血液国际谈丨Eolia Brissot教授:贝林妥欧单抗在急性淋巴细胞白血病非化疗策略中的深化与拓展

文摘   2024-10-24 17:38   北京  


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中国医师协会第十一届中法血液学学术会议吸引到数百名国内外血液学领域的权威专家和学者齐聚一堂。会议期间,《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》特邀巴黎圣安东尼医院Eolia Brissot教授分享非化疗策略在急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗中的最新探索。现将精粹整理成文,以飨读者。

《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》:


非化疗方案相比传统化疗在急性淋巴细胞白血病患者中的治疗效果和安全性上有何具体优势?

Eolia Brissot教授:在我看来,我们已步入一个崭新的医学时代,见证了贝林妥欧单抗(Blinatumumab)这一创新药物的诞生。贝林妥欧单抗是一种针对CD19与CD3的双特异性T细胞接合剂,其针对费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph+ ALL)的最佳治疗模型极具探讨价值。当前,该领域内的两项研究均提供了宝贵的临床见解。首先,值得关注的是一项由意大利研究团队开展的D-ALBA研究,探索了达沙替尼与贝林妥欧单抗联合用药的治疗方案。研究结果显示,该方案展现出了卓越的无进展生存期(PFS)或无白血病生存期(LFS),且随访周期相对较长,达到了约34个月。然而,值得注意的是,有4名患者在随访期间出现了中枢神经系统(CNS)复发,且这些复发病例携带有新型突变T315I。这一现象值得引发对以下两个关键问题的思考:一是单用达沙替尼可能不足以充分控制疾病进展,而普纳替尼或许能提供更优的治疗效果;二是为预防CNS复发,我们或许需要辅助使用化疗手段。


另一项由Jabbour团队发表的研究则聚焦于普纳替尼与贝林妥欧单抗的联合应用。该研究在初诊Ph+ ALL患者的治疗初期,即给予每天30毫克的普纳替尼,并在获得分子完全缓解(CR)后,将剂量调整至每天15毫克。研究结果显示,患者的总体生存期(OS)和PFS均表现出色,仅有一例患者接受了异基因造血干细胞移植。但研究团队同样观察到了CNS复发的情况。鉴于此,最近的一项研究尝试将低剂量的化疗与普纳替尼和贝林妥欧单抗联合使用,以期进一步优化治疗效果。我们期待该研究的长期随访结果,或许这将是目前针对Ph+ ALL的最佳治疗组合。需要强调的是,这并不是完全摒弃化疗,而是策略性地重新引入化疗,以更有效地预防CNS复发。

(上下滑动查看英文原文)

Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:How do non-chemotherapy regimens specifically outperform traditional chemotherapy in terms of efficacy and safety for patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia?
Professor Eolia Brissot:We are in a new era where we have the development of the blinatumomab, that is a CD19 and CD3 bispecific T cell engager.I think the best model is a Ph+ ALL. There are two main studies, the study from the Italian group D-ALBA study when they test the association of dasatinib plus blinatumomab. And they find excellent progression-free survival or leukemia-free survival, with a follow-up of a little bit more, around 34 months. They find four patients who are the CNS relapse and also different type of relapse with a new mutation T315I mutation. The question is maybe dasatinib is not sufficient,Ponatinib may be better. The other question is we need maybe chemotherapy to avoid CNS relapse.The second study is about ponatinib and the association with blinatumomab, and was published by Jabbour and colleague. Even in patient with de novo Ph+ ALL they perform the association of ponatinib at the beginning 30 milligrams per day. And when they obtained the molecular CR, they decrease to 15 milligrams per day. What they see is excellent also PFS on the overall survival. Only one patient underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. But they also observed some CNS relapse. It's why we had a recent study when they combine a little bit of chemotherapy plus ponatinib plus blinatumomab. And we're waiting for a long term follow-up, but maybe this is the best combination. Not to totally forgive to chemotherapy, but to reintroduce it to avoid CNS relapse.


《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》:


贵团队或国际上目前有哪些前沿的非化疗技术或疗法正在被研究用于急性淋巴细胞白血病的治疗?请举例说明。

Eolia Brissot教授:我认为,现在将贝林妥欧单抗用作一线治疗是一个相对较新的策略。因为《新英格兰医学杂志》中的一项研究已经表明,即使患者为微小残留病灶(MRD)阴性,使用贝林妥欧单抗也能带来更好的PFS和OS获益。事实上,在法国成人急性淋巴细胞白血病研究小组(GRAALL)中,我们已将贝林妥欧单抗纳入一线治疗方案。


关于CD38抗体的研究,同样存在一系列引人瞩目的数据,尤其在T淋巴细胞白血病(TLL)领域更为显著。在TLL复发的情况下,我们有时会采用CD38抗体进行治疗。未来数月乃至数年间,我们计划在一线治疗中进一步探索CD38抗体的应用潜力。同时,在疾病复发阶段,观察维奈托克(Venetoclax)与阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)的联合疗效同样具有重要意义。值得注意的是,在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)领域,也有研究揭示了这些药物的独特效果。传统中面对这类患者,我们时常面临治疗选择的困境。因此,我认为未来将会涌现出更多新型治疗手段。目前,我们已在患者复发时积极尝试这些治疗方法。然而,为了更准确地判断其在一线治疗中的应用前景,我们仍需深入探究其作用机制。

(上下滑动查看英文原文)

Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:What cutting-edge non-chemotherapy technologies or therapies are currently being investigated by your team or internationally for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia? Please provide some examples.
Professor Eolia Brissot:I think the quite new that I used to use blinatumomab in first line now. Because it had been a shown in the New England that even if patients are MRD negative, the benefit to receive blinatumomab to have a better PFS and OS. In fact, in the French GRAALL that is a cooperative group, we will incorporate blinatumomab in the first line.
There are also interesting data about CD38 antibody, but more in TLL. We use sometimes CD38 antibody in TLL relapse. We will look in the first line in the next months or next years. And in relapse I think it is interesting to look at Venetoclax and azacitidine. Even in ALL because there are some reports that show very interesting data. Sometimes we don't know what to do with this patient. So I think there are different kind of treatments that will be developed. And we are performing then today nowadays when patients are in relapse. But we have to better understand the mechanism to see if we can use them in the first line.


《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》:


对于未来急性淋巴细胞白血病的治疗,您认为非化疗方案将如何进一步发展和完善?有哪些潜在的研究方向或策略?

Eolia Brissot教授:这是一个颇为复杂且充满挑战的问题。尽管在过去5至8年间,急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的预后状况已有显著改善,然而复发的情况依然屡见不鲜。鉴于此,我们的首要且核心目标是实现一线治疗下患者的完全治愈。这或许正是我们针对B细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)倾向于采用化疗联合抗体治疗方案的原因所在。然而,对于那些复发风险较高的患者群体,特别是存在KMT2A基因重排,或同时携带IKZF1基因突变和NOTCH1基因突变的患者,则可能需要在一线治疗中引入更为强力的治疗手段,如嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法或异基因造血干细胞移植。但遗憾的是,目前我们尚无法明确这些治疗方法的确切疗效。


至于Ph+ ALL这类患者的预后改善无疑令人振奋。当前,我们普遍认为应采用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI),尤其是第三代TKI,并同时联用贝林妥欧单抗以增强疗效。近日,有研究报告指出,某研究小组正在尝试将达沙替尼与CD19和CD22 CAR-T细胞联合应用作为治疗储备,这一创新性的研究令人印象深刻。然而,我们仍需审慎思考,在临床实践中是否真正能够广泛采用这种治疗方法。或许,对于部分患者而言,采用抗体联合小剂量化疗的方案,既能在保证疗效的同时,又能降低治疗毒性,同样值得深入探讨和实践。

(上下滑动查看英文原文)

Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:How do you envision the further development and refinement of non-chemotherapy regimens for acute lymphocytic leukemia in the future? What are the potential research directions or strategies?
Professor Eolia Brissot:It's a difficult question, because, it's good, because we have seen that the prognostic of ALL patient have changed during the last 5 or 8 years, but there are still patients who relapse.
So first, the main goal is to cure patient in the first line. So it's why maybe for B-ALL to use, I think maybe chemotherapy antibody and could be sufficient.
And when people are at high risk of relapse, if they are KMT2A rearrangement, or if they are IKZF1 mutation plus NOTCH1 mutation to undergo in first line CAR-T cells or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We don't have the response now.
For Ph+ ALL, it's really fantastic to see the prognostic of this patient.Now we think really have to use TKI, maybe the third generation of TKI and to use also blinatumomab. This morning a group is using dasatinib plus a CD19 and CD22 CAR-T cells as a reservoir, very impressive. But I don't know if in clinical practice, we will be really able to have access to this kind of treatment. Maybe for now or another one, plus antibody plus a little bit of chemotherapy could be not so much toxic and to be very effective.


专家简介


Eolia Brissot教授

巴黎圣安东尼医院
欧洲血液和骨髓移植协会(EBMT)急性白血病工作组秘书


(来源:《肿瘤瞭望–血液时讯》编辑部)


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