动词的种类
Where did you put the books?
你把书放哪儿了？
<语法分析>
put为及物动词，这类动词很多，通常都跟有宾语，有些及物动词后可以跟表示人的名词或代词作宾语。不及物动词都不跟宾语，有大部分动词都可兼作及物动词和不及物动词，但词意有时会有所不同。有些双宾动词可跟两个宾语，前面为间接宾语，后面为直接宾语。两个词或三个词在一起构成一个成语，作用和一个单一的动词差不多，成为成语动词。此外，动词还有系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
(1) I couldn't rid myself ____ this melancholy 忧郁 mood.
(2) The plan depends _____ the weather.
(3) The war broke _____ in 1935.
(4) She could not account _____ her absence from school.
(5) Then they got _____ the bus.
(6) I'll try to hurry him _____.
(7) Don't look down _____ this kind of work.
<参考答案>
(1) of (2) on (3) out (4) for (5) off/on (6) up (7) on/upon
<例句>He knows several languages.他懂几国语言。
<语法分析>
这个句子表示现在的情况或状态，是一般现在时的用法，主要表示经常发生或反复发生的动作，还表示永恒的真理等。有很多动词表示一种状态，寄静态动词，常用语一般现在时。还有一些动词表示短暂的动作，可以称作短暂动词，也用于一般现在时态，而不宜用于进行时态。
(1) I hope that you ____[feel] better soon.
(2) I'll just say whatever _____[come] into my head.
(3) I won't write unless she _____[write] first.
(4) Whatever _____[happen], I'm going.
(5) When the waste water from factories _____[be] cleaned and reused, a lot of money is saved.
(6) I _____[be] busy all day tomorrow.
(7) If they are burned, they _____[give] off poisonous gases.
<参考答案>
(1) feel (2) comes (3) writes (4) happens (5) is (6) am (7) will give
<例句> I am busy all day tomorrow. 我明天整天都忙。
<语法分析>
当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，一般现在时可代替将来时态，在以下情况如在时间状语或条件状语从句中，在主句的谓语动词是将来时的定语从句和宾语从句中，在表示比较结构中的比较状语从句中，一般现在时可代替将来时态。在here和there引导的句中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时态。
(1) Her daughter won't go to bed until she ____[finish] her lesson.
(2) I'll write to your mother if you _____[be] not here on time tomorrow.
(3) They'll have an outing at the seaside if the weather _____[permit].
(4) If she won't arrive before eight, there _____[be] no point in ordering dinner for her.
(5) If they are burned, they ____[give] off poisinous gases.
(6) When _____ our school begin?
(7) My brother's birthday _____ in three weeks' time.
(8) It _____ Sunday tomorrow, you know.
(9) There _____[go] the last bus.
<参考答案>
(1) finishes (2) are (3) permits (4) is (5) will give (6) does (7) is (8) is (9) goes
<例句>We lived in London years ago.
多年以前我们住在伦敦。
<语法分析>
一般过去时和一般现在时一样，都可以表示状态、习惯和重复性动作，但一般过去时更多地表示一次性动作，通常要有时间状语。一般过去时所指的时间范围可以包括过去、过去将来以及现在等等。在口语里，可以用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或试探性的态度。
(1) He _____[suggest] my starting the day after tomorrow.
(2) The members _____[call] for a meeting tomorrow.
(3) You are mistaken, I _____[shall] say.
(4) If I _____[have] enough money, I'd buy a new car.
(5) I _____[think] you might go and see him this evening.
(6) She asked the taxi-driver to hurry because her plane _____[leave] at six.
<参考答案>
(1) suggested (2) called (3) should (4) had (5) thought (6) left
<例句> What were you doing when I rang you?我给你打电话的时候你在干吗？
<语法分析>
过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行，而过去的时间可以由一个状语表示出来，有时候时间由上下文表示出来。过去进行时既具有一般过去时的特点，又具有进行时的特点。过去进行时与一般过去时的基本差别是，前者表示一个正在进行的动作，而后者则表示一个已经完成的动作。而且，用进行时态时有时有感情色彩。
(1) Soon all the people of the city _____[talk] of the wonderful cloth.
(2) She _____[come] to see me, but unfortunately she was ill.
(3) He was busy yesterday. He _____[prepare] for the exams.
(4) She lost her purse when she _____[stroll] across a meadow草地.
(5) I asked her to tell me what _____[trouble] her.
(6) I _____[hope] you could reconsider our proposal建议.
<参考答案>
(1) were talking (2) was coming (3) was preparing (4) was strolling (5) was troubling (6) was hoping
<例句> The baby is constantly screaming. 小孩儿总是在尖叫。
<语法分析>
有时为了表示经常性的动作，可以用现在进行时态，这属于现在进行时的特殊用法，该例句就是这种用法。一般而言，现在进行时态表示现在正在进行的动作和短期内的重复性的动作，这种动作是没有结束的、暂时的，而不是一种状态。不是所有的动词都可以用于现在进行时态，例如表示状态和感觉的词等。
(1) He _____[do] fine work at school.
(2) We _____[leave] on Friday.
(3) She looks lovely when she _____[smile].
(4) Suppose it _____[rain] tonight, shall we go?
(5) They _____[spend] the summer at Canada.
<参考答案>
(1) is doing (2) are leaving (3) is smiling (4) is raining (5) are spending
<例句> It is going to take a long time to do this work.
做这件工作要花费很长时间。
<语法分析>
将来时态表示将要发生的事情，可以有很多种表达方式，一般情况下用shall或will构成一般将来时态。该句是用be going to 的形式来表示的一般将来时，其含义是打算要去做某件事或即将发生的某事。这个结构其实等同于will所引导的将来结构，二者是可以互换的。
(1) He's ______[go] to buy a new computer.
(2) We ______ know the result this afternoon.
(3) _____ I do this work?
(4) _____ you tell her I'll be back at six?
(5) I put this apple on the table, so that she _____ see it.
(6) No one is _____ leave this room without my permission.
(7) She's _____ to start.
(8) They are _____ to meet again next week.
<参考答案>
(1) going (2) will (3) Shall (4) Will (5) will (6) to (7) about (due) (8) due (about)
<例句>So far she has done very well at university.
到现在为止她在大学里表现得很不错。
<语法分析>
这个句子属于现在完成时态，表示已发生的事情，这件事情往往与现在的情况有联系。这包括两方面的含义，一方面它指的是现在，包含某个动作的一段时间是从过去的某个时间开始一直到现在，所以这段时间仍属于现在。另一方面，这个动作在不同程度上被完成了，所持续的时间可以到说话时结束，也可以延续下去，这可以由句子中的时间状语来显现。例如本句中的时间状语so far。
(1) _____ you had your supper yet?
(2) She _____ never broken her world.
(3) She's _____ to do some shopping.
(4) I have _____ terribly busy since I have been back.
(5) Have you _____ to leave so soon.
<参考答案>
(1) Have (2) has (3) been (4) been (5) got
<例句>I had thought to return early but they wouldn't let me go.
我本想早点回来的，但他们不让我走。
<语法分析>
在谈及由hope, intend, mean以及think等词所表达的未实现的愿望时，可以用过去完成时态，这是该时态的常见用法。所为过去完成时态就是过去时与完成时的结合，它表示在过去的某个时期或时刻之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，动作或状态的时间一直延伸到过去某个时刻。
(1) She told me that she ______[break] her glasses yesterday.
(2) The bell rang before I ______[complete] my paper.
(3) I _____[think] that he had died at least two years ago.
(4) I _____[hope] to enter a university, but didn't.
(5) The concert was more successful than she _____[think].
(6) She wore the necklace her mother _____[leave] her.
(7) When he _____[sing] his song he sat down.
(8) She told me that she _____[know] me since she was a child.
<参考答案>
(1) had broken (2) had completed (3) has thought (4) had hoped (5) had thought (6) had left (7) had sung (8) had known
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