宪在悦读【第29期】《OSCE ODIHR 立法指南评析》目录中译

ODIHR Guidelines on Democratic Lawmaking for Better Laws

《欧安组织民主制度与人权办公室：民主立法指南》

Who we are

The OSCE has a comprehensive approach to security that encompasses politico-military, economic and environmental, and human aspects. It therefore addresses a wide range of security-related concerns, including arms control, confidence- and security-building measures, human rights, national minorities, democratization, policing strategies, counter-terrorism and economic and environmental activities. All 57 participating States enjoy equal status, and decisions are taken by consensus on a politically, but not legally binding basis.

欧洲安全与合作组织（OSCE）是一个涵盖广泛的国际组织，对安全采取全面的方法，涵盖政治军事、经济与环境以及人文等方面。该组织处理广泛的与安全相关的问题，包括军备控制、建立信任与安全措施、人权、少数民族、民主化、警务策略、反恐以及经济和环境活动。所有57个参与国享有平等地位，其决策建立在政治上但无法律约束力的基础上，以协商一致方式作出。

The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) provides support, assistance and expertise to participating States and civil society to promote democracy, rule of law, human rights and tolerance and non-discrimination. ODIHR observes elections, reviews legislation and advises governments on how to develop and sustain democratic institutions. The Office conducts training programmes for government and law-enforcement officials and non-governmental organizations on how to uphold, promote and monitor human rights.

ODIHR即欧安组织民主制度与人权办公室（Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights），为参与国家和民间社会提供支持，援助和专业知识，以促进民主，法治，人权和宽容和非歧视。ODIHR观察选举，审查立法并向政府提供有关如何发展和维持民主制度的建议。该办公室针对政府和执法部门和非政府组织如何维护，促进和监督人权进行培训计划。

补充说明：ODIHR（欧安组织民主制度和人权办公室）是OSCE（欧洲安全与合作组织）的一个下属机构。ODIHR最初于1991年在华沙成立时是作为欧安组织的自由选举办公室。1992年，随着欧安组织参与国对其任务的第一次扩展，名称改为现在的形式。在其存在的26年中，ODIHR 已发展成为欧安组织的主要人权机构，在欧安组织57个参与国实施人权方面的承诺时，为各国政府和民间社会提供援助。

Introduction:

Content of the Guidelines — The Guidelines start with an introduction to, and definitions of democratic lawmaking and good-quality laws and a description of the concept of the legislative process as a cycle, while Part II provides a set of Guiding Principles for democratic lawmaking and how to achieve good-quality laws, based on key rule of law and human rights standards. These principles form the backbone of the Guidelines on Democratic Lawmaking for Better Laws: they guide how laws are made (the process of making laws), which standards the substance of a law should adhere to (the content of the law) and what form a law should take (the form of legislation). Part III presents the key actors in the lawmaking process and their roles. Finally, Part IV provides detailed, concrete and practical recommendations on how the Guiding Principles can be adhered to at each stage of the legislative cycle to help make qualitatively better legislation. Annexes to the Guidelines include references to selected international and regional instruments, documents and case law, as well as a glossary with key terms.

该书简介：

首先，该书第一部分开篇介绍了民主立法和高质量法律的定义，并对立法过程作为一个循环的概念进行了描述。其次，第二部分基于关键的法治和人权标准，提供了一套民主立法的指导原则以及如何实现高质量法律。这些原则构成了《促进更好法律的民主立法指南》的核心：它们指导法律如何制定（立法过程）、法律的实质内容应遵循哪些标准（法律内容）以及法律应采取何种形式（立法形式）。再次，第三部分介绍了立法过程中的关键行为体及其角色。最后，第四部分就立法周期的每个阶段如何遵循指导原则以帮助制定质量更高的立法提供了详细、具体和实用的建议。附件包括对选定的国际和区域文书、文件和判例法的参考，以及包含关键术语的词汇表。

补充说明：本指南于2023年底发布。