高频话题08 人与自然—环境保护
Passage 1
Sir David Attenborough has devoted his life to the natural world and environmental causes. His work has raised awareness of the threats that habitats face, and it reminds us how we are all connected. It’s this devotion to science that has earned him multiple honors and awards. It’s really awe-inspiring to see how many he has, using a unique way to shine a light on just how many he holds.
David Attenborough’s name comprises 17 letters, or 20 if you want to throw the “Sir” distinction he earned when he was knighted(封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ in 1985. After those, there are 39 more letters concerning the multiple orders he has been awarded and societies he’s a member of. These letters are: OM, GSMG, CH, CVO, CBE, FRS, FSA, FRSA, FLS, FZS, FRSGS and FRSB.
But what do these letters mean? It’s easier to first divide them among orders and societies. The former are OM, GSMG, CH, CVO, CBE, and so on. These are handed out by the Royal Family for “exceptional service” and “major contributions” towards the advancement of the Arts, Learning, Literature, and Science.
The latter are fellowships that illustrate Attenborough’s wide interests and topics he’s an expert in. Beyond his titles, the 96-year-old naturalist has reached far and wide. His love for nature can be traced back to childhood when he spent his days collecting fossils, stones, and natural samples. Attenborough went on to study Natural Sciences at Cambridge before joining the BBC as a producer in 1952.
Throughout the English-speaking world, he is known for his contributions to the natural history documentary, particularly the powerful Life collection, which covers the subjects of animal and plant life on Earth. While the honors he has gotten pay tribute (致敬) to his achievements and dedication, his true pride likely lives in every person who decides to take a stand to protect our planet.
1. What’s the significance of Attenborough’s contribution to the environment?
A. It has brought him a lot of honors.
B. It causes the Royal Family to give help.
C. It provides people with many good programs.
D. It awakens people’s environmental awareness.
2. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. The great honors David Attenborough has got.
B. The different kinds of honors for different areas.
C. The hardness to get honors from the Royal Family.
D. The reason why David Attenborough was awarded.
3. What can we know about Attenborough from paragraph 4?
A. He spent most time playing outside when young.
B. His job was connected with his major at college.
C. His interest in nature began when he was young.
D. His interest changed after he attended the college.
4. Which can best describe Attenborough?
A. Fortunate.B. Critical.C. Strong-minded.D. Devoted.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了致力于环境实业的BBC制片人Sir David Attenborough的事迹。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His work has raised awareness of the threats that habitats face, and it reminds us how we are all connected.(他的工作提高了人们对栖息地面临的威胁的认识，并提醒我们，我们是如何联系在一起的。)”可知，他的工作让人们提高了人们对栖息地的威胁的认识，并提醒我们是如何被联系在一起的，由此可知，他的工作唤醒了人们的环保意识。故选D项。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“David Attenborough’s name comprises 17 letters, or 20 if you want to throw the “Sir” distinction he earned when he was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth II in 1985.( David Attenborough的名字由17个字母组成，如果你想加上他在1985年被英国女王伊丽莎白二世封为爵士时获得的“爵士”称号，那就是20个字母。)”可知，David Attenborough被伊丽莎白二世封为“爵士”称号，以及第三段中的“These are handed out by the Royal Family for “exceptional service” and “major contributions” towards the advancement of the Arts, Learning, Literature, and Science.(这些勋章由王室颁发给在艺术、学习、文学和科学领域做出“杰出贡献”和“重大贡献”的人。)”可知，讲述是David Attenborough获得的这些勋章都是往事颁发给做出“杰出贡献”和“重大贡献”的人，由此可知，作者在第二段和第三段主要讲述David Attenborough获得的荣誉。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His love for nature can be traced back to childhood when he spent his days collecting fossils, stones, and natural samples.(他对自然的热爱可以追溯到童年时代，那时他整天收集化石、石头和自然样本。)”可知，他对大自然的热爱可以追溯到他的童年时期，由此可知，从很小的时候Attenborough就对自然感兴趣。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据首段中的“Sir David Attenborough has devoted his life to the natural world and environmental causes.( David Attenborough毕生致力于自然世界和环境事业。)”以及下文中介绍的David Attenborough对环保事业做出的贡献以及获得的荣誉看，他对环保事业是有献身精神的。故选D项。
Passage 2
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
5. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with you.B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living.D. Help you to make the decision.
6. What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A. He disapproved of it.B. He was favorable to it.
C. He was tolerant of it.D. He didn’t care about it.
7. What can we infer about the author?
A. She is quite good at cooking.B. She respects others’ privacy.
C. She enjoys being a housewife.D. She is a determined person.
8. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to get on well with other family members.
B. How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
5.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
6.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
7.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
8.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready tojump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。
Passage 3
In late 2020, Detroit resident Oleita posted a video on Facebook that explained how to make sleeping bags from used potato chips and other snack bags. She could help the city’s homeless people find warmth during cold winters while also giving a second life to chip bags, which aren’t easily recyclable and usually end up in the trash.
Almost immediately after Oleita posted that first call for bags, people took notice. Local businesses offered to serve as collection points, and volunteers raised their hands to get involved.
“We’re all humans who share this planet together, and it’s my duty to make sure the person next to me has access to basic necessities,” says Oleita. “We have a major climate issue happening, and the people who are most influenced are those who are economically poor.”
For most of the Chip Bag Project’s existence, Oleita made sleeping bags all by herself. Now, she has some help. The group operates with a core team of 10 volunteers who do everything from making and delivering the bags to sourcing financial sponsors and doing community outreach.
The road to success has its ups and downs. For a while, the Chip Bag Project operated out of a small space donated by a local business, and the team recently had to leave. Yet they’re not giving up. Instead, the team does everything — including production, back-end business tasks and equipment and supply storage.
Oleita has served as a community organizer for the past decade, and she has experienced homelessness herself. She knew that this project needed to do more than just hand out sleeping bags. “This isn’t just a trash issue; it’s also a climate issue. And it’s not just a climate issue, but a human issue too. I’m always thinking of the world as interconnected — energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transferred.”
9. What made Oleita want to help homeless people?
A. Cold winter.B. Polluted environment.
C. Personal experience.D. Social responsibility.
10. What can we know about the project?
A. It consists of ten people.B. It is facing low efficiency.
C. It managed to run well.D. It is just about a human issue.
11. Which of the following best describes Oleita?
A. Modest.B. Kind-hearted.C. Ambitious.D. Self-motivated.
12. What is the text mainly about?
A. A touching story.B. Turning trash into treasure.
C. An accidental post.D. Helping people in need.
【答案】9. D 10. C 11. B 12. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Oleita变废为宝，利用用过的旧零食袋制作睡袋，帮助无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖的故事。
9.细节理解题。根据第三段中Oleita所说“We’re all humans who share this planet together, and it’s my duty to make sure the person next to me has access to basic necessities. (我们都是共同生活在这个星球上的人类，我有责任确保我身边的人能够获得基本的必需品。)”可知，是社会责任让Oleita想要帮助无家可归的人。故选D项。
10.推理判断题。根据第二段“Almost immediately after Oleita posted that first call for bags, people took notice. Local businesses offered to serve as collection points, and volunteers raised their hands to get involved. (在Oleita发布了第一个征集包的帖子后，人们几乎立即注意到了。当地企业主动提出充当收集点，志愿者也举手表示愿意参与其中。)”以及第四段中“Instead, the team does everything — including production, back-end business tasks and equipment and supply storage. (相反，团队包揽一切——包括生产、后端业务任务、设备和供应存储。)”可知，这个项目运行得很好。故选C项。
11.推理判断题题。根据第一段中“She could help the city’s homeless people find warmth during cold winters while also giving a second life to chip bags, which aren’t easily recyclable and usually end up in the trash. (她可以帮助这个城市无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖，同时也给薯片袋第二次生命，这些薯片袋不容易回收，通常会被扔进垃圾桶。)”可知，Oleita是个善良的人，热心帮助穷人并且积极保护环境。故选B项。
12.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“In late 2020, Detroit resident Oleita posted a video on Facebook that explained how to make sleeping bags from used potato chips and other snack bags. She could help the city’s homeless people find warmth during cold winters while also giving a second life to chip bags, which aren’t easily recyclable and usually end up in the trash. (2020年底，底特律居民Oleita在脸书上发布了一段视频，解释了如何用用过的薯片和其他零食袋制作睡袋。她可以帮助这个城市无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖，同时也给薯片袋第二次生命，这些薯片袋不容易回收，通常会被扔进垃圾桶。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Oleita变废为宝，利用用过的旧零食袋制作睡袋，帮助无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖的故事。故选B项。
Passage 4
(2023-2024学年高二上学期·浙江省台州八校联盟·期中统考)
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification(沙漠化). “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated(巩固) her dream of fighting the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy(理念) into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
13. How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her?
A. They made her decide to leave the country.
B. They helped her better understand her father.
C. They aroused her enthusiasm for helping others.
D. They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
14. What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland?
A. Low rainfall.B. Soil pollution.C. Cold weather.D. Forest damage.
15. Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia?
A. To create job opportunities for young people.
B. To help the children obtain a basic education.
C. To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D. To promote the protection of their farmland.
16. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Saving Water in TunisiaB. Holding back the Sahara
C. Planting Trees of Native SpeciesD. Fighting Poverty in North Africa
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公图米在假期陪伴父亲回突尼斯东部的出生地后，激发了她要帮助当地人的热情，由此创立了Acacias for All项目，种植金合欢树，保护当地农田免遭撒哈拉沙漠吞噬，实践其可持续农业的理念。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. (从9岁起，她就开始在假期陪伴她来自于突尼斯的父亲去突尼斯东部的出生地，这激发了她帮助他人的热情。)”可知，图米去突尼斯度假的经历唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。故选C项。
14.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业土地受到沙漠化的威胁。)”可知，降雨量少是突尼斯农田沙漠化的主要原因。故选A项。
15.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy (理念) into action. (她搬到突尼斯，并建立了一个名为Acacias for All的项目，将她的可持续农业理念付诸行动。)”，最后一段中“By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民记录其成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金金合欢。)”可知，她创立Acacias for All项目的目的是保护当地的农田。故选D项。
16.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段中“By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民记录其成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金合槐。)”可知，文章讲述的是主人公图米在9岁时，在一次陪伴爸爸回突尼斯家乡时激发了她要帮助当地人的热情，由此创立了Acacias for All项目，种植金合欢树，改善保护当地农田，坚持与沙漠化作斗争，实践其可持续农业的理念。B选项“Holding back the Sahara (阻挡撒哈拉沙漠)”符合文章标题。故选B项。
