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© Adrien Williams
由ACDF建筑事务所打造的LINK是一座位于蒙特利尔市中心的19层公寓楼,旨在满足日益增长的学生住房需求,其建筑风格彰显了肖尼西村的历史建筑遗产。
建筑师没有选择简单拆除状况非常糟糕的既有建筑,而是利用这一契机来彰显当地的建筑遗产。保留下来的外墙被公认为有助于加强建筑与公共区域间的联系,并致敬社区的历史和共同记忆。
© Adrien Williams
由于历史原因,维多利亚风格的建筑成为肖尼西村的特色。随着时间的推移,其中许多建筑被拆除,取而代之的是上世纪中叶建造的灰色混凝土塔楼,构成了小林肯街的主要景观。在这片小街道中间,仅存三座见证了当地维多利亚时代历史的老建筑。
“蒙特利尔对建筑与公共领域的互动非常关注,已被联合国教科文组织授为设计之城,”ACDF总裁Maxime-Alexis Frappier表示,“构建对话是首要目标,同时还要在当代塔楼和肖纳西村维多利亚时代的建筑语言之间建立联系。”
© Adrien Williams
由于现有的三座建筑破旧不堪,开发商最初想要将其完全拆除,之后再委托ACDF设计一个独特的项目。事务所发现原建筑只有外墙可以保留,这是一个重大的难题。
“只保留外墙是否意味着该项目将成为所谓的立面主义做法的一员,反而因此受到社区的谴责?由于建筑破旧不堪,完全拆除是否是一种更合适的智慧而专业的方式?” Frappier和他的团队问道。
最终ACDF认为,历史爱好者、当地居民和路人会更乐意看到这些见证了历史的建筑得到保护,而对社区来说部分保护的方法更为大度。
© Adrien Williams
ACDF非常重视这些历史见证者象征的价值,利用他们在修复历史建筑方面的丰富经验以及致力于推广更具情境感的建筑的承诺,在初期就开展了多项技术和概念前研究,以证实对三座计划拆除的建筑进行全面或部分修复在技术和财务上的可行性。尽管实施起来非常复杂,需要增加成本,并且会降低项目效率,但事务所很快就确立了保留维多利亚式外墙的理由。
“这样的修复任务可为开发商带来可观的投资回报,更重视环境和建筑遗产的方法对社区的贡献也更大,因此对于这个住宅租赁项目的营销能够提供非常有趣的助力,” Frappier解释说。
© Adrien Williams
作为场地营造者应先考虑到对社区的贡献,ACDF开发了一个高密度项目来保护和恢复三个历史遗迹的外观。塔楼的位置远离现有立面,以保护原有的建筑模式。
© Adrien Williams
ACDF为塔楼提出了一种独特的建筑表达方式。塔楼的外观是由各种被重新诠释的天窗组成的拼贴组合,就像一幅图画彰显着当地的丰富历史。山墙、低拱形和矩形开口并列,形成了一种融合性构图,有助于为林肯街这一小段的城市空间注入活力,该部分主要分布着朴素的后现代主义混凝土塔楼。略微突出的黑色花岗岩框架增强了构图的质感,而预制混凝土外壳的矿物质感则致敬了邻近的其他塔楼。
每扇窗户内是卧室或客厅,附带或不设阳台。窗户几乎与客厅等宽,打造出更开阔的空间感,让标志性的皇家山美景尽收眼底。
© Adrien Williams
由于邻近四所大学校园,这里已成为一个特别适合学生的居住社区。鉴于建筑成本大幅上涨、房地产开发成本以及学生客群的财务能力有限,ACDF设计了一个旨在降低人均建筑成本的项目。
© Adrien Williams
为了实现这一目标,建筑师提出由狭窄空间组成的公寓方案,从而最大限度地提高了项目的体积紧凑性,即外部围护结构的表面积与内部生活空间的比例。虽然这样导致房间较窄,但其配置能够充分满足学生的居住需求。除了大幅降低人均建筑成本外,这种方法还减少了运营成本(供暖、空调、维护等),从而降低了长期租赁成本,这对目标客户群来说颇具吸引力。
© Adrien Williams
LINK公寓的19层空间涵盖了122套单间、一居室、两居室和三居室单元,以及屋顶露台、健身房、大堂休息空间和公共区域,所有区域的设计和布局均致力于鼓励会面和交流。主入口的标志是对三个经过修复的历史建筑立面之一的精确现代的干预。整洁的入口大厅使用了具有金属感的材料,形成了一种反射效果,丰富了该场所的吸引力。在另外两个立面后方,可以通过修复后的外部楼梯和前院进入住宅单元。
© Adrien Williams
修复后的历史立面、前院、住宅楼梯、入口门槛和塔楼立面上的图案组合,为步行空间带来了丰富活力的元素,给这个急需人性化尺度的地区注入了亲人体验。
© Adrien Williams
LINK项目将过去与现在的建筑风格相融合,体现出一种尊重城市和环境的开发方式,同时通过其独特风格为步行空间和周围环境注入活力,体现出责任感、担当及贡献。
随着项目的成功完成,ACDF期待其以自己的方式在开发商中推广建筑遗产,提倡私人开发项目采取更尊重的做法。
© Adrien Williams
“为了应对加拿大普遍存在的住房危机,加拿大可能会前所未有地加快审批建筑许可,鼓励住宅项目的建设。在这种背景下,我们认为必须强调对建筑和城市有贡献的私人项目的重要性。”Frappier强调说。
© Adrien Williams
© ACDF Architecture
LINK, a 19-story apartment tower in the heart of downtown Montreal, was designed by ACDF Architecture to meet the growing demand for student housing. LINK is distinguished by an architecture that celebrates the historic built heritage of Shaughnessy Village.
Rather than choosing the easy path of completely demolishing the existing buildings, which were in very poor condition, the architects chose to embrace the opportunity to celebrate their heritage. The consensus was that the preserved facades would not only contribute to the link between the building and the public realm, but would also pay homage to the community's historical and collective memory.
© Adrien Williams
Historically, Shaughnessy Village was characterized by a strong presence of Victorian-style buildings, many of which were demolished over time in lieu of grey concrete towers built in the middle of the last century that now dominate the landscape of Little Lincoln Street. In the middle of this small stretch, only three old buildings still bear witness to the area's Victorian past.
“Montreal is designated as a UNESCO Design City, with a strong focus on architecture that interacts with the public realm,” notes ACDF President Maxime-Alexis Frappier. “Establishing that dialogue was a priority, as well as creating a connection between the contemporary tower and the architectural language of the Victorian-era of Shaughnessy Village.”
© Adrien Williams
Given the dilapidated state of the three existing buildings, their complete demolition had initially been envisaged by the developers before entrusting ACDF with the mandate to design a distinctive project. The firm concluded that only the façades could be preserved which presented a major dilemma.
"Did preserving only the façades necessarily mean that the project would be part of a so-called facadism approach, then rather denounced by the community? Would complete demolition, justified by the dilapidated state of the buildings, be a more appropriate intellectual and professional posture?” asked Frappier and his team.
At the end of the day, ACDF reasoned that history buffs, local residents, and passers-by would be happier to see such witnesses to the past preserved, and that a partial preservation approach would be more generous to the community.
© Adrien Williams
Sensitive to the symbolic value of these historical witnesses, and drawing on their extensive experience in the rehabilitation of heritage buildings, and their commitment to promoting a more contextual architecture, ACDF initially carried out several technical and pre-conceptual studies to demonstrate the technical and financial viability of a complete or partial rehabilitation of the three buildings slated for demolition. The firm quickly established their case for maintaining the Victorian facades, despite the complexity of such an implementation, the additional costs involved, and the loss of programmatic efficiency.
“Such a rehabilitation mission can generate an interesting return on investment for developers, and this approach, more sensitive to the context and built heritage, would have the merit of being much more contributive to the community, and thus a very interesting asset for the marketing of this residential rental project,” explains Frappier.
© Adrien Williams
As creators of places that must first and foremost contribute to their communities, ACDF developed a high-density project that preserves and restores the three heritage facades. The tower is positioned well back from the existing facades, so as to preserve the original building templates.
© ACDF Architecture
ACDF proposed a unique architectural expression for the tower. The result of a quilt-like assembly of various reinterpreted dormers, the tower's facade acts as a pictorial tableau celebrating the area's rich history. Gabled, low-arched, and rectangular openings are juxtaposed to create an amalgamated composition that contributes to animating the urban space of this small section of Lincoln Street, which is mainly defined by austere, post-modernist concrete towers. A slightly projecting black granite frame enhances the composition's pictorial quality, while the mineral quality of the precast concrete envelope pays homage to the neighboring towers.
Each window corresponds to a bedroom or living room, with or without a balcony. Almost as wide as the living rooms they enliven, the windows broaden perceptions of space and frame exterior views towards emblematic Mount Royal.
© ACDF Architecture
Situated in close proximity to four university campuses, the area has emerged as a neighbourhood particularly geared towards student residents. In light of skyrocketing construction costs, unfavorable financing costs for real estate developments, and the limited financial capacity of the student clientele, ACDF designed a project with the objective of reducing its per capita construction costs.
© Adrien Williams
To achieve that goal, the architects proposed apartments composed of very narrow spaces, thus maximizing the volumetric compactness of the project, i.e. the proportional ratio between the surface area of the exterior envelope and the interior living spaces. Although the result is much narrower rooms, their configuration responds very adequately to the needs of its student residents. In addition to considerably reducing per capita construction costs, the approach has reduced operating costs (heating, air-conditioning, maintenance, etc.) and, consequently, long-term rental costs, which is an attractive benefit for the targeted clientele.
© Adrien Williams
LINK comprises 122 studio, one, two, and three-bedroom apartments over 19 floors, as well as a roof terrace, a gym, a lobby lounge, and common areas designed and furnished to encourage meetings and exchanges. The main entrance is marked by a punctual, contemporary intervention in one of the three rehabilitated heritage facades. The uncluttered entrance hall uses materials with metallic attributes, creating a play of reflections that enrich the inviting character of the premises. Behind the other two facades, residential units are accessible from the restored exterior staircases and their front courtyard.
© Adrien Williams
The richness of the restored heritage facades, the front courtyards, the residential staircases, the entrance threshold, and the pictorial quilt on the tower facade are all elements that contribute to the liveliness of the pedestrian space, breathing human-scale experiences into an area sorely in need of them.
© Adrien Williams
By fusing past and present architectural styles, the LINK project embodies an approach to development that is sensitive to its urban environment, as well as responsible, affordable, and contributive through its distinctive architecture that enlivens both the pedestrian space and its surrounding environment.
© ACDF Architecture
With the successful completion of the project, ACDF hopes that it will contribute, in its own way, to the promotion of heritage among developers, and thus encourage more respectful practices in private development projects.
“On the eve of a possible unprecedented acceleration in the granting of building permits to encourage the construction of residential projects in response to the housing crisis prevailing across Canada, we feel it is essential to emphasize the importance of creating private projects that contribute from an architectural and urban point of view,” emphasizes Frappier.
© Adrien Williams
© ACDF Architecture
Client: Brivia
Location: Shaughnaussy Village, Montréal, QC
Completion: 2022 september-october
Area: 104 326 p2
Budget: 27.3 millions
General Contractor: Group Brivia
Architect: ACDF Architecture
Architectural Project Team: Maxime-Alexis Frappier, Joan Renaud, Alain Desforges, Eric Milette, Martin Champagne, Laurent Bélisle, Christelle Montreuil Jean-Pois
Structural Engineer: Sylvain Parr & Associés inc.
Mechanical and Electrical Engineers: Équipe SP inc.
Interior design: ACDF
Project Manager: Développement résidentiel Lincoln
Contractor: Sidcan
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