2023年北京市高考英语试卷
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
国际奥林匹克委员会(IOC)青年领袖计划，选用优秀人才通过体育运动为他们的社区带来积极变化。每两年选出25名青年领袖，为期四年。他们宣扬奥林匹克价值观，传播体育运动带来福祉的理念。
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
要成为国际奥委会青年领袖，你首先需要完成为期四周的冲刺学习。
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
4周冲刺学习
为期4周的冲刺学习是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些课可以现场参加，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看。每个星期，参与者将被要求完成一个对特定主题的思考任务。
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
4周冲刺学习对任何人开放，目标人群年龄在20到28岁之间。
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一个基于体育运动的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与到该项目之中。
Requirements for the Applicants
•You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
•You have completed your high school studies.
•You have at least one year of work experience.
•You have strong public speaking skills.
•You are self-motivated and committed.
•You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
•You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
•You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
申请人的要求
•你已经成功完成了为期4周的冲刺学习。
•你已经完成了高中学业。
•至少有一年的工作经验。
•你有很强的公开演讲能力。
•你有上进心，有责任心。
•你热衷于促使社区中产生积极变化。
•愿意接受专家和同行的指导和建议。
•你能够与不同背景的人一起工作。
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
在为期四周的冲刺学习中，参与者将________。
A. create change in their community
促进他们社区的改变
B. attend a virtual learning programme
参加虚拟学习课程
C. meet people from different backgrounds
认识不同背景的人
D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
促进国际奥委会青年领袖项目
【答案】B
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要________。
A. complete a reflection task each week
每周完成一次思考任务
B. watch sports on the IOC channel
看国际奥委会频道的体育节目
C. work on a sport-based project
做一个以运动为基础的项目
D. coach and advise their peers
指导和建议他们的同龄人
【答案】C
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
对申请人的要求是什么?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good.
传播体育运动带来福祉的理念。
B. Having at least one-year work experience.
有一年以上的工作经验。
C. Showing great passion for project planning.
对项目策划有极大的热情。
D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
致力于成为专家。
【答案】B
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday, I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
正坐在花园里给我朋友过生日时，我感到口袋里有嗡嗡声。当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的:“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了。这个职位，作为本科研究项目的一部分 —— 测量撒哈拉沙漠的土壤质量，感觉就像是我多年来一直都在期盼的答案。
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
我花了那么多时间和精力去申请，我以为被拒意味着我的科学生涯的终结。
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked— and overjoyed— when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
因此，我收到这封邮件后不久，项目负责人玛丽·德文教授邀请我去观察她实验室的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她让我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里进行的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊和欣喜。她的提议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我仍会全力以赴。
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
我最后和一位机器人学教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。那个项目，我可以在我的沙发上完成，而不是在炎热的沙漠中。它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法无法做到的地方发挥了作用。最后，我有了一个新的科学兴趣去追求。
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
当我申请研究生院时，我发现有三个项目有希望让我沿着我想要的研究方向前进。我带着和以前一样焦虑兴奋的心情去申请。当我被一个看起来非常合适的项目拒绝时，无疑是很让人痛苦的。但这一次，我有了正确的视角，使自己不至于陷入恐慌。这对我很有帮助，最终我被另一个我也很感兴趣的项目录取了。
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
我明白了有时候我需要抓住现有的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是去制定一成不变的计划。
词汇：
set in stone 一成不变；板上钉钉的
24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?
作者看到电子邮件发件人的名字时有什么感觉？
A. Anxious. 焦虑担心。
B. Angry. 愤怒。
C. Surprised. 很惊讶。
D. Settled. 尘埃落定。
【答案】A
25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
与德文教授交谈后，作者决定________。
A. criticise the review process
批评审核过程
B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
在撒哈拉沙漠呆久一点
C. apply to the original project again
再次申请最初的项目
D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
他全心全意地投入到实验室工作中
【答案】D
26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
根据作者的说法，与机器人学教授的项目是________。
A. demanding 要求高的
B. inspiring 鼓舞人心的; 启发灵感的
C. misleading 引入歧途的
D. amusing 有趣的
【答案】B
27. What can we learn from this passage?
从这篇文章中我们能学到什么？
A. An invitation is a reputation.
请柬是一种荣誉。
B. An innovation is a resolution.
创新就是决心。
C. A rejection can be a redirection.
遭拒就转个方向。
D. A reflection can be a restriction.
反思有时是一种约束。
【答案】C
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。短期主义体系无法融入长期的因果关系，这导致了一些世界上最严重的问题: 气候变化、生物多样性的浩劫等等。历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔(Francis Cole)认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有当下存在的时代，既是瞬间残酷的当下，又是无尽无聊的当下”。
词汇：
engage with 使融入
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
事实证明，人们偏向于当下，专注于眼前最有吸引力的东西，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、福祉和财务稳定。在商业中，这种偏向表现为目光短浅的决策。而在气候变化等缓慢渐变的问题上，它转化为不愿意在今天做出可能对远期未来产生重大影响的小牺牲。取而代之，事关紧要是下个季度的利润或其他一些短期需求的满足。
词汇：
matter v.事关紧要；要紧
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
这些有偏差的观点不能归咎于一个单一的原因。不过，公平地说，我们的心理偏差起了主要作用。人们对延迟满足的犹豫是最明显的例子，但还有其他的例子。其中之一是关于当前最容易获得的信息如何影响对未来的决策。例如，你可能会听到有人说:“今年冬天很冷，所以我不必担心全球变暖。”另一个原因是，人们过于重视那些重大而紧迫的事情，从而忽视了按理说是重要的长期趋势。这是这样的一个年代：流行歌星吸引的关注远远超过了，比如说，生物多样性逐渐下降引起的关注。
词汇：
arguably adv. 可以说；按理
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
正如一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说的，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派飞船来；他们会制造气候变化。事实上，当涉及到环境变化时，我们可能形成一种集体的“健忘”，每一代新人都可以相信他们所遇到的事情没有什么不寻常的。例如，今天的老年人可能记得有这样一段时光：在长途驾驶后，汽车挡风玻璃上糊满昆虫。换句话说，孩子们不知道昆虫的数量已经急剧下降。
28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
作者引用弗朗西斯·科尔的话主要为了________。
A. draw a comparison
进行比较
B. introduce a topic
引出一个话题
C. evaluate a statement
评估一份报告
D. highlight a problem
强调一个问题
【答案】D
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
从最后一段可以推断出什么?
A. Climate change has been forgotten.
气候变化被遗忘了。
B. Lessons of history are highly valued.
历史的教训是非常重要的。
C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
人类的大脑不善于注意到缓慢的变化。
D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
人类不愿意承认自己的缺点。
【答案】C
30. What does the author intend to tell us?
作者想告诉我们什么?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
有远见的思考对人类很重要。
B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
人类倾向于做出长期的牺牲。
C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
当前的政策有利于未来的决策。
D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
偏重于现在有助于减少近期的欲望。
【答案】A
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
生命是什么?像多数伟大的问题一样，这个问题很容易问，但很难回答。原因很简单：我们只知道一种类型的生命，只用一种样本来做科学研究是很困难的。人工生命领域，简称ALife，是阐明生命基本原理的系统性尝试。人工生命的开发者，即所谓的 ALifers，中有许多人认为以某种方式创造生命是真正理解生命是什么的最可靠的方法。
词汇：
spell out 详细解释
practitioner n.实际工作者；实践者；开发者
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
到目前为止，还没有人被证实制造出人工生命。这样的业绩使得人工生命成为众矢之的，比如，有些人宣称该领域的科学价值仍然存疑。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯(Alan Smith)受够了这样的怨言。他说，询问人工生命的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在意义不是某件东西的用处。”艾伦说，“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么?’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是什么?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
尽管许多人工生命的开发者不喜欢强调他们的研究的应用价值，但创造人造生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报。人工智能可能被认为是人工生命的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都迷恋一种名为“开放式进化”的概念。这是系统创造无尽复杂性的能力，是一种“新奇发生器”。唯一已知的系统是地球的生物圈。如果人工智能领域能够在某种虚拟模型中再现生命无穷无尽的“创造力”，那么同样的原理可能会催生出真正具有创造力的机器。
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
与人工智能的发展相比，人工生命的进步更难被认可。一个原因是，人工生命是这样的一个领域，该领域的核心概念 —— 生命本身 —— 还没有定义。人工生命的开发者之间缺乏共识，对此也无可奈何。其结果是项目的多样化，每个项目都沿着其独有的路径推进。不管怎样，人工生命至少反映了它所研究的主题。它混乱的进程与造就地球生物圈的进化竞争惊人地相似。
词汇：
biosphere n.生物圈
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
人工生命尚无定义，混乱无序，它驱使它的追随者们给旧概念穿上新马甲，摇身一变成了新奇事物。当然，这些特性也许无论如何都不会让人惊讶或奇怪。它们也许普遍适用于所有的进化行为。最终，人工生命可能没什么特别之处。但即便它被这样轻视，它也暗示着什么：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。
词汇：
repurpose v.改换用途
singular adj.奇怪的；异常的；独特的
dismissal n.摒弃；驳回；轻视
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
关于艾伦·史密斯对生命的辩护，作者是________。
A. supportive 支持
B. puzzled 困惑
C. unconcerned 漠不关心
D. doubtful 怀疑
【答案】A
32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
第三段中下划线的“迷恋”这个词最有可能是什么意思?
A. Shocked. 震惊。
B. Protected. 保护。
C. Attracted. 吸引。
D. Challenged. 挑战。
【答案】C
33. What can we learn from this passage?
我们能从这篇短文中学到什么?
A. ALife holds the key to human future.
人工生命是人类未来的关键。
B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
人工生命和人工智能有一个共同特征。
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife.
人工智能反映了人工生命的发展。
D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
人工智能加速了人类进化的进程。
【答案】B
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
哪个是这篇文章最好的标题?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
生活是不确定的。人工智能是出路吗?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
生命在进化。人工智能也能帮助人工生命进化吗?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
生活是不确定的。人工生命终有一天会被定义吗?
D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
生命在进化。创造人工生命的尝试也能进化吗?
【答案】D
往期推荐
名题精选︱湖南省长沙市长郡中学2025届高三上学期月考(二)英语试题和答案
高考英语阅读理解全文翻译——2023年新课标全国I卷
高考英语阅读理解真题全文翻译—2024年新课标II卷
高中英语历年真题高频词汇一篇过
高三才开始努力，还来得及吗？
备考2025高考英语：3000词性转换清单
