第一作者:Paula Mayara Morais da Silva
通讯作者:Renato Falcão Dantas, Patrícia Prediger
通讯单位:巴西坎皮纳斯州立大学
DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130351
含有还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)的聚合膜在修复受污染的水体方面已显示出功效。本研究旨在考察含有还原型氧化石墨烯的聚丙烯腈膜(hPAN)的形态和理化性质对其过滤和吸附性能的影响。rGO 是通过绿色途径制备的(g-rGO),过滤实验采用模拟真实条件的三元系统去除新出现的污染物。在膜中加入 g-rGO 后,形成了更薄的指状亚层,膜的粗糙度增加,纯水通量提高。批量实验显示,环丙沙星(CIP)、莫西沙星(MOX)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)、Cu(II)和 Zn(II)的吸附率分别为 72%、55%、75%、96% 和 80%。与原始 hPAN 膜相比,CIP 和 MOX 的吸附率分别提高了 151% 和 87.5%。在三元系统的过滤实验中,hPAN@g-rGO5 膜对对乙酰氨基酚、阿特拉津和磺胺甲噁唑的截留率分别为 62%、59% 和 68%。密度泛函理论(DFT)研究表明,磺胺甲噁唑是三元体系中去除率最高的新污染物,这主要是由于其尺寸较大,且存在 π-π 相互作用和氢键。
Fig. 1. Reduced graphene oxide characterization: (a) XRD; (b) FTIR.
Fig. 2. Membranes characterization: (a) FTIR; (b) Zeta potential; (c) PWF, under 700 mmHg vacuum in a filtration system, and room temperature; (d) XPS C1s high-resolution hPAN; (e) XPS C1s high-resolution hPAN@g-rGO2.5; (f) XPS C1s high-resolution hPAN@g-rGO5; (g) XPS C1s high-resolution hPAN@g-rGO7.5; (h) XPS N1s high-resolution hPAN; (i) XPS N1s high-resolution hPAN@g-rGO2.5; (j) XPS N1s high-resolution hPAN@g-rGO5; (k) XPS N1s high-resolution hPAN@g-rGO7.5.
Fig. 3. SEM images of the surface: (a1-a3) hPAN; (b1-b3) hPAN@g-rGO2.5; (c1-c3) hPAN@g-rGO5; (d1-d3) hPAN@g-rGO7.5. SEM images of the cross section: (a4) hPAN; (b4) hPAN@g-rGO2.5; (c4) hPAN@g-rGO5; (d4) hPAN@g-rGO7.5. AFM images in liquid medium: (a5) hPAN; (a6) hPAN (3D); (b5) hPAN@g-rGO2.5; (b6) hPAN@g-rGO2.5 (3D); (c5) hPAN@g-rGO5; (c6) hPAN@g-rGO5 (3D); (d5) hPAN@g-rGO7.5; (d6) hPAN@g-rGO7.5 (3D).
Fig. 4. SEM images: (a) hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after CIP adsorption; (b) hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after Zn adsorption; (c) cross section of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after CIP adsorption; (d) cross section of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after Zn adsorption.
Fig. 5. Contaminant removal experiments: (a) adsorption experiments with antibiotics and metals, pH 6, and contaminants concentration of 10 mg/L; (b) FTIR of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 before and after adsorption experiments with CIP and Zn(II); (c) XPS C1s of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after CIP adsorption; (d) XPS N1s of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after CIP adsorption; (e) XPS C1s of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after Zn(II) adsorption; (f) XPS N1s of hPAN@g-rGO7.5 after Zn(II) adsorption.
Fig. 6. Ciprofloxacin main microspecies throughout pH.
采用胡萝卜提取物作为还原剂的简单方法,通过绿色途径生产出还原型氧化石墨烯(rGO),以替代传统的肼。在固定 g-rGO 时使用了 hPAN 聚合物膜,从而防止其释放到环境中。在 hPAN 膜中加入 g-rGO 后,亲水性降低,纯水通量和孔隙率增加。此外,指状大空泡子层的结构也发生了变化,表面粗糙度增加。hPAN@g-rGO 膜具有亲水性和带负电荷的表面,这表明它具有去除多种污染物的潜力。在批处理模式吸附实验中,hPAN@g-rGO7.5 膜分别能去除 72%、55% 和 75% 的 CIP、LEV 和 MOX。在膜中加入 g-rGO 后,CIP 和 MOX 的去除率显著提高,分别提高了 151% 和 87.5%。在过滤过程方面,hPAN@g-rGO7.5 膜在三元系统中对去除新出现的污染物(包括抗生素、镇痛剂和除草剂)表现出了功效。hPAN@g-rGO5 膜在去除三种新污染物混合物方面表现出高效率,对 ACMP、ATZ 和 SMX 的去除率分别为 62%、59% 和 68%。与原始 hPAN 膜相比,hPAN@g-rGO5 膜对 SMX 的去除率提高了 142.9%。DFT 研究表明,SMX 是最大的分子,表现出最高的 LUMO 能量、化学势和亲电指数,并表现出较低的化学硬度。这些计算表明,SMX 是最能有效去除的污染物。
这项研究就在聚合物膜中加入吸附剂对聚合物膜的化学和形态特征的影响以及膜去除污染物的潜力提供了新的见解。
Paula Mayara Morais da Silva, Jacqueline Aparecida Malvestiti, Natália Gabriele Camparotto, Júliah Camargo Pinto, Valmor Roberto Mastelaro, Renato Falcão Dantas, Patrícia Prediger, Novel polymeric membranes based on green reduced graphene oxide for the nanofiltration of emerging contaminants from water in a ternary system, Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130351
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