单词是整体文章的一部分，是为了表达和交流服务的。离开了文章的单词，如同离开了土壤的植物，早就失去了生命。背的时候痛苦，但考的时候想不起来意思，这是背单词最大的遗憾。 2023年新课标I卷英语试卷在词汇考察方面，主要考查了学生的词汇量、词汇理解能力、词汇运用能力以及词汇在不同语境中的灵活应用。以下是具体的分析： On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 背再多的单词，也得面对好几篇这样长这样难的文章啊。背单词的尽头还是听力，阅读和写作。高考英语中这样的文章大约有6篇。4篇阅读理解，1篇完型，1篇短文填空，1篇选5，都是通过阅读来检测学生对单词的掌握。没有一道题是单独来考学生的英汉互译。这也是为何，没有词汇量寸步难行，但只有词汇看不懂阅读照样寸步难行。
试卷通过阅读理解和写作部分考查学生对词汇的扩展能力，要求学生能够根据上下文推断出词汇的扩展含义。例如：阅读理解D篇：文章讲述了群体智慧效应，学生需要理解wisdom of crowds（群体智慧）、independent estimates（独立估计）等词汇，并能够将这些词汇应用到具体的群体决策中。写作部分：要求学生根据给定的情境写一封邮件或续写故事，学生需要根据语境扩展词汇，表达自己的观点或情感。
单纯背单词：通常只记忆单词的表面意思，缺乏对词汇的深度理解。例如，学生可能知道run的意思是“跑步”，但不知道它还可以表示“经营”或“运行”。在文章中背单词：通过上下文理解单词的多重含义和用法。例如，在文章中看到run a business（经营生意），学生可以更好地理解run的多重含义。
2. 词汇的语境应用
单纯背单词：缺乏语境，难以理解单词在实际使用中的搭配和用法。例如，学生可能知道take care of的意思是“照顾”，但不知道它通常用于照顾某人或某物。在文章中背单词：通过具体的语境，学生可以更好地理解单词的搭配和用法。例如，在文章中看到take care of the children（照顾孩子），学生可以更好地理解这个短语的实际应用。
