2024年新课标I卷
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
栖息地恢复工作队
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
帮助恢复和保护马林（Marin）的自然区域，从马林岬（Marin Headlands）到波利纳斯山脊（Bolinas Ridge）。我们将探索美丽的公园景点，同时进行外来入侵植物的移除、冬季种植工作和收集种子。在山脊和山谷之间，栖息地恢复工作队的志愿者在恢复脆弱的资源和保护濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
GROUPS
小组
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
五人以上的小组需要特别安排，必须提前确认。请审阅可供选择的项目清单，并填写团体项目申请表。
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
年龄，技能，要带什么
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者。请阅读我们为15岁以下青年制定的《青年政策准则》。
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
请带着填写完的《义工同意书》。18岁以下的志愿者必须有家长或监护人在同意栏签字。
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
我们将风雨无阻地工作。穿耐脏的衣服。多带几件衣服以适应天气变化，必要时再带一件雨衣。
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
带上自己的水瓶、防晒霜和午餐。
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
不需要经验。将提供培训和工具。满足社区服务要求即可。
UPCOMING EVENTS
活动预告
Time 时间 | Meeting Location 会面地点 |
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm | Battery Alexander Trailhead |
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm | Stinson Beach Parking Lot |
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm | Coyote Ridge Trailhead |
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
栖息地恢复工作队的目标是什么?
A. To discover mineral resources.
发现矿产资源。
B. To develop new wildlife parks.
开发新的野生动物公园。
C. To protect the local ecosystem.
保护当地生态系统。
D. To conduct biological research.
进行生物学研究。
【 答案 】C
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
加入栖息地恢复工作队的最低年龄限制是多少?
A. 5.
B. 10.
C. 15.
D. 18.
【 答案 】B
23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
志愿者应该会做什么?
A. Bring their own tools.
自带工具。
B. Work even in bad weather.
即使天气不好也要工作。
C. Wear a team uniform.
穿队服。
D. Do at least three projects.
至少做三个项目。
【 答案 】B
B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
词汇：
defensive adj. 防御性的；防守的
holistic adj. 整体治疗的；
herbal adj. 中草药的
“我没有疯，”威廉·法伯医生（Dr. William Farber）在刚刚给一只兔子进行针灸后说。“我走在了时代的前面。”如果他看起来有点像在自我辩解，这可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。但法伯确信他会笑到最后。他是现在从事“整体”医学的美国兽医中的一员，这些兽医将传统的西方疗法与针灸、脊椎按摩和草药结合起来。这类美国兽医人数不多，但正在增加。
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
词汇：
conventional adj. 遵循传统的；依照惯例的
法伯毕业于科罗拉多州立大学(Colorado State University)，最初是一名比较传统的兽医。20年前，当他遭受严重的背部疼痛时，他开始对替代治疗感兴趣。他尝试了放松肌肉的药物，但收效甚微。然后，他尝试了中国古代的针灸疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法也有可能对宠物有效。因此，在学习针灸些技术几年后，他开始给宠物针灸。
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
词汇：
adjustment n.调整；矫正
利·廷代尔（Leigh Tindale）的狗，查理（Charlie ），有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她都着手准备后事了，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她狗的痛苦，她能够让他再活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马，尿布（Nappy），在脊椎按摩矫正后，”移动更容易，骑起来更舒服”。
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
法伯确信，随着时间的推移，整体疗法会越来越受欢迎。如果过去的情况能说明什么，他也许是对的:自1982年以来，美国整体兽医协会的会员人数已经从30人增加到700多人。他说:“有时它的效果如此之好，连我都感到惊讶。”“我愿意尽我所能来帮助动物。这是我的工作。”
词汇：
indication n.指示；迹象
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
法伯的一些同事对他有什么看法?
A. He’s odd.
他很奇怪。
B. He’s strict.
他很严格。
C. He’s brave.
他很勇敢。
D. He’s rude.
他很粗鲁。
【 答案 】A
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
为什么法伯决定在宠物身上尝试针灸?
A. He was trained in it at university.
他在大学里受过信息技术方面的训练。
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
他受到另一位兽医的启发。
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
作为一个病人，他从中受益。
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
他想为宠物主人省钱。
【 答案 】C
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
第三段主要讲了什么?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
脊椎按摩治疗的步骤。
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
兽医工作的复杂性。
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
罕见动物疾病的例子。
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
整体医学的有效性。
【 答案 】D
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
为什么作者提到了美国整体兽医协会?
A. To prove Farber’s point.
为了证明法伯的观点。
B. To emphasize its importance.
强调它的重要性。
C. To praise veterinarians.
赞美兽医。
D. To advocate animal protection.
提倡动物保护。
【 答案 】A
C
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
无论是在屏幕上还是在纸上阅读文本，理解都是一样的吗? 当材料相同时，听和看内容是否与阅读书面文字一样有效? 这两个问题的答案通常都是“不”。其原因与多种因素有关，包括注意力降低、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时一心多用的倾向。
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现。当实验者从简单的任务（如识别阅读文章的主旨）转向需要精神抽象化的任务（如从文本中进行推断）时，纸质阅读的好处尤其明显。
词汇：
abstraction n. 抽象；提取
inference n. 推论；推断
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
印刷和数字阅读结果的差异在一定程度上与纸张的物理性质有关。纸上文字在手上铺展开，可以看到所读页在全书中的位置。人们通常知道他们对读过的内容在什么位置，以及读到了哪里。
词汇：
property n. 属性；财产
distinct adj. 清楚的；显著的；不同的
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
但同样重要的是心理方面。阅读研究者提出了一种叫做“浅层假设”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以对社交媒体的心态对待数字文本，社交媒体往往不那么严肃，比阅读纸质文本花的精力更少。
词汇：
approach v. 应对，处理；靠近，接近
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
音频和视频比文本更有吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地借助于这些技术——比如，布置一次在线演讲，而不是叫人写一篇文章。然而，心理学家已经证明，当成年人阅读新闻故事时，比听或看相同的内容记住的更多。
词汇：
assign v. 布置（任务）
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是在提供印刷材料无法提供的资源时。然而，为了在需要集中精神和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的文字。
词汇：
identical adj.完全相同的
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
第二段中带下划线的短语shine through是什么意思?
A. Seem unlikely to last.
似乎不太可能持续下去。
B. Seem hard to explain.
似乎很难解释。
C. Become ready to use.
准备好使用。
D. Become easy to notice.
变得容易被注意到。
【 答案 】D
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
肤浅假设假设什么?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
读者对数字文本不以为然。
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
数字文本更容易理解。
C. People select digital texts randomly.
人们随机选择数字文本。
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
数字文本适合社交媒体。
【 答案 】A
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
为什么大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频?
A. They can hold students' attention.
它们能吸引学生的注意力。
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
它们更方便准备。
C. They help develop advanced skills.
他们帮助发展高级技能。
D. They are more informative than text.
它们比文本更有信息。
【 答案 】A
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
作者在最后一段暗示了什么?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
学生应该运用多种学习技巧。
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
教师应该制作自己的教材。
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
印刷文本在教育中不能完全取代。
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
不能忽视课堂以外的教育。
【 答案 】C
D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
为了在地球上的物种灭绝之前记录下来，研究人员和民间科学家收集了数十亿份记录。如今，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。尽管它们在探测一个地区的物种数量和多样性方面很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种类型的记录并不完美。
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
这项研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院(Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences)生物学助理教授巴纳巴斯·达鲁(Barnabas Daru)说:“随着科技的崛起，人们在移动应用程序的帮助下很容易观察不同的物种。”“现在，这些观测数据的数量超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来调查物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道: 它们有用吗?”
词汇：
outnumber v. 数目上超过
primary adj. 最初的；主要的
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
达鲁和他的团队利用一个包含19亿个植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
达鲁说:“我们特别在意的是，在采样过程中会产生数据偏差，比如公民科学家更有可能拍下开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”
词汇：
likelihood n.可能性；可能的事
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
他们的研究表明，大量的纯观测记录并不能带来更好的全球覆盖。此外，这些数据是有偏差的，有利于某些地区、时间周期和物种。这是有道理的，因为通过移动设备获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区遇到的物种。这些数据也偏向于某些具有吸引人或具有显著特征的物种。
词汇：
biased adj. 有偏差的
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
对于不完美的生物多样性数据集，我们能做些什么?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
“很多，”达鲁解释说。”生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果告诉用户样本过多的地区，并将他们带到样本 —— 甚至物种 —— 不充足的地方。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励专家来识别确认用户上传的图像。”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
关于现在收集的物种记录，我们知道些什么?
A. They are becoming outdated.
它们正在过时。
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
它们大多是电子形式的。
C. They are limited in number.
他们数量有限。
D. They are used for public exhibition.
它们被用于公共展览。
【 答案 】B
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
达鲁的研究重点是什么?
A. Threatened species.
濒危物种。
B. Physical specimens.
实物标本。
C. Observational data.
观测数据。
D. Mobile applications.
移动应用程序。
【 答案 】C
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
根据这项研究，是什么导致了这种偏差?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
数据分析中的错误。
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
上传图片质量差。
C. Improper way of sampling.
抽样方式不当。
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
不可靠的数据收集设备。
【 答案 】C
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
达鲁对生物多样性应用程序有什么建议?
A. Review data from certain areas.
审查某些领域的数据。
B. Hire experts to check the records.
聘请专家检查记录。
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
确认用户身份。
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
给公民科学家予以指导。
【 答案 】D
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