Cite this article：
Ren, Y., Shao, Z., Zhang, Q. et al. Enhancing Road Drainage Systems for Extreme Storms: Integration of a High-Precision Flow Diversion Module into SWMM Code. Int J Disaster Risk Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-024-00594-2
增强道路排水系统以应对极端暴雨：将高精度流量分配模块集成至SWMM代码的方法
Yuting Ren, Zhiyu Shao, Qi Zhang, Wang Feng, Lei Xu, Huafeng Gong, Scott Yost, Lei Chen & Hongxiang Chai
摘要：
城市道路网络在极端暴雨事件中作为地表洪水排放的通道，能够有效降低城市潜在的洪涝风险。然而，对这些洪水流量进行精确估算面临重大挑战。这一困难主要源于道路交叉口复杂的三维流场特性，而传统的一维模型（如暴雨径流管理模型（SWMM））无法精确捕捉这些流动特性。尽管二维和三维水力学模型可以更好地描述这些流动，但它们过于复杂且计算量巨大，因此效率较低。本研究通过将一个半经验性流量分配公式集成至SWMM的源代码中，试图解决这一问题。该半经验公式基于水力学实验和计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟推导而来，能够捕捉T型交叉口的水流动力学特征。研究将改进后的SWMM与实验数据、原始SWMM、二维水力学模型MIKE21以及三维CFD模型FLUENT进行了对比分析。结果表明，改进的SWMM在精度上与二维MIKE21模型相当，但计算时间显著减少。相比MIKE21，本研究的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（NSE）达到了0.9729，均方根误差（RMSE）为0.042，同时计算时间减少了99%。改进后的SWMM适用于实际规模的城市道路网络，为城市道路排水系统的计算提供了一种高精度且高效的工具，对于有效的暴雨管理至关重要。
关键词：
极端暴雨；主要排水系统；道路交叉口；SWMM（暴雨径流管理模型）；城市道路洪涝
Enhancing Road Drainage Systems for Extreme Storms: Integration of a High-Precision Flow Diversion Module into SWMM Code
Yuting Ren, Zhiyu Shao, Qi Zhang, Wang Feng, Lei Xu, Huafeng Gong, Scott Yost, Lei Chen & Hongxiang Chai
Abstract：
Urban road networks function as surface passage for floodwater transport during extreme storm events to reduce potential risks in the city. However, precise estimation of these flow rates presents a significant challenge. This difficulty primarily stems from the intricate three-dimensional flow fields at road intersections, which the traditional one-dimensional models, such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), fail to precisely capture. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional hydraulic models are overly complex and computationally intensive and thus not particularly efficient. This study addresses these issues by integrating a semiempirical flow diversion formula into the SWMM source code. The semiempirical formula, derived from hydraulic experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations, captures the flow dynamics at T-shaped intersections. The modified SWMM’s performance was evaluated against experimental data, and the original SWMM, the two-dimensional MIKE21, and the three-dimensional FLUENT models. The results indicate that the modified SWMM matches the precision of the two-dimensional MIKE21, while significantly reducing computational time. Compared to MIKE21, this study achieved a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.9729 and a root mean square error of 0.042, with computational time reduced by 99%. The modified SWMM is suitable for real-sized urban road networks. It provides a high-precision tool for urban road drainage system computation that is crucial for effective stormwater management.
Keywords：
Extreme storms, Major drainage system, Road intersection, SWMM (Storm Water Management Model), Urban road fooding
文章链接：
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-024-00594-2