预计在9月22日（明天）下午举行的北宁省2024年规划和招商推介会上，三星、富士康、Amkor、歌尔越南扩产将获批准。
撰文：李星
三星、富士康、Amkor、歌尔北宁扩产获批
不出所料，在9月22日下午举行的北宁省2024年规划和招商推介会上，该省将递交三星显示器屏幕生产项目和电子零部件开发谅解备忘录，三星将在越南安丰工业园总投资18亿美元（约合人民币128亿）扩产。
另外根据计划，在这次会上北宁省还将向Amkor Technology Vietnam Co., Ltd.颁发投资登记证书，该项目涉及制造、组装和测试材料、半导体设备，投资额增加10.7亿美元（约合人民币77亿）；富士康新加坡与富士康北宁FCPV工厂项目，总投资3.833亿美元（约合人民币27.5亿）。
同时获反映投资批准的还有歌尔股份。北宁省还计划向生产电子产品、网络设备和多媒体音频产品的歌尔工厂项目颁发投资登记证，总资本为2.8亿美元（约合20亿人民币）；歌尔南山合灵电子产品、网络设备、多媒体音频产品生产工厂项目投资登记证书调整，歌尔Vina科技有限公司总资本4.1亿美元。
在印度与越南之间，三星这次选择了越南
据悉在三星的印度南部工厂爆发员工无限期罢工之际，三星终于把一项18亿美元（约合人民币128亿）的投资，重新敲定于越南北宁落地。
在 9 月 11 日的会议上，北宁省党委常委就签署关于三星显示器越南有限公司在安丰工业园区开发新项目的谅解备忘录达成一致意见，批准政府在9 月 15 日的北宁省 2024 年规划和投资促进会议上，授予关于开发三星显示越南在安丰工业园建设显示屏幕和电子元件的生产项目投资谅解备忘录，项目总投资 18 亿美元。
而2024年9月10日，印度工人在三星位于印度钦奈附近的Sriperumbudur工厂罢工，这场罢工是印度近年来规模最大的罢工之一，参加罢工的工人希望三星承认他们的工会，以及提高工资和改善工作时间。三星Sriperumbudur工厂毗邻富士康和戴尔等其他全球巨头的子公司，该地区以制造汽车和电子产品而闻名，三星的Sriperumbudur工厂主要生产电视机与家电产品）。
三星高管在印度处理与印度工人罢工有关诉求的同时，也开始在印度执行由于业务增长放缓和消费者需求下降影响销售，启动的全球裁员计划，消息称三星电子准备在印度裁员200多名部门主管。裁员将涉及手机、消费电子、家电及支持功能领域，主要针对销售与行政人员，裁员人数将占管理层总数的9-10%，目前公司共有2000名部门执行官。
不过三星印度南方的工厂主要就是生产电视与家电产品，三星准备在排队节进行较大力度的促销，但工厂罢工已经影响了三星产品的上市促销铺货，目前三星正在尽量从印度和全球各地调集人国，争取这家工厂的产能恢复到50~80%左右。
但三星为了避免罢工波及到更多运营障碍，已经冻结了罢工工厂的常规招聘，同时目前主动辞职的员工岗位也不会进行补充。三星在印度近两年发展速度较快，这也导致印度中、高层员工的工资福利水平得到了大幅度的改善，是印度市场平均工资的两倍左右，因此三星的管理岗位在印度比较有吸引力。
但在今年三星印度业务的增速正在放缓，包括手机在内的产品都遭遇到了中资企业品牌的竞争。印度政府前期推动中资企业品牌把印度的业务转移给印度本土企业进行合资运营，同时要求把相关控制股权也降低到50%以下，并且管理权也交给印度籍的高管负责。
因此在印度资本控制的管理下，也让中资企业品牌的产品，短期内在印度更具成本竞争力，行业数据显示今年第二季度，小米手机、vivo手机、三星手机都达到了18%以上的市场份额，但三星的18.1%，占比低于小米18.9%和vivo的18.8%。
三星为了应对印度的增速放缓，以及集团经营业务的调整，把印度的业务也纳入了三星集团在全球的重整计划中。三星集团有意合并电视和家电部门，未来还会不会有其它合并计算还没有消息。三星希望能在印度也进行削减管理层层级、人力资源，以及降低总体成本，减少低效运营。预计最终决定将在印度最重要的节日排灯节后做出。
三星于 1995 年进入印度，目前拥有超过 20万家零售店，在印度的最新净利润为 4.1 亿美元（约合人民币30亿），而年收入接近 120 亿美元（约合人民币860亿）。
三星从2008 年开始投资北宁以来，从初始资本的6.7 亿美元，到现在三星在越南的总投资额已经超过了224 亿美元（约合人民币1600亿），在北宁、太原、胡志明市一起建设了四个生产基地，这其中有近 50% 的投资资本集中在了北宁省。
2023年三星北宁的 2 家工厂三星电子 （SEV）实现了 151 亿美元（约合人民币1080亿）的收入和 11 亿美元（约合人民币80亿）的利润；三星显示器 （SDV） 的收入为 182 亿美元（约合人民币1310亿），利润为 8 亿美元（约合人民币57亿）。
三星在2024年的投资计划中，有一项18亿美元的AMOLED柔性显示屏模组加工的海外投资计划。为了实施此项计划，三星集团曾与印度和越南两地政府协商有关产能落地与政策优惠与现金补贴。
本来三星手机更希望能在印度获得政府的电子制造业现金补贴计划，三星曾在去年规划在印度建设一个全球产能最大的AMOLED显示屏模组生产工厂，并向印度政府提交到了相关要求获得建厂成本一半以上的现金补贴申请，但一直没有获得印度政府的批准。
三星也曾向越南政府提出获得与印度相似的政策优惠与现金补贴申请意向，并在三星高层访问越南与越南政府高层访问韩国时，进行过多轮的协商。
其中三星集团今年在与越南领导人之间的互动过程中，曾规划在取得越南政府的优惠投资政策后，将继续在未来 3 年内加大投资，每年投入近10亿美元（约合人民币70亿），总投资规模接近30亿美元（约合人民币210亿），目的是让越南工厂成为在全球范围内最大的三星显示屏模组生产基地。这也意味着此次在北宁投资了18亿美元后，后面应该还有约12亿美元（约合人民币85亿）的追加投资。
实际上为了争取三星的显示屏模组项目，印度和越南两地政府都进行了极大的努力，因为显示屏模组工厂能吸收大量的员工就业，并且降低两国目前正在推动的电子制造业升级与半导体制造业引进的行业整合成本。
不过三星在印度、越南两地转了一圈后，还是决定把高达18亿美元的投资先放在越南北宁，说明在越南和印度的两个市场上，最终还是偏向了选择投资越南。这里面有没有印度员工管理困难与印度政府行政效率低下，以及外资在两地投资的法律法规中立性上没有可比性的相关因素，或许只有三星集团自己真正体会后才清楚。
而富士康、Amkor和歌尔股份在越南的投资追加，则是为了进一步增加越南苹果产品在智能手表和智能耳机上的制造规模，将来这些产品可以获得比从中国出口更低的关税，销往全球市场。
印度半导体投资也出现“井喷”现象
不过印度并没有停止推动“印度制造”的雄心，总理纳伦德拉·莫迪号称“全力以赴“，要在5年内把印度打造成全球前五大半导体制造国之一，为此莫迪政府正在推广半导体制造支持计划（Semicon India Programme）。该计划于2022年1月正式启动，目标领域包括半导体晶圆厂 （所有节点）、显示器晶圆厂 （LCD/AMOLED）、ATMP/OSAT（后端封装和测试）、复合半导体晶圆厂、微机电系统 （MEMS）、传感器、分立器件。
2023年6月，印度总理莫迪访美，签署了多项协议，半导体领域技术联合开发就是其中的最大亮点。美国总统拜登和莫迪签署了关于半导体供应链和创新伙伴关系的谅解备忘录，旨在协调两国的半导体激励计划。
随着印度频繁与全球投资资本互动，在取得相关互信后，全球半导体产业投资印度的脚步也在加快，印度半导体投资出现井喷现象，短短一周就获近900亿人民币投资落地
9月2日，印度政府批准在印度总理莫迪的家乡古吉拉特邦建立第5个半导体制造厂，投资额高达330亿印度卢比（约合人民币28亿元），预计2026年底月产5万片晶圆。
而在9月5日，印度马哈拉施特拉邦副首席部长德文德拉·法德纳维斯（Devendra Fadnavis）在X平台上宣布，印度阿达尼集团（Adani Group）计划与以色列晶圆代工厂高塔半导体（Tower Semiconductor）合作，拟在该邦建设晶圆厂，预计第一阶段的产能为4万片晶圆，第二阶段为8万片晶圆，这座工厂将会布局在孟买郊区的Taloja，预计投资金额高达100亿美元(约合人民币712亿)，将创造超过5000个工作岗位。
印度媒体9月7日还报道了印度第一家涵盖碳化硅(SiC)制造、组装、测试和封装(ATMP)工厂将在奥里萨邦建立，预计投资620亿卢比（约合人民币53亿）。总部位于印度钦奈的SiC Sem Private Limited(下文简称SiCSem)将在印度奥里萨邦的首府布巴内斯瓦尔(Bhubaneswar)信息技术产业园“信息谷”(InfoValley)的EMCPark开发该项目。
今年6月15日，SiCSem与印度理工学院布巴内斯瓦尔分校(IIT-BBS)就化合物半导体领域研究事宜签署了合作协议。根据协议，双方之间首个项目是在IIT-BBS实现SiC晶体生长的本土化。这一项目专注于6英寸和8英寸SiC晶圆的大批量生产，预估耗资4.5亿卢比(折合人民币约3900万元)。
另外，印度和新加坡还在9月5日签署了在半导体、数字技术、技能发展和医疗保健等多个关键领域开展合作的谅解备忘录。在莫迪总理与商界领袖举行的圆桌会议上，新加坡企业承诺在未来几年投资超过5万亿卢比（约600亿美元，4237亿人民币）。数据显示，新加坡是印度第六大贸易伙伴，占印度整体贸易的3.2%。2024财年，新加坡的进口额达212亿美元，出口总额为144亿美元。
新加坡也是印度最大的外国直接投资来源国。从2000年4月到2024年3月，从新加坡流入印度的外国直接投资累计近1600亿美元（约合人民币1.15万亿），几乎占流入这个南亚国家的外国直接投资总额的四分之一。
9月18日，印度塔塔集团(Tata Group)与美国芯片制造商Analog Devices, Inc.(ADI)宣布达成战略联盟。塔塔电子、塔塔汽车和Tejas Networks与ADI公司签署了一份谅解备忘录（MOU），塔塔集团旗下的电子制造子公司塔塔电子将投资140亿美元，在印度建立两处工厂。其中，塔塔电子将在位于古吉拉特邦的Dholera建造印度第一家晶圆厂，投资总额为110亿美元（约合人民币790亿）。此外，还将在阿萨姆邦Jagiroad的一座绿地工厂投资30亿美元（约合人民币215亿），建造芯片组装和测试工厂。此外，塔塔集团还将在塔塔汽车的电动汽车和Tejas Networks的电信基础设施中使用ADI的产品。两家公司没有具体说明哪些产品将在印度生产，哪些产品将由塔塔使用。
过去几年，印度制造业也取得了长足进步，苹果供应商富士康（Foxconn）承诺加大在印度的投资，美光科技（Micron Technology）也将在2025年初制造出首款印度制造的半导体芯片，而新加坡在新德里和东北部城市古瓦哈提等印度各邦开设了技能发展中心，推广新加坡在激励半导体产业的投资经验，以及如何管理大规模的产业规划和激励措施。
另据报道，印度也已经加入美国国际技术安全与创新基金（ITSI基金），该基金专注于支持半导体制造。报道称，印度已成为第八个与美国签署此类协议的国家，另外七个国家分别是越南、印度尼西亚、肯尼亚、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥、巴拿马和菲律宾。根据协议，美方发起此类活动旨在建立微电路组装、测试和封装设施，即其生产的最后阶段。一位不愿透露姓名的国务院官员表示，美国对印度的投资可能主要集中在劳动力发展和高端人才培训上。
印度政府表示未来将根据与生产相关的激励计划，启动电子元件和半导体制造促进计划（SPECS）的第二版，以进一步支持该行业。
印度拥有全球20%的芯片设计人才。根据IT&IF报告，印度拥有超过12.5万名集成电路设计人员，占全球总数20%。像英特尔、AMD和高通，都在印度设有最大的研发中心，充分利用当地的工程人才。
据德勤估计，半导体整条产业链至少需要200万人，到2030年，全球半导体劳动力需要增加100多万名技术工人，而印度完全有能力满足这一需求，每年大约新增10多万名工人，印度政府开始通过“芯片到创业”计划培训工程师。另外半导体制造的先决条件——物流、基础设施和稳定的电网，印度这几项的全球排名也有所提高。
目前，印度唯一的阻碍就是印度营商环境差，另外就是经济体量还太小，2023年印度GDP为3.49万亿美元（约合人民币25万亿）。
但印度有着价值万亿美元的数字经济，包括来自电子制造业的4000亿美元，其余来自IT相关部门：其中手机占43%，消费电子产品占12%，汽车占8%，战略部门占5%，IT硬件占4%。
印度的数显示，电子产品已成为印度第五大出口产品，每年增长23%，制造业超过1000亿美元，高于2017年的490亿美元。预计随着当地半导体生产和新版本的SPECS计划，将进一步增长。2024年3月，印度的电子制造业突破了1000亿美元，高于2017年的490亿美元。
据预测，今年印度GDP增幅有望达到8%，继续成为全球增速最快的大型经济体。按照这个增速，预计在2025年，印度就有可能超过德国和日本，成为世界第三大经济体。
另外根据高盛的预测，到2075年世界前三大经济体的名次将发生逆转，中国将成为世界第一，GDP达到57万亿美元（约合人民币410万亿）；印度位居第二，GDP为52.5万亿美元（约合人民币380万亿）；美国降至第三，GDP为51.5万亿美元（约合人民币370万亿）。（中国2023年的GDP是 126.06万亿元；美国2023年的GDP是 27.36万亿美元，约合人民币197万亿元）
这也意味着印度未来50年，印度的经济总量要增长15倍以上，增长速度是中国的5倍左右。
In the trillions of semiconductor industry wars in India and Viet Nam, Samsung invested 12.8 billion yuan to choose Viet Nam
Editor: Lucien
Samsung, Foxconn, Amkor, and Goertek Beining were approved to expand production
As expected, at the Bac Ninh 2024 Planning and Investment Promotion Conference held on the afternoon of September 22, the province will submit a memorandum of understanding on Samsung Display screen production projects and electronic component development with a total investment of 1.8 billion US dollars (about 12.8 billion yuan) in An Phong Industrial Park in Viet Nam.
In addition, according to the plan, Bac Ninh Province will also issue an investment registration certificate to Amkor Technology Vietnam Co., Ltd. at this meeting, which involves manufacturing, assembly and testing materials, semiconductor equipment, with an increase of 1.07 billion US dollars (about 7.7 billion yuan), and Foxconn Singapore and Foxconn Bac Ninh FCPV factory project, with a total investment of 383.3 million US dollars (about 2.75 billion yuan).
At the same time, Goertek shares were also approved for investment. Bac Ninh Province also plans to issue an investment registration certificate to Goertek for the production of electronic products, network equipment and multimedia audio products, with a total capital of 280 million US dollars (about 2 billion yuan), and Goertek Vina Technology Co., Ltd. has a total capital of 410 million US dollars.
Between India and Viet Nam, Samsung chose Viet Nam this time
It is reported that when an indefinite strike broke out in Samsung's southern India factory, Samsung finally finalized an investment of 1.8 billion US dollars (about 12.8 billion yuan) in Bac Ninh, Viet Nam.
At the meeting on September 11, the Standing Committee of the Bac Ninh Provincial Party Committee agreed on the signing of a memorandum of understanding on the development of a new project by Samsung Display Viet Nam Co., Ltd. in An Phong Industrial Park, approving the government's award of an investment memorandum of understanding on the development of Samsung Display Viet Nam's production project for the construction of display screens and electronic components in An Phong Industrial Park at the Bac Ninh 2024 Planning and Investment Promotion Conference on September 15, with a total investment of US$1.8 billion.
And on September 10, 2024, India workers went on strike at Samsung's Sriperumbudur factory near Chennai, India, one of the largest in India in recent years, and the workers participating in the strike want Samsung to recognize their union, as well as raise wages and improve working hours. Samsung's Sriperumbudur plant is adjacent to subsidiaries of other global giants such as Foxconn and Dell, and the area is known for making cars and electronics, with Samsung's Sriperumbudur factory making televisions and home appliances.
While Samsung executives are India dealing with claims related to the India workers' strike, they have also begun to implement a global layoff plan launched in India due to slowing business growth and declining consumer demand, which has affected sales, and it is reported that Samsung Electronics is preparing to lay off more than 200 department heads in India. The layoffs will be in the areas of mobile phones, consumer electronics, home appliances and support functions, mainly for sales and administrative staff, and will account for 9-10% of the total number of management, with a total of 2,000 department executives in the company.
However, Samsung's factory in southern India is mainly to produce TVs and home appliances, Samsung is ready to carry out greater promotion in the queuing festival, but the factory strike has affected the listing of Samsung products, and Samsung is currently trying to mobilize people from India and around the world to restore the production capacity of this factory to about 50~80%.
However, in order to avoid the strike from spreading more operational obstacles, Samsung has frozen the regular hiring of the striking factories, and the current voluntary resignation of employees will not be filled. Samsung's rapid development in India in the past two years has also led to a significant improvement in the salary and benefits of middle and high-level employees in India, which is about twice the average salary in the India market, so Samsung's management positions are more attractive in India.
But this year, the growth rate of Samsung's India business is slowing, and products, including mobile phones, have encountered competition from Chinese brands. In the early stage, the India government promoted the transfer of India business to local India enterprises for joint ventures, and at the same time required that the relevant controlling shares be reduced to less than 50%, and the management rights should also be handed over to Indian executives.
Therefore, under the management of India's capital control, but also let the products of Chinese-funded enterprise brands in the short term more cost competitive in India, industry data show that in the second quarter of this year, Xiaomi mobile phones, vivo mobile phones, Samsung mobile phones have reached more than 18% market share, but Samsung's 18.1%, accounting for less than Xiaomi 18.9% and vivo's 18.8%.
In response to the slowdown in India's growth rate and the adjustment of the group's operating business, Samsung has also included its India business in the Samsung Group's global restructuring plan. Samsung Group intends to merge the TV and home appliance divisions, and there is no news on whether there will be other consolidated calculations in the future. Samsung hopes to reduce management levels, human resources, overall costs, and inefficient operations in India as well. The final decision is expected to be made after Diwali, the most important festival in India.
Samsung entered India in 1995 and now has more than 200,000 retail stores, with its latest net profit of US$410 million (about RMB 3 billion) in India, while its annual revenue is close to US$12 billion (about RMB 86 billion).
Since Samsung began to invest in Bac Ninh in 2008, from the initial capital of 670 million US dollars, to now Samsung's total investment in Viet Nam has exceeded 22.4 billion US dollars (about 160 billion yuan), and has built four production bases in Bac Ninh, Thai Nguyen and Ho Chi Minh City, of which nearly 50% of the investment capital is concentrated in Bac Ninh Province.
In 2023, Samsung Electronics (SEV), Samsung's two factories in Bac Ninh, will achieve revenue of US$15.1 billion (about RMB 108 billion) and profits of US$1.1 billion (about RMB 8 billion); Samsung Display (SDV) had a revenue of US$18.2 billion (about 131 billion yuan) and a profit of US$800 million (about 5.7 billion yuan).
Samsung's investment plan for 2024 includes a $1.8 billion overseas investment plan for AMOLED flexible display mold group processing. To implement this plan, Samsung Group has negotiated with the governments of India and Viet Nam on capacity implementation, policy incentives and cash subsidies.
Originally, Samsung mobile phones hoped to obtain the government's cash subsidy plan for electronics manufacturing in India, Samsung had planned to build a world's largest AMOLED display module production plant in India last year, and submitted to the India government an application for cash subsidies requiring more than half of the construction cost, but it has not been approved by the India government.
Samsung has also submitted to the Viet Nam government its intention to apply for policy incentives and cash subsidies similar to those of India, and has conducted several rounds of negotiations during Samsung's high-level visits to Viet Nam and Viet Nam's high-level visits to Korea.
Among them, in the process of interaction with Viet Nam leaders this year, Samsung Group has planned to continue to increase investment in the next three years after obtaining the preferential investment policies of the Viet Nam government, investing nearly 1 billion US dollars (about 7 billion yuan) per year, with a total investment scale of nearly 3 billion US dollars (about 21 billion yuan).The aim is to make the Viet Nam plant the largest Samsung display module production base in the world. This also means that after investing US$1.8 billion in Bac Ninh this time, there should be about US$1.2 billion (about 8.5 billion yuan) of additional investment.
In fact, in order to win Samsung's display module project, the governments of India and Viet Nam have made great efforts, because the display module factory can absorb a large number of employees, and reduce the cost of industry integration of the upgrading of the electronics manufacturing industry and the introduction of semiconductor manufacturing in the two countries.
However, after going around in India and Viet Nam, Samsung decided to invest up to $1.8 billion in Bac Ninh, Viet Nam, indicating that in the two markets of Viet Nam and India, it finally preferred to invest in Viet Nam. Whether there are related factors related to India's employee management difficulties and the administrative inefficiency of the India government, as well as the lack of comparability in the neutrality of laws and regulations for foreign investment in the two places, may only be known to Samsung Group itself.
The additional investment of Foxconn, Amkor and Goertek in Viet Nam is to further increase the manufacturing scale of Viet Nam's Apple products in smart watches and smart headphones, which can be sold to the global market at lower tariffs than exports from China in the future.
India's semiconductor investment has also seen a "blowout" phenomenon
However, India has not stopped promoting the ambition of "Made in India", and Prime Minister Narendra · Modi has claimed to be "all-out" to make India one of the world's top five semiconductor manufacturing countries within 5 years, for which the Modi government is promoting the semiconductor manufacturing support program (). Semicon India Programme）。The program was officially launched in January 2022 and targets semiconductor fabs (all nodes), display fabs (LCD/AMOLED), ATMP/OSAT (back-end packaging and test), compound semiconductor fabs, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), sensors, and discrete devices.
In June 2023, India Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the United States and signed a number of agreements, of which the joint development of semiconductor technology is the biggest highlight. United States President Joe Biden and Modi signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Semiconductor Supply Chain and Innovation Partnership, which aims to coordinate semiconductor incentive programs between the two countries.
With India's frequent interaction with global investment capital, after obtaining relevant mutual trust, the pace of global semiconductor industry investment in India is also accelerating, and India's semiconductor investment has exploded, with nearly 90 billion yuan of investment landed in just one week
On September 2, the India government approved the establishment of a fifth semiconductor manufacturing plant in Gujarat, the hometown of India Prime Minister Modi, with an investment of up to 33 billion India rupees (about 2.8 billion yuan), and is expected to produce 50,000 wafers per month by the end of 2026.
And on September 5, India Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister Devend·ra Fadnavis announced on the X platform that India Adani Group plans to build a wafer fab in the state in partnership with Israel foundry Tower SemiconductorWith an estimated production capacity of 40,000 wafers in the first phase and 80,000 wafers in the second phase, the factory will be located in Taloja, a suburb of Mumbai, with an estimated investment of up to US$10 billion (about 71.2 billion yuan) and will create more than 5,000 jobs.
India media also reported on September 7 that India's first silicon carbide (SiC) manufacturing, assembly, test and packaging (ATMP) factory will be built in Odisha, with an estimated investment of 62 billion rupees (about 5.3 billion yuan).。SiC Sem Private Limited (SiCSem), headquartered in Chennai, India, will develop the project at EMCPark in InfoValley, an information technology industrial park in Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, India.
On June 15 this year, SiCSem signed a cooperation agreement with the India Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar (IIT-BBS) on research in the field of compound semiconductors. According to the agreement, the first project between the two parties is to localize SiC crystal growth at IIT-BBS. The project focuses on the high-volume production of 6-inch and 8-inch SiC wafers, which is estimated to cost 450 million rupees (equivalent to about 39 million yuan).
India's figures show electronics have become India's fifth-largest export, growing 23 percent annually, with manufacturing exceeding $100 billion, up from $49 billion in 2017. Further growth is expected with local semiconductor production and new versions of SPECS planned. In March 2024, India's electronics manufacturing exceeded $100 billion, up from $49 billion in 2017.
Separately, India and Singapore signed a memorandum of understanding on September 5 to collaborate in a number of key areas such as semiconductors, digital technologies, skills development and healthcare. At a roundtable meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and business leaders, Singapore companies pledged to invest more than 5 trillion rupees (about 60 billion US dollars, 423.7 billion yuan) in the coming years. Singapore is India's sixth largest trading partner, accounting for 3.2% of India's overall trade, according to the data. In FY2024, Singapore's imports amounted to US$21.2 billion and exports totaled US$14.4 billion.
Singapore is also India's largest source of FDI. From April 2000 to March 2024, FDI flows from Singapore to India totaled nearly US$160 billion, accounting for almost a quarter of total FDI flows to the South Asian country.
On September 18, India's Tata Group and US chipmaker Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI) announced a strategic alliance. Tata Electronics, Tata Motors and Tejas Networks signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with ADI. Tata Electronics, the electronics manufacturing subsidiary of the Tata Group, will invest $14 billion to build two factories in India. Among them, Tata Electronics will build India's first wafer fab in Dholera, Gujarat, with a total investment of $11 billion (about RMB 79 billion). In addition, it will invest $3 billion (about RMB 21.5 billion) in a greenfield plant in Jagiroad, Assam, to build a chip assembly and testing plant. In addition, the Tata Group will use ADI's products in Tata Motors' electric vehicles and Tejas Networks' telecommunications infrastructure. The two companies did not specify which products will be produced in India and which products will be used by Tata.
India's manufacturing sector has also made great strides in the past few years, with Apple supplier Foxconn pledging to increase investment in India, Micron Technology set to manufacture its first India-made semiconductor chip in early 2025, and Singapore opening skills development centres in India states such as New Delhi and the northeastern city of Guwahati to promote Singapore's experience in stimulating investment in the semiconductor industry. and how to manage large-scale industrial planning and incentives.
India has also reportedly joined the United States International Technology Security and Innovation Fund (ITSI Fund), which focuses on supporting semiconductor manufacturing. India has become the eighth country to sign such an agreement with United States, along with Viet Nam, Indonesia, Kenya, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama and the Philippines, the report said. According to the agreement, the American side initiated such activities with the aim of establishing microcircuit assembly, testing and packaging facilities, that is, the final stage of their production. A State Department official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said United States investment in India is likely to focus on workforce development and high-end talent training.
The India government has said it will launch the second edition of the Electronic Components and Semiconductor Manufacturing Promotion Scheme (SPECS) in the future under production-related incentive schemes to further support the industry.
India is home to 20% of the world's chip design talent. According to the IT&IF report, India has more than 125,000 IC designers, accounting for 20% of the global total. Companies like Intel, AMD, and Qualcomm all have the largest R&D centers in India, leveraging local engineering talent.
Deloitte estimates that the entire semiconductor industry chain needs at least 2 million people, and by 2030, the global semiconductor workforce needs to increase by more than 1 million skilled workers, and India is fully capable of meeting this demand, adding about 100,000 new workers every year, and the India government has begun training engineers through the "Chip to Start" program. In addition, India's global rankings have also improved in terms of logistics, infrastructure and stable power grids, which are prerequisites for semiconductor manufacturing.
At present, the only obstacle in India is the poor business environment in India, and the other is that the economy is still too small, and India's GDP in 2023 will be 3.49 trillion US dollars (about 25 trillion yuan).
But India has a trillion-dollar digital economy, including $400 billion from electronics manufacturing, and the rest from IT-related sectors: mobile phones account for 43%, consumer electronics 12%, automobiles 8%, strategic sectors 5%, and IT hardware 4%.
India's GDP growth is expected to reach 8% this year, continuing to be the world's fastest-growing large economy. At this growth rate, it is expected that by 2025, India may overtake Germany and Japan to become the world's third largest economy.
In addition, according to Goldman Sachs' forecast, by 2075, the ranking of the world's top three economies will be reversed, and China will become the world's first, with a GDP of 57 trillion US dollars (about 410 trillion yuan); India ranks second, with a GDP of 52.5 trillion US dollars (about 380 trillion yuan); United States fell to third, with a GDP of 51.5 trillion US dollars (about 370 trillion yuan). (China's GDP in 2023 is 126.06 trillion yuan; United States' GDP in 2023 is 27.36 trillion US dollars, about 197 trillion yuan).
This also means that India next 50 years, India's total economic output will grow by more than 15 times, and the growth rate is about five times that of China.
