拜登政府最终确定了对美国个人和公司在中国先进技术领域投资的限制，包括半导体、量子计算和人工智能。
这些规则经过一年多的审议后出台，禁止对某些行业的投资，并要求将其他行业的投资通知美国政府。其目标是防止美国资本和专业知识帮助中国开发可能使北京获得军事优势的关键技术。
负责投资安全的财政部助理部长保罗·罗森在一份新闻稿中表示：“美国的投资，包括管理援助、投资和人才网络等通常伴随此类资本流动的无形利益，不得用于帮助相关国家发展军事、情报和网络能力。”
最终框架将于 1 月 2 日生效，与 6 月份公布的一项提案基本一致，并进一步明确了规则的技术参数和美国政府对合规性的期望。
例如，一位高级政府官员表示，该规则禁止美国投资专注于先进半导体技术的中国公司，但只要求对专注于所谓传统芯片的中国公司进行投资时进行通知，这些芯片是老一代的零部件，对各种电子产品至关重要。美国已经限制向中国出口先进芯片，投资规则旨在补充现有的贸易限制。
与此同时，围绕人工智能投资的监管既取决于用于训练相关人工智能系统的计算能力，也取决于其预期用途。该规则禁止美国个人和公司收购专注于军事应用的中国人工智能公司的股权；投资具有其他应用的人工智能模型可能会受到禁令或通知要求。
某些类别的资本流动有豁免，包括公开交易的证券和某些有限合伙人投资。这位官员说，从广义上讲，该规则旨在捕捉投资模式，就像华盛顿智库安全与新兴技术中心 2023 年报告中指出的那些模式一样。研究人员发现，2015 年至 2021 年间，美国人参与了全球对中国人工智能公司的投资交易的 17%。在这些交易中，大约有十分之九处于风险投资阶段。
英文报道原文：
The Biden administration finalized restrictions on investments by US individuals and companies into advanced technology in China, including semiconductors, quantum computing and artificial intelligence.
The rules, which come after more than a year of deliberation, ban some investments into those industries and require the US government to be notified about others. The goal is to prevent American capital and know-how from helping China develop critical technologies that could lend Beijing a military edge.
“US investments, including the intangible benefits like managerial assistance and access to investment and talent networks that often accompany such capital flows, must not be used to help countries of concern develop their military, intelligence, and cyber capabilities,” Paul Rosen, assistant Treasury secretary for investment security, said in a press release.
The final framework, which takes effect Jan. 2, largely matches a proposal unveiled in June, with additional clarity on the technological parameters of the rule and the US government’s expectations around compliance.
For example, a senior administration official said, the rule bans American investment into Chinese firms focused on advanced semiconductor technologies, but only requires notification of investment into Chinese companies focused on so-called legacy chips, which are older-generation components that are essential to a wide array of electronics. The US already curbs the export of advanced chips to China, and the investment rules are designed to complement those existing trade restrictions.
The regulations around AI investments, meanwhile, depend on both the computing power used to train the AI system in question, as well as its intended use. The rule bans American individuals and companies from acquiring equity in Chinese AI firms focused on military applications; investing in AI models with other applications could be subject to either a ban or a notification requirement.
There are exemptions for certain categories of capital flows, including publicly traded securities and certain limited-partner investments. Broadly speaking, the official said, the rule is meant to capture investment patterns like those identified in a 2023 report from the Center for Security and Emerging Technology, a Washington-based think tank. The researchers found that Americans participated in 17% of global investment transactions with Chinese AI companies between 2015 and 2021. Of those deals, roughly nine in 10 were at the venture capital stage.
