Cite this article：
Del Pinto, M., Chmutina, K., Palaiologou, F. et al. The Role of the Spatial Network in Urban Disaster Risk Variations: Reimagining the Notion of Spatial Vulnerability at the Urban Scale. Int J Disaster Risk Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-024-00554-w
城市灾害风险变化中空间网络的作用：城市尺度上的空间脆弱性概念的重构
Monia Del Pinto, Ksenia Chmutina, Falli Palaiologou & Lee Bosher
摘要：
在大多数灾害研究中，“空间脆弱性”的概念都带有强烈的地理含义，因此在包括城市在内的所有尺度上这个概念都被采用。这种以地理为中心的研究方式虽然能够绘制宏观风险模式图并使其可视化，但却无法捕捉到与城市空间网络相关的灾害风险动态——这个要素在城市的日常和应急功能中发挥着重要作用，使用户能够移动和互动。但城市脆弱性评估却忽视了这一点，从而使城市灾害风险的机制部分没有完全明晰。本文研究了城市公共开放空间（UPOS）网络在地震多发区城市灾害风险的产生和发展过程中的作用。研究采用多种方法，结合定量和定性方法，探讨了城市公共开放空间的空间配置、规划政策以及在日常和紧急情况下使用城市公共开放空间的实践。结果表明，城市公共开放空间的配置在减轻城市灾害风险中发挥着积极作用。城市公共开放空间通过影响行人的暴露程度及其自我保护能力来影响风险。这项研究进一步重新认识了城市尺度的空间脆弱性，将其视为与空间网络相关的脆弱性的一部分，强调了规划政策和空间实践在其产生和发展过程中的相互作用。本文的研究结果使空间脆弱性的概念在城市尺度上不再模糊，将其视为催生空间上不安全条件的减灾能力和灾害暴露程度的不平衡。通过识别和整合社会空间因素，这种精炼的空间脆弱性概念成为了减轻城市灾害风险和城市规划的更细化方法的一种视角。
关键词：
意大利中部地震；行人疏散；空间句法；空间脆弱性；城市灾害风险
The Role of the Spatial Network in Urban Disaster Risk Variations: Reimagining the Notion of Spatial Vulnerability at the Urban Scale
Monia Del Pinto, Ksenia Chmutina, Falli Palaiologou & Lee Bosher
Abstract：
The notion of “spatial vulnerability” is present in most disaster studies with a strong geographical connotation and accordingly is adopted at all scales, including the urban. While enabling mapping and visualizing risk patterns at macroscales, this geocentric foundation fails to capture disaster risk dynamics associated with the urban spatial network—an element that plays a significant role in the everyday and emergency functioning of cities, enabling users’ movement and interaction. Yet, urban vulnerability assessment overlooks this aspect and thus leaves urban disaster risk mechanisms partially unexplored. This study investigated the role of the network of urban public open spaces (UPOS) in the creation and progression of urban disaster risk in earthquake-prone settlements. Through a multimethod approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods and explores spatial configuration, planning policies, and practices of use of UPOS in everyday and emergency scenarios, our study demonstrated that UPOS configuration plays an active role in urban disaster risk. Urban public open spaces impact risk by influencing the exposure of pedestrians and their capacity for self-protection. The study further reconceptualized spatial vulnerability at the urban scale, as the fraction of vulnerability associated to the spatial network, highlighting the interplay of planning policies and spatial practices in its production and progression. Our findings make the notion of spatial vulnerability less ambiguous at the urban scale, by viewing the variable as an imbalance in capacities and exposure that generates spatially unsafe conditions. This refined conceptualization of spatial vulnerability becomes a lens for a more granular approach to urban disaster risk reduction and city planning by identifying and integrating sociospatial considerations.
Keywords：
Central Italy Earthquakes, Pedestrian evacuation, Space syntax, Spatial vulnerability, Urban disaster risk
文章链接：
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-024-00554-w
