第一作者:Shuxuan Wu
通讯作者:姜永海 研究员
通讯单位:北京师范大学水科学研究院
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122731
厌氧生物降解对天然含水层中有机污染物的衰减起着至关重要的作用,其中电子受体的浓度和类型直接决定了降解过程的阶段和速率。在这项研究中,在受甲苯和三氯乙烯污染的模拟试验规模含水层中监测到硝酸盐耗竭,而硫酸盐成为新的周期性电子受体,同时污染物衰减率下降。因此,分阶段向受污染的羽流注入硝酸盐,并进一步监测其水文和生物化学影响。结果显示,硝酸盐的主动补给成为参与厌氧还原过程的新电子供体,污染物衰减率比注入前提高了 2.48-3.88 倍。此外,硝酸盐的主动补给抑制了硫酸盐的进一步消耗,并氧化了原有的硫化物,从而降低了水环境的生物毒性,为硝酸盐还原微生物的生长提供了有利条件。这项研究评估了通过补给硝酸盐作为电子受体来增强自然衰减的效果,为石油污染含水层的环境友好型经济修复提供了理论依据。
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the pilot-scale experimental tank, which was equipped with 10 transects (A-J), 6 depths (1–6) and 3 crosses (#1–#3), for a total of 180 sample collection ports (blue circles). Four sets of nitrate injection tubes (green columns) were located at the center of transects B-C.
Fig. 2. Timeline of the experiment (all points represent the first day of the month).
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of TL and TCE plume migration during Stage 2. The data were based on standard errors calculated for three crosses (#1–#3) in the tank, where a and c correspond to the TL, and b and d correspond to the TCE.
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of nitrate (a, c) and sulfate (b, d) concentrations during Stage 2 of the experiment; correlation between the sulfide isotopic composition and the fraction of sulfate (e) and oxygen isotopic compositions (f) during Stage 2b along transects B–D.
Fig. 5. Changes in nitrate, nitrite, sulfate and sulfide concentrations at 1.1 m along transects C, D and H. The data were based on standard errors calculated for three crosses (#1–#3) of the tank.
Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the TL (a, c, e) and TCE (b, d, f) plumes at different stages after nitrate recharge. The data were based on standard errors calculated for three crosses (#1–#3) in the tank.
在这项研究中,在一个完全受控的中试规模水槽中建造了一个受三氯乙烯和三氯乙烷污染的模拟含水层,并在其中分阶段进行了积极的硝酸盐补给实验。对 TL、TCE、硝酸盐、硫酸盐及其副产品的浓度进行了监测,并结合同位素特征对生物地球化学过程进行了分析。主要结论如下
1)与不干预阶段相比,积极的硝酸盐补给将 TL 和 TCE 污染物的降解提高了约 3 倍,导致污染物在 4 个月内几乎完全降解。
2)作为一种更容易获得的电子受体,硝酸盐优先参与污染物的厌氧还原降解和硫化物的氧化,从而降低了地下水的毒性。
3)特征微生物的丰度结构受离子类型和浓度的控制,硝酸盐厌氧还原和硫酸盐厌氧还原过程之间的转换伴随着特征基因的更替。
这项研究表明,硝酸盐的主动回灌可以显著改善高度污染含水层的物理化学条件,为微生物提供有利环境,促进污染物的衰减过程。与传统修复技术相比,硝酸盐回灌技术材料简单、技术难度低、二次风险小,有望成为一种经济、环保的石油衍生污染物和新兴污染物原位衰减技术。
Shuxuan Wu, Yu Yang, Xu Han, Sheng Deng, Jiayu Kang, Beidou Xi, Yonghai Jiang, Pilot-scale experimental study on the enhanced natural attenuation of complex organic contaminants based on the recharge of electron acceptors,
Water Research, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122731
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