🖱可以先看视频了解"黄金策略“，再看以下关于”所指/能指“的中英文字
Alright, folks, let's dive into the wild world of language learning, but let’s keep it real and sprinkle in a bit of humor, shall we? So, there was this student from Hunan Yali High School who got me thinking about something pretty neat in language learning: "signifiers" and "signifieds." Sounds fancy, right? But stay with me—it's actually pretty cool once you get the hang of it.哈喽，宝子们，让我们一起进入语言学习的奇妙世界。但在这个过程中，我们要保持真实，保持幽默，好吗？我有一位毕业于湖南雅礼高中的一个学生，他的托福词汇学习反馈让我想起语言学习中一对非常有趣的概念：“能指”和“所指”。听起来很高大上，对吧？但请跟着我，一旦你掌握了它，会豁然开朗。Ferdinand de Saussure, a big shot in the world of linguistics, came up with this idea. He split words into two parts: the "signifier" (basically, the word itself) and the "signified" (what pops into your head when you hear that word). Imagine someone talking about "pizza." The word "pizza" is the signifier, and that delicious, cheesy goodness you're picturing? That's the signified. Saussure's point is that we shouldn't just get stuck on the word. Or, as a famous quote put it, “When a wise man points at the moon, the imbecile examines the finger.” So don't just stare at the finger pointing to the moon, you'll miss all the lunar beauty.语言学界的大佬费迪南德·索绪尔提出了这个二分法。他将词汇分为两个部分：“能指”（基本上就是词本身）和“所指”（你听到那个词时脑海中浮现的东西）。想象有人谈论“披萨”。“披萨”这个词是能指，而你想象中的那块美味、芝士四溢的披萨就是所指。索绪尔认为，我们不应该只停留在词汇这个抽象符号上。正如一句名言所说：“当智者指月，愚者仅观指尖。”所以，不要只盯着指向月亮的手指，否则你会错过所有的月亮之美。This concept is a game-changer for language learners, especially for those who feel like they're just memorizing a shopping list of words and grammar rules. It's not just about swapping an English word for its Chinese counterpart or vice versa; it's about getting to the juicy stuff—the real-life context and the stories behind the words.这个概念对语言学习者来说是革命性的，特别是对那些感觉自己只是在记忆单词和语法规则的购物清单的人来说。这并不是将一个英语单词对应它的中文意思，或反过来，就像函数中的映射一样；而是要深入到那些可口多汁的东西——真实生活的语境和词汇背后的故事。![]()
Stephen Krashen, another language guru, tossed in his two cents with the "Input Hypothesis." He basically said that to really get a language, you need to stuff your brain with loads of quality content. This is absolutely true, but not nearly enough. Having input alone is like trying to learn to cook by just reading the ingredients list without ever actually tasting the food. Not going to happen, right?另一位语言大师斯蒂芬·克拉申，用他的“输入假说”加入了他的看法。他的假说大致上说，要真正掌握一门语言，你需要向大脑中输入大量的优质内容。这绝对正确，但远远不够。仅有输入就像尝试通过仅仅阅读食材列表来学习烹饪，而从未实际尝试食物一样。这不可能做出好的烹饪，对吧？![]()
So don’t stop there, let's not forget our buddy Lev Vygotsky, who talked about the "Zone of Proximal Development." This fancy term is just a way of saying that learning with a little help from your friends (or teachers) can push you to achieve more than flying solo. It's like when you're trying to lift weights at the gym, and having a spotter helps you pump out that one last rep you thought was impossible.所以，不要就此停步，我们还不能忘记我们的朋友列夫·维果茨基，他谈到了“近端发展区”。这个高大上的术语只是一种说法，意味着在朋友（或老师）的小帮助下学习，可以推动你实现比一个人自学语言更多的成就。就像你在健身房训练举重，有个教练在旁边能帮助你突破极限，完成了你认为不可能完成的最后一次举重。So, what's the takeaway from our linguistic joyride? First off, ditch the idea that language learning is just memorizing words and grammar rules. It's more like exploring a new city than doing your math homework. You've got to dive into the culture, the books, the movies—get lost in the streets of the language, so to speak.那么，从语言学习快乐之旅中，我们可以得到什么启示呢？首先，一定要放弃语言学习只是记忆单词和语法规则的想法。它更像是探索一座新城市，而不是做数学题。你必须深入到文化、书籍、电影中去——主动让自己迷失在语言的城市街道上。![]()
And let's keep it light-hearted. Remember, every Shakespeare play was once new, and even he had to learn his ABCs. So, as you embark on this linguistic adventure, remember to look beyond the signifiers and dive into the rich, cheesy, delightful world of the signified. Who knows? You might just find the language learning journey is more about enjoying the scenery than reaching the destination. Cheers to that!让我们同时保持学习的轻松愉快。记住，每一部莎士比亚的戏剧都曾是新的，即使莎士比亚本人也不得不学习ABC。因此，当你踏上这场语言冒险时，记得要看得比“能指”更远，深入到丰富、美味、令人愉快的所指世界中去。谁知道呢？你可能会发现，语言学习之旅更多的是享受风景，而不仅仅是达到目的地。为此干杯！![]()
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老师简介
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向杨，芝加哥大学社会学博士候选人。四川大学生物技术基地班本科，芝加哥大学政治学与社会学硕士。“羊说”公众号创办人，专访众多政治、社会、文化界领袖。十三年持续从事英语教学和管理。
