撰文 | 奇峰
一些罕见病带来特殊症状的同时,也会给患者带来身材、容貌和肢体发育上的改变。下面这起案例涉及的罕见病,会累及患者全身多系统,并在手指、脚趾、面容上有典型特征,如何早发现、早治疗?一起来了解吧!
患者男性,33岁,主诉“间断四肢麻木11年,加重2天”入院。既往史和个人史无特殊。于11年前开始出现间断四肢麻木、抽搐、乏力,多发生在劳累后,经休息可缓解,伴腹胀、怕冷、体重增加,无头痛、头晕、胸痛、心悸、视物模糊、腹痛、腹泻、骨痛等不适症状,曾口服中药1年,未见改善。后经三甲医院诊断为“假性甲状旁腺功能减退症、甲状腺功能减退症、维生素D缺乏”,平素应服“左甲状腺素片、碳酸钙D3片、维生素D2注射液”(剂量不固定)。
此后腹胀、怕冷、体重增加缓解,间断四肢麻木、抽搐、乏力症状在劳累后仍存在,程度较前减轻。一次田间干活后再次出现四肢麻木,伴双手抽搐、不能自主排尿约1小时,经院外门诊“静注葡萄糖酸钙注射液10毫升”,双手抽搐约半小时后缓解,四肢麻木较前减轻,可自主排尿。
查体:脉搏:80次/分,血压:123/83mmHg,身高168cm,体重75Kg,体形较胖,脸圆,双手第5掌骨及第5指骨粗短、双足第5跖骨及第5趾粗短;屈伸活动正常,关节无红肿及压痛,关节活动不受限;双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音;心率80次/分,心律齐,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音;腹部软,全腹无压痛;束臂加压试验阳性,面神经叩击征阳性,生理反射存在,病理反射未引出。
辅助检查:甲状旁腺素(PTH)94.7pg/mL。
入院初步诊断为假性甲状旁腺功能减退症、甲状腺功能减退症、维生素D缺乏。入院后予高钙低磷饮食、补充钙剂(碳酸钙D3 1片)、维生素D(维生素D2注射液7.5mg二周一次)、甲状腺素(左甲状腺素钠片125ug一日一次)等综合对症治疗。
血常规、尿常规、粪常规、肝功能、肾功能、电解质、心肌酶、凝血、空腹血糖、OGTT 2h血糖、心电图、眼科会诊、心脏彩超均未见明显异常。甲状腺彩超回报甲状腺体积缩小,甲状腺双侧叶回声减低区,双侧甲状旁腺未显示。甲功回报提示人血清促甲状腺素0.246mIU/L,将左甲状腺素钠片减量为100ug一日一次。甲状旁腺激素回报88.1pg/mL,再次证实了诊断。
针对这一患者临床诊断提示的假性甲状旁腺功能减退症,各位读者根据上述诊疗过程,能否推断其所患的是这一疾病的哪个分型?相关分型的临床特点、治疗措施有哪些?
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