Cite this article：
Xu, D., Lalani, N. & Wang, Y. Gender and Race Differences in Mental Health and Well-Being Among Older Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Disaster Risk Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-024-00551-z
COVID-19大流行期间美国老年人心理健康和幸福感的性别和种族差异
Dongjuan Xu, Nasreen Lalani & Yitong Wang
摘要：
本文的目的是研究：(1) COVID-19大流行期间老年人在心理健康和心理幸福感方面的性别和种族差异；(2) 性别和种族之间是否存在显著的交互效应。本研究使用了国家健康与老龄化趋势研究（NHATS）数据和COVID-19的公共数据。研究的重点是心理健康和心理幸福感，包括孤独感、自我时间不足、睡眠质量差、焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。本文的研究样本由2465名老年人组成，采用多变量逻辑回归和线性回归模型进行分析。结果显示，约五分之二的老年人（43%）有睡眠不好的经历，其次是孤独（35%）、焦虑（30%）、抑郁（23%）和自我时间不足（11%），创伤后应激障碍的平均得分是11分。心理健康和心理幸福感因性别和种族而异。女性和黑人老年人在焦虑和抑郁方面存在明显的交互影响。研究表明黑人女性的焦虑和抑郁症状水平低于黑人男性，但差异不具有统计学意义。与白人老年人相比，黑人老年人更容易患创伤后应激障碍，但更不容易感到孤独，睡眠质量也更差。除黑人女性外，女性老年人的心理健康和心理幸福感都比男性差。在不同种族和族群的所有女性中，黑人女性的焦虑、抑郁和孤独程度最低，睡眠质量最高。
关键词：
COVID-19；性别；心理健康；老年人；心理幸福感；种族和族群；美国
Gender and Race Differences in Mental Health and Well-Being Among Older Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dongjuan Xu, Nasreen Lalani & Yitong Wang
Abstract：
TThe objectives of this study were to investigate (1) gender and race differences in mental health and psychological well-being among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) whether there were significant interaction effects between gender and race. This study used the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and COVID-19 public use data files. It focused on mental health and psychological well-being, including loneliness, no time to yourself, poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The sample consisted of 2465 older adults, and multivariate logistic and linear regression models were adopted for the analysis. The results show that approximately two out of five older people (43%) experienced poor sleep, followed by loneliness (35%), anxiety (30%), depression (23%), and no time to themselves (11%). The average PTSD score was 11. Mental health and psychological well-being varied by gender and race. There were significant interaction effects on anxiety and depression between females and Black older adults. Black females reported lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms than Black males, although the differences were not statistically significant. Black older adults were more likely to experience PTSD but less likely to feel lonely and have poorer sleep than their White counterparts. Female older adults reported poorer mental health and psychological well-being than males, except for Black females. Black females had the lowest levels of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and highest quality of sleep among all females of different ethnic and racial origins.
Keywords：
COVID-19, Gender, Mental health, Older adults, Psychological well-being, Race and ethnicity, United States
文章链接：
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-024-00551-z
