2023年新课标全国II卷
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
黄石国家公园全年提供多种的护林员活动。以下是今年夏天护林员活动的描述。
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
体验黄石野生动物(5月26日至9月2日)
无论你是在野外徒步旅行，露营，还是只是在路边欣赏公园里令人惊叹的野生动物，这个快速讲座班是为你和你的家人准备的。学习在哪里寻找动物以及如何安全地享受您的野生动物观赏体验。在 Canyon Village Store集合。
workshop n.讲座班；研讨会；工作坊
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
少年护林员野生动物奥林匹克(6月5日至8月21日)
孩子们可以测试他们的技能，并将他们的能力与黄石公园的动物进行比较。你可根据自己计划决定停留时间的长短。在 Visitor Education Center前集合。
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
艺术点峡谷讲座(6月9日至9月2日)
从经典的视角出发，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷令人叹为观止的景色，同时了解该地区的自然和人文历史。了解为什么艺术家和摄影师不断地被吸引到这个特殊的地方。在 Artist Point on the South Rim Drive较低的平台上集合，并进行简短的谈话。
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
摄影工作坊(6月19日及7月10日)
提高您的摄影技巧——加入黄石公园摄影师亲身实践计划，激发创新的方式来享受黄石的美丽和奇迹。
6/19 ——瀑布和广角：在Artist Point集合。
7/10 ——野花和白平衡：在Chittenden停车场的Washburn Trailhead集合。
21. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
四个项目中哪一个开始得最早?
A. Photography Workshops.
摄影工作室。
B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
少年护林员野生动物奥运会。
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
艺术家点峡谷讲座。
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
体验黄石野生动物。
【答案】 D
22. What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
在Artist Point的简短谈话是关于什么的?
A. Works of famous artists.
著名艺术家的作品。
B. Protection of wild animals.
保护野生动物。
C. Basic photography skills.
基本的摄影技巧。
D. History of the canyon area.
峡谷地区的历史。
【答案】 D
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
7月10日摄影工作坊的参加者将在哪里集合?
A. Artist Point.
B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store.
D. Visitor Education Center.
【答案】 B
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
对初高中的孩子们来说，翻土、拔草、收白菜听起来很辛苦。起初是这样的，艾比·贾拉米洛（Abby Jaramillo）说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“城市新芽（Urban Sprouts）”学校园艺项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
贾拉米洛（Jaramillo）的学生住的社区不容易找到新鲜食物和绿色空间，快餐店的数量比杂货店多。她说:“孩子们确实带着一袋袋的零食和大瓶的软饮料来学校。”“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。
literally adv. 确实地；真正地
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
“城市新芽（Urban Sprouts）”在两所初中和两所高中开设了课程，课程内容包括动手实验，比如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥的农产品，以及在花园里干活。每年都有几次，学生们会亲自烹饪自己种植的蔬菜，偶尔还会为全校师生制作沙拉。
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
项目评估显示，课程的结果是孩子们吃了更多的蔬菜。贾拉米洛说（Jaramillo）：“我们有学生说，他们回家后和父母谈了谈，现在他们的饮食习惯不同了。”
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对贾拉米洛（Jaramillo）的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们来到外面，”她说，“他们觉得自己很成功。”
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
我们对Abby Jaramillo了解多少?
A. She used to be a health worker.
她曾经是一名卫生工作者。
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
她在一个低收入家庭长大。
C. She owns a fast food restaurant.
她拥有一家快餐店。
D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
她是“城市新芽”的发起人。
【答案】 D
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?
在项目开始时，Jaramillo面临的问题是什么?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
孩子们的父母不信任她。
B. Students had little time for her classes.
学生几乎没有时间上她的课。
C. Some kids disliked garden work.
一些孩子不喜欢园艺工作。
D. There was no space for school gardens.
没有空间给学校花园。
【答案】 C
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
以下哪一项最好地描述了该计划的影响？
A. Far-reaching.
影响深远。
B. Predictable.
可预见的。
C. Short-lived.
一时的。
D. Unidentifiable.
无法辨认。
【答案】 A
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
什么样的标题适合这篇文章？
A. Rescuing School Gardens
拯救学校花园
B. Experiencing Country Life
体验乡村生活
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers
蔬菜种植爱好者
D. Changing Local Landscape
改变当地的景观
【答案】 C
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》是一件常见之物的庆典——书，在这里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品。历史上读者的形象，在我们所知的书籍出现之前的艺术作品中就有了。艺术家呈现书籍和读书的情景，我们看到了超越文化和时间的，人类共通的瞬间。
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
在这本“书籍之书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式，突出了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家或在学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间的关联点。成年人被描绘成独自一人在各种背景中，以不同姿态全神贯注于一本书，陷入沉思或在闲暇时迷失。这些场景可能是几百年前画的，但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的时刻。
relate to 理解并喜欢或对……产生同情
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示人的才智、财富或信仰。在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就是艺术品。近来，随着书籍变得便宜甚至是一次性的，艺术家把书当成艺术作品的原料——把封面、书页甚至整本书改成绘画或雕塑。
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
信息技术不断发展，人们一度被认为印刷页面已经过时。从21世纪来看，印刷书籍肯定是古老的，但它仍然像一个靠电池供电的电子阅读器一样，具有互动性。为了实现它的功能，一本书必须被用户激活：打开封面，分开书页，评论内容，也许记下笔记或给单词加下划线。在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书籍仍然提供了一个完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
这篇课文最有可能出自哪里？
A. An introduction to a book.
一本书的介绍。
B. An essay on the art of writing.
一篇关于写作艺术的文章。
C. A guidebook to a museum.
博物馆指南。
D. A review of modern paintings.
现代绘画评论。
【答案】 A
29. What are the selected artworks about?
所选的艺术品是关于什么的？
A. Wealth and intellect.
财富和智慧。
B. Home and school.
家和学校。
C. Books and reading.
书籍和阅读。
D. Work and leisure.
工作和休闲。
【答案】 C
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
第二段中带下划线的单词“relate to”是什么意思？
A. Understand.
理解。
B. Paint.
画画。
C. Seize.
抓住。
D. Transform.
转变。
【答案】 A
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
作者提到电子阅读器是想说什么？
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
印刷书籍并没有完全过时。
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
科技改变了我们阅读的方式。
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
我们在21世纪的生活是网络化的。
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
人们现在很少有耐心去阅读。
【答案】 A
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是罕见的。
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
过去的研究发现，自然对人类的健康有益，但一项新的研究表明，城市地区的野生环境对人的幸福极其重要。
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
研究小组把重点放在一个大型城市公园上。他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分成不同的类别。例如，一个参与者的“我们坐在沙滩上听了一会儿海浪”的经历被分配到“坐在沙滩上”和“听海浪”的类别。
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
在这320份提交的信息中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对访问者最重要。这些活动包括遇到野生动物，沿着水边散步，沿着一条既定的小路走。
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历，可能会让一个年轻职业人在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受这种更居家的互动形式。
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
“我们试图创造一种语言，帮助将人与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活。为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
作者在文章开头描述了什么现象?
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
袖珍公园现在很流行。
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
在城市里很难找到野生的自然。
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
许多城市人口过剩。
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
人们喜欢亲近自然的生活。
【答案】 B
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
为什么研究人员将参与者提交的信息编码分类?
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
比较不同类型的公园游客。
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
解释为什么公园吸引游客。
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
分析公园的主要特征。
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
在访问者的总结中找到规律。
【答案】 D
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
我们能从第5段给出的例子中了解到什么?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
散步是亲近大自然的最好方式。
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
年轻人太忙了，没有时间与大自然互动。
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
同样的自然体验有不同的形式。
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
自然语言能提高工作绩效。
【答案】 C
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
根据卡恩的说法，在我们与自然互动之前应该做些什么?
A. Language study.
语言学习。
B. Environmental conservation.
环境保护。
C. Public education.
公共教育。
D. Intercultural communication.
跨文化交际。
【答案】 B
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