be allowed to contribute to a new nominee - which could allow a replacement other than Harris to fill their coffers faster.
Funding is one of the reasons why Harris is widely seen as the front-runner to be the nominee.
Modern presidential campaigns are hugely expensive undertakings, and financial considerations play no small role. Biden’s campaign and the Democratic Party have already spent hundreds of millions of dollars trying to re-elect the Biden-Harris ticket.
Picking a nominee other than Harris could require spending even more money to introduce a new candidate to voters.
- END -
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