近日，西北工业大学王松灿教授和昆士兰大学陈鹏博士论述了 CsPbI₃ 和 CsSnI₃ 的相稳定问题的最新研究进展，重点剖析了制备工艺、元素掺杂、界面工程、添加剂工程在 CsPbI₃ 相稳定问题的成功应用及机理探究，并讨论以上经验在 CsSnI₃ 相稳定问题上的应用可能性，为解决 CsSnI₃ 相稳定问题提供理论依据。

• Figure 1. (a) The PCE evolution history of all-inorganic PSCs. (b) Shockley-Queisser limits of perovskites with different compositions (currently highest efficiency achieved marked with stars).

• Figure 2. Schematic illustration of organic-inorganic perovskites MABX₃ (a) and FABX₃ (b) (B = Pb/Sn, X = Br/I or mixed halides) degradation processes under illumination and thermal stress.27 (c) TG-DTA traces (upper panel, dark green and blue color, respectively) during the thermal degradation (heating rate of 20 °C min^-1) of CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Reproduced with permission. 27 Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (d) TGA and DSC data for MASnI₃ (red line) and FASnI₃ (black line). Reproduced with permission.29 Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH. (e-g) Evolution of XRD patterns of MASnI₃, FASnI₃, and CsSnI₃ under thermal annealing at ~90 ℃ in dark. Reproduced with permission. 30 Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry.

• Figure 3. (a) Illustration of crystal structure and phase transition of CsPbI₃ and CsSnI₃ polymorphs. (Orange arrow represents CsSnI₃, green arrow is CsPbI₃.) Reproduced with permission.37 Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. In situ temperature-dependent synchrotron XRD patterns of black CsSnI₃ (b) and CsPbI₃ (c) on heating. Reproduced with permission.37, 38 Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. Frost diagrams for (d) Pb and (e) Sn in standard conditions. Reproduced with permission. 39 Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.

• Figure 4. (a) Schematic diagram of TG (conventional method) and SF deposited perovskite thin films. Reproduced with permission.41 Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH. (b) Perovskite thin films with different treatment schemes. Reproduced with permission.43 Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH. (c) Photographs of control samples and TSSG CsPbI₂Br films annealed at 200 °C and then stored in ambient air for periods ranging from 0 to 9 h.44 Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. (d) Schematic diagram of the MAS strategy and (e) Absorption spectra of encapsulated CsPbI₃ films prepared on the basis of MAS and stability photographs of the films stored at 70%-90% RH for 60 days. Reproduced with permission.49 Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.

• Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of K⁺ doping and (b) Gaussian fitting curves for (100) peaks for Cs_1−xK_xPbI₂Br films. Reproduced with permission.53 Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (c) Schematic crystal structure of CsPbI₂Br based on different ion doping and the stability of InCl₃:CsPbI₂Br at 85 °C under ambient air conditions of 65-75% RH.55 Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. Doped 30% CaMn film with (d) diffraction figure and (e) stability test at 40-60% RH.61 Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. (f) GIWAXS-based investigation of the role of halide elements in the crystallization and phase transition of fully inorganic perovskite.62 Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (g) XRD spectra and (h) photovoltaic parameters at room temperature and 20% RH of CsPbBrI_2−xF_x films.65 Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2018, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

• Figure 6. (a) Schematic diagram of perovskite growth on SnO₂ and SnO₂-SnS₂ substrates. Reproduced with permission.68 Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (b) OTG-based perovskite devices with the phase stabilization mechanism. Reproduced with permission.70 Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH. (c) Charge density diagram and (d) migration energy figure of FAI-passivated perovskite surface. Reproduced with permission.71 Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (e) XRD pattern and (f) UV-vis spectra of pristine-CsPbI₃ and PPDI-CsPbI₃ aged 30 d. Reproduced with permission.73 Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. (g) Schematic diagram of the working mechanism by EMIMHSO₄ and (h) XRD pattern based on CsPbI₃, CsPbI₃-EMIMBF₄ and CsPbI₃-EMIMHSO₄ perovskite thin films kept at 35 ± 5% RH, 80 °C for 24 h. Reproduced with permission.82 Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH. (i) XRD patterns of Ref and EAL-CsPbI₃ target films. Reproduced with permission.83 Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH.

• Figure 7. (a) Color map showing the relative free energy between γ- and δ-phases with MA and Br mixing, ΔΔF (= ΔF_f(γ) – ΔF_f(δ)). The phase transition line is the line satisfying ΔΔF = 0 (black solid line). Reproduced with permission.92 Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) ¹³C NMR spectra of pristine CPT, SnI₂-CPT, and CsI-SnI₂-CPT samples in DMSO-d₆ solution. Reproduced with permission.93 Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Absorbance spectrum of CsSnI₃ + 10% SnCl₂ films. Reproduced with permission.94 Copyright 2016, Nature Springer. (d) Charge density of perovskite film surface with antisite SnI defects and passivated by DMKO.95 (e) Proposed possible mechanism of hydrazine vapor reaction with Sn-based perovskite materials. Reduction process: 2SnI₆^2- + N₂H₄ → 2SnI₄^2- + N₂ + 4HI. Reproduced with permission.96 Copyright 2017, American Chemistry Society. (f) Schematic representation of the two-step temperature annealing process of B-γ-CsSnI₃ thin films. Reproduced with permission.93 Copyright 2022, American Chemistry Society.

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