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© Donald McCann
日前，贝尔法斯特中央火车站迎来了首批乘客。作为新的多式联运总站开通了公交服务，待本月晚些时候铁路站台开放后，这里将成为爱尔兰岛上最大的综合交通设施，为全岛即将展开的公共交通设施方面的更新树立了新标准。
作为贝尔法斯特正在进行的城市复兴的一部分，由John McAslan + Partners贝尔法斯特设计事务所与Arup和Juno为Translink共同设计的综合交通枢纽，不仅提供了最先进的交通设施，还为这座城市打造了一个温馨的新门户。
贝尔法斯特中央火车站取代了原有的Europa巴士中心和大维多利亚街火车站，预计每年可满足约2000万名乘客的出行需求；其设计受到该市丰富的工业遗产的启发，具备满足未来增长需求的适应性。车站大厅面积为7500 平方米，比旧设施大10倍以上，另外零售空间面积达2000平方米。除了交通功能外，中央车站还旨在成为人们聚会、购物、就餐和社交的首选目的地。
位于占地9公顷的旧铁路站场上，在达勒姆街和格罗夫纳路环绕下的中央火车站的门户式设计，让人联想到以工程为主导的建筑，这些是铁路建筑的典型特征，例如重复的龙门架和维多利亚时代铁路终点站的规模。车站围绕高效的无台阶单层布局，一侧是公交运营点，另一侧是铁路站台。
车站的设计还从当地发展的代表——前亚麻厂中汲取灵感，对超大尺度、重复的工业建筑形式予以呼应，其引人注目的锯齿形屋顶和外露的桁架结构，让人想起在20世纪70年代被拆除的原大维多利亚街车站。横跨综合设施的大型玻璃北窗，将自然光引入下方的大厅。
正立面被建筑张力十足的柱廊环绕，戏剧性的弧形拱腹突显了车站入口，迎接乘客们的到来。夜晚在灯光的渲染下，拱腹照亮了车站并进一步激活周围的公共领域。主入口还将与明年开放的Saltwater Square相连通。
设计尽量减少了室内的柱子数量，大宽度的桁架营造出开阔清晰的空间感，让路线更便利直观。Translink巴士和铁路运营，无论是后方运营设施还是公众面，都以中轴线展开，并衬有玻璃面板和抛光石膏。周边包括零售、卫生间和客户支持办公室在内的乘客设施，激活了整片区域。
可持续性一直是整个设计中不可或缺的一部分。被动通风和经过深思熟虑的朝向，最大限度地减少了车站内的运输烟雾，将电动百叶窗策略性融入排风系统，提供了舒适的室内环境。锯齿形屋顶的南面支撑着光伏板，为交通网络的进一步电气化提供了保障。项目尽可能采用本地材料以降低碳排放，上方结构的制造地距离现场不到20英里。
© Donald McCann
The fabric of the city transformed as Belfast opens its new Grand Central Station - a major new civic landmark for the capital city
Belfast Grand Central Station has welcomed its first passengers with bus services now operating from the new multi-modal terminus, set to be the largest integrated transport facility on the the island of Ireland when the rail platforms open later this month. The station sets a new standard for the forthcoming renewal of public transport infrastructure and connectivity across the island.
The integrated transport hub has been designed by John McAslan + Partners Belfast Design Studio in collaboration with Arup and Juno for Translink as part of Belfast's ongoing urban regeneration, providing not only state-of-the-art transit facilities but also a welcoming new front door to the city.
Inspired by the city's rich industrial heritage, Belfast Grand Central Station has replaced the current facilities at Europa buscentre and Great Victoria Street railway stations and is expected to cater for around 20 million passenger journeys annually with flexibility for future growth. Configured around a 7,500 sq m station concourse, over 10 times larger than the facilities it replaces, with a further 2,000 sq m of retail. Beyond transport,Grand Central Station is intended to act as an prime location for people to meet, shop, dine and socialise.
Located on a 9ha site of former railway yards, and bounded by Durham Street and Grosvenor Road, the expressed portalised design evokes engineering-led structures which typify railway architecture such as repeating gantries and the scale of Victorian railway terminii. It is arranged around an efficient step-free, single level with bus operations to one side, and rail platforms on the other.
The station’s design also draws inspiration from the former linen mills that characterised the development of the local area, echoing the oversized, repeating forms of industrial architecture with a striking, exaggerated sawtooth roof and exposed truss structure reminiscent of the original Great Victoria Street station that was demolished in the 1970's. Large glazed northlights span the unified amenities and introduce natural light to the concourse below.
An architecturally impactful colonnade wraps around the front facing elevations, with a dramatic swept soffit signifying the entrances to the station and welcoming passengers. At night, the soffit is washed with light, illuminating the station and further animating the surrounding public realm. The main entrance will be via Saltwater Square when it opens next year.
Inside, column numbers have been kept to a minimum, with large truss spans to create an experience of openness with clear sightlines, making wayfinding inutitive. The Translink bus and rail operations, both back-of-house and public facing, are brought together around a central spine and lined with glazed panels and richly polished plaster, activating its perimeter with passenger facilities including retail, restrooms and a customer support office.
Sustainability has been an integral part of the design throughout. Passive ventilation and considered orientation minimises transport fumes within the station with actuated louvres incorporated strategically to exhaust while providing comfortable interior conditions. The southerly aspect of the sawtooth roof supports photovoltaic panels and provision has been built-in for any further electrification of the transport network. Wherever possible local materials have been sourced to minimise carbon mileage with the superstructure fabricated less than 20 miles from the site.
© John McAslan + Partners
Client: Translink and the Department for Infrastructure
Architect + Masterplanner: John McAslan + Partners
Engineer: Arup
Planning: Juno
Contractor: Farrans Sacyr
Size: 8 hectares
Year: 2024
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