2023年全国甲卷
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Where to Eat in Bangkok
在曼谷去哪儿找美食
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
曼谷是美食爱好者非常向往的目的地。在这里用餐似乎有无穷无尽的选择。以下是关于从哪里开始曼谷美食之旅的建议。
Nahm
纳姆
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
提供泰式美食。纳姆（Nahm）提供最好的曼谷美食体验。这是唯一一家跻身世界50家最佳餐厅排行榜前10名的泰国餐厅。主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)于2010年在大都会酒店(Metropolitan Hotel)开设了这家分店，他在位于卢敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林星级。
Issaya Siamese Club
伊萨亚暹罗俱乐部
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
伊萨亚暹罗俱乐部（Issaya Siamese Club）是国际知名的泰国厨师伊恩·基蒂查伊（Ian Kittichai）在曼谷开设的第一家旗舰餐厅。在这座美丽的殖民地风格的房子里，菜单包括结合了现代烹饪方法的传统泰式菜肴。
cuisine n.烹饪（罚）；菜肴
Bo.lan
博兰
Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary sence since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.
自2009年开业以来，博兰（Bo.lan）一直在曼谷的烹饪界引人注目。该餐厅在优雅的氛围中供应难找的泰国菜，忠实于泰国菜的根源，但仍设法添加了特殊的转折。这个地方非常适合与喜欢美食的同事共进烛光晚餐或召开工作会议。对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，有一个大菜单。
culinary adj.烹饪的；食物的
Gaggan
加格根
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
新潮的印度餐厅加格根（Gaggan）在最新的“亚洲50家最佳餐厅”名单中获得第一名，近几年来到曼谷，是最令人兴奋的场所之一。在这个两层楼的殖民泰国家庭中，最好的桌子提供了一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到厨师加格根（Gaggan）和他的员工在工作。最佳的烹饪表演。
progressive adj.先进的；逐步的；新潮的；现代的
21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?
纳姆和伊萨亚暹罗俱乐部有什么共同点？
A. They adopt modern cooking methods. 采用现代烹饪方法。
B. They have branches in London. 在伦敦有分公司。
C. They have top-class chefs. 有顶级厨师。
D. They are based in hotels. 开在旅馆里。
【答案】 C
22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu? 哪个餐馆提供大套餐？
A. Gaggan.
B. Bo. lan.
C. Issaya Siamese Club.
D. Nahm.
【答案】 B
23. What is special about Gaggan? 加格根（Gaggan）有什么特别之处？
A. It hires staff from India. 它从印度雇佣员工。
B. It puts on a play every day. 它每天上演一出戏。
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. 它供应很难找的当地菜肴。
D. It shows the cooking process to guests. 它向客人展示烹饪过程。
【答案】 D
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
谈到DIY(自己动手)，特里·博尔顿（Terri Bolton）是个行家。她擅长搭建架子和组装家具，从不花钱请人做她自己能做的工作。
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父和建筑师德里克·劳埃德（Derek Lloyd）。现年26岁的特理（Terri）从6岁开始，就在学校放假期间陪着德里克去工作。一天的工作得到了5英镑的零用钱。她说:“我确定我一开始没帮上什么忙，粉刷房间，铺地板。这花了几个星期，是非常辛苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲。”
credit … to … 把……归功于……
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
特里现在和朋友们在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃斯租房子住，她说自己动手也让她在租期告一段落时不会损失任何押金。她补充说:“我已经搬了很多次家，我总是喜欢让我的房间个性化，并贴上照片，所以，知道如何掩盖漏洞和重新粉刷房间以避免在我搬出去时产生任何费用是很有用的。”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
随着数百万人可能在未来几周内开始DIY项目，新的研究显示，超过一半的人计划充分利用漫长而温暖的夏日来完成工作。每个项目的平均花费大约是823英镑。三分之二的人希望改善他们在家时的舒适度。五分之二的人希望他们的房子增值。尽管DIY在传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究显示，现在是女性在引领潮流。
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
哪个在意思上最接近第一段中的“能手”？
A. An artist. 艺术家。
B. A winner. 赢家。
C. A specialist. 专家。
D. A pioneer. 先锋。
【答案】 C
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day?
为什么特里的爷爷一天给她5英镑？
A. For a birthday gift. 作为生日礼物。
B. As a treat for her work. 作为对她工作的奖励。
C. To support her DIY projects. 来支持她的DIY项目。
D. To encourage her to take up a hobby. 鼓励她培养一种爱好。
【答案】 B
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
特里是如何避免损失她租的房子的押金的？
A. By making it look like before. 让它看起来像以前一样。
B. By furnishing it herself. 她自己布置的。
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. 通过和室友分摊房租。
D. By cancelling the rental agreement. 取消租赁协议。
【答案】 A
27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
这项研究显示了DIY的什么趋势？
A. It is becoming more costly. 它变得更加昂贵。
B. It is getting more time-consuming. 越来越费时间了。
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. 它正在变成一个季节性行业。
D. It is gaining popularity among females. 它在女性中越来越受欢迎。
【答案】 D
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).
我大约13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本乔斯坦·贾德的《苏菲的世界》。对我来说它充满了新的观点，所以我整个夏天都沉浸在这本书里。它对我说话，把我带进了一个哲学的世界。
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
对哲学的热爱一直持续到我上大学。没有什么比那些自认为更了解福柯、鲍德里亚或孔子，且又试图解读他们的人，更能扼杀对哲学的热爱。
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
埃里克·韦纳的《苏格拉底快车:从死去的哲学家那里寻找生活的教训》重新唤起了我对哲学的热爱。它不是一个解释，而是一个邀你去思考和体验哲学的请柬。
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
韦纳每一章都以城市间火车上的一个场景开始，然后将每个哲学家的作品框在一件事的背景中，这件事对我们更有帮助。最终的结果是，我们在阅读中学会像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样观察，像叔本华一样倾听，像尼采一样无怨无悔。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习用哲学来改善生活的书。
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
他让哲学思考成为一种吸引人的练习，可以提高我们的体验质量，而且他加入很多幽默成分。韦纳与历史上一些最重要的哲学家进行了对话，在这个过程中，他通过解读他们的信息并加上自己的解释。
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣、犀利的书，以其简单易懂吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深思考。这个请柬很明确：韦纳希望你拿起咖啡或茶，坐下来看这本书。我鼓励你接受他的提议。这值得你花时间，哪怕我们没有太多时间。
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
谁为作者打开了哲学的大门？
A. Foucault. 福柯。
B. Eric Weiner. 埃里克·韦纳。
C. Jostein Gaarder. 乔斯坦·贾德。
D. A college teacher. 大学老师。
【答案】 C
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
为什么作者在第四段列出了伟大的哲学家？
A. To compare Weiner with them. 比较韦纳和他们。
B. To give examples of great works. 举一些伟大作品的例子。
C. To praise their writing skills. 赞扬他们的写作技巧。
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 帮助读者理解韦纳的书。
【答案】 D
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
作者喜欢《苏格拉底快车》的什么？
A. Its views on history are well-presented. 它的历史观表现得很好。
B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. 它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。
C. It includes comments from readers. 它包含了读者的评论。
D. It leaves an open ending. 它留下了一个开放的结局。
【答案】 B
31. What does the author think of Weiner’s book?
作者如何看待韦纳的书？
A. Objective and plain. 客观朴素。
B. Daring and ambitious. 大胆又有野心。
C. Serious and hard to follow. 严肃且难以理解。
D. Humorous and straightforward. 幽默直爽。
【答案】 D
D
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
灰熊可能长到约2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，占据了美国人心灵的一个矛盾角落——我们敬畏它们，因为它们给了我们可怕的梦。如果问世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案通常都是一样的：灰熊。
conflicted adj.矛盾的
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
“灰熊正在重新占据它们以前活动范围的大部分区域，”熊生物学家克里斯·瑟夫恩说。随着灰熊将它们的活动范围扩大到一个世纪或更久都没有出现过的地方，它们越来越多地被人类看到。
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
当欧洲人到来时，美国西部到处都是灰熊，大约有50，000或更多的灰熊与美洲原住民生活在一起。到20世纪70年代初，经过几个世纪殖民者残酷而持续的猎杀，有600到800只灰熊仍然生活在落基山脉北部，只占它们原先活动范围的2%。1975年，灰熊被列入濒危物种法案。
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
今天，美国大约有2000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物服务局曾两次试图将灰熊除名，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊队仍然在名单上。
lawsuit n.诉讼；起诉
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
显然，如果预防措施不被采取，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物或穿过院子寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱物从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会顺利通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物区周围设置电围栏对于赶走灰熊也非常有效。“我们希望有一个干净的、没有引诱剂的地方，熊可以在这里经过而不会学到坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是米苏拉市内和周围管理熊的长期生物学家。
32. How do Americans look at grizzlies? 美国人如何看待灰熊？
A. They cause mixed feelings in people. 它们引起人们复杂的感情。
B. They should be kept in national parks. 它们应该被保存在国家公园里。
C. They are of high scientific value. 它们具有很高的科学价值。
D. They are a symbol of American culture. 它们是美国文化的象征。
【答案】 A
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
是什么帮助了灰熊数量的增长？
A. The European settlers’ behavior. 欧洲移民的行为。
B. The expansion of bears’ range. 熊活动范围的扩大。
C. The protection by law since 1975. 自1975年以来受法律保护。
D. The support of Native Americans. 印第安人的支持。
【答案】 C
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?
是什么阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊除名？
A. The opposition of conservation groups. 环保团体的反对。
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. 灰熊的成功复出。
C. The voice of the biologists. 生物学家的声音。
D. The local farmers’ advocates. 当地农民的拥护者。
【答案】 A
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
从最后一段可以推断出什么？
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. 应该给灰熊提供食物。
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. 人们可以和灰熊和谐相处。
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. 应该为灰熊建一条特别的路。
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 可以引进技术来保护灰熊。
【答案】 B
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