语法填空考点之“就近原则”和“假就远原则”

文摘   2024-11-03 15:36   陕西  
这学期接手的是理科普通班的学生,经过高中三年三次分班,班里绝大多数学生真的是彻头彻尾的学困生。
因此,一轮复习就必需扎扎实实地复习和巩固双基,尽最大努力挽救和帮助每一个孩子。既然学生你问,就有问必答。
今天就说一说“主谓一致(
Agreement of Subject and Predicate)”之“就近原则”。

在英语语法中,主谓一致的就近原则指的是谓语动词的形式(单数或复数)应与句子中离它最近的主语在数上保持一致
单数谓语动词:am/is/was/has
复数谓语动词:are/were/have
一、当there/here be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。以下是一些具体的例子,

1.There/Here is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There/Here are several books ,a pen, a knife and on the desk.

2. There are twenty boy-students and a girl-student in the class.
二、关联词(即这五个短语neither A nor Bnot only A but also B,either A or B, not only A but also B, whether A or B)遵循谓语动词就近原则,即谓语动词在人称和数方面于离它近的主语B保持一致。

neither A nor B +VB

你和我都不擅长英语。

Neither you nor I am good at English.

Neither I nor you are good at English

not only A but also B +VB

不仅你而且你的妹妹也非常可爱。

Not only your sister but also you are lovely.

Not only you but also your sister is lovely.

either A or B+VB

这件事的责任在你们两人之间,要么是你要么是他。

Either you or he is responsible for this thing.

Either he or you are responsible for this thing.

not A but B+VB

不是她而是你要去。

Not she but you are to go.

Not you but she is to go.


特别注意:另外一种陷阱题,也是好多学生容易上当的结构,也是很多人说的就远原则,即:

A+介词as well as, with,together with, like, unlike,but/ except / besides, including...+B+VA

在这个结构中,谓语动词要和“真正的主语A”在人称和数方面保持一致。这些介词后边的“名词B”是介词的宾语,主谓一致看的是主语。

请认真看一下例句。


1.The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.


The  students as well as the teacher were reading in the library.

老师和学生都在图书馆里看书。


2.The girl, unlike other girls, enjoys sports.

这个女孩不像其他女孩,她喜欢运动。


主谓一致是高考语法填空的一个重要的考点,希望通过此文,你能掌握主谓一致之就近原则。

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