高频话题07 人与自然—人与动植物
Passage 1
Lillian, 17, had just started working as a lifesaver at a beach in Australia on New Year’s Eve when beach-goers started to point and shout at the water. The workers quickly examined the situation and saw that a kangaroo had jumped out of the bushes(灌木丛) — straight into the sea.
The animal seemed confused by the fishermen standing on the rocks. So instead of turning back and heading back into the bushes, it jumped right into the water! The poor thing bobbed(摆动)around in the waves and went underwater several times before Lillian decided to take action.
As with any other animal rescue, it’s important to approach the situation withprudence. Wild animals that are stressed can become dangerous to their rescuers, and Lillian was aware of the risks as she took her rescue board and hit the water at a run. “It just didn’t want to come on to the beach because it was kind of scared,” she said. “I was trying to figure out how to get it on the board. But considering that it’s a wild animal, even though I was helping, I wouldn’t want to be hurt by it or make it more stressed out.”
As beach-goers recorded the rescue on their phones,Lillian paddled(用浆划船) behind the animal carefully and guided the kangaroo onto the beach. As soon as Lillian’s feet touched the sand, the beach erupted in cheers for her!“It was quite special. As people there were cheering and clapping, the kangaroo was just sitting there up in the bushes staring at me, as if it was conveying something with its shining eyes,” Lillian said. “I didn’t think that was going to ever be my first rescue, I may have more rescues in the future, but none would be as memorable as this one.”
1. What happened to the kangaroo?
A. It jumped off the rocks by mistake,
B. It jumped into the sea by accident,
C. It was forced to leave the bushes.
D. It was washed away into the sea.
2. What does the underlined word “prudence” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Inspiration.B. Hope.C. Care.D. Shock.
3. How did the kangaroo react to its rescuer?
A. It couldn’t wait to leave her.
B. It was worried about her safety.
C. It was confused about her action.
D. It seemed grateful for her help.
4. Which of the followings can best describe Lillian?
A. Far-sighted and independent.B. Talented and positive.
C. Brave and cautious.D. Determined and ambitious.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Lillian水中救袋鼠的故事。
1.细节理解题。由文章第二段“The animal seemed confused by the fishermen standing on the rocks. So instead of turning back and heading back into the bushes, it jumped right into the water! (站在岩石上的渔民似乎把这只动物弄糊涂了。因此，它没有转身返回灌木丛，而是直接跳入水中！)”可知，袋鼠跳进了海里。故选B项。
2.词句猜测题。由第三段后文“Wild animals that are stressed can become dangerous to their rescuers, and Lillian was aware of the risks as she took her rescue board and hit the water at a run.(承受压力的野生动物可能会对救援人员造成危险，Lillian意识到了风险，她拿起救援板，在水中奔跑。)”可知，救受惊野生动物很危险，所以救生员应该是“小心”地接近它们。所以猜测prudence是“小心”的意思。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。由第四段“It was quite special. As people there were cheering and clapping, the kangaroo was just sitting there up in the bushes staring at me, as if it was conveying something with its shining eyes,(这很特别。当那里的人们欢呼和鼓掌时，袋鼠就坐在灌木丛中凝视着我，好像它在用闪亮的眼睛传递着什么，)”可以推测，袋鼠应该是看起来很感激被救的。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。由文章第三段“Wild animals that are stressed can become dangerous to their rescuers, and Lillian was aware of the risks as she took her rescue board and hit the water at a run.(承受压力的野生动物可能会对救援人员造成危险，Lillian意识到了风险，她拿起救援板，在水中奔跑。)”以及第四段“As beach-goers recorded the rescue on their phones,Lillian paddled(用浆划船)behind the animal carefully and guided the kangaroo onto the beach.(当海滩游客用手机记录救援情况时，莉莲小心翼翼地在动物身后划水，并将袋鼠引导到海滩上。)”以及上下文可知，Lillian是很勇敢和小心的。故选C项。
Passage 2
Like most of his classmates, Zhang Yixuan is facing academic pressure as he is preparing to attend the national college entrance examination, or gaokao, next year. However, compared with playing smartphones and games, Zhang Yixuan prefers spending his summer vacation walking in wild nature, meeting little creatures like crabs. His bedroom is packed with dozens of “living treasures” that he has collected from the outdoors, including insects, fish, and crabs.
It is the microscope that his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini-biology lab than anything else and it’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying or observing crabs day and
night. With the help of the microscope, Zhang buries. Himself in studying the natural world. Sometimes he spends hours simply examining the leg of a crab. It was his deep interest in nature that led Zhang into a new world of discovery.
Last year, a group of crabs caught Zhang’s attention since they looked unusual compared with the commonly seen ones in Rongxian county, where he lives. He decided to take seven of them home. After much observation and lots
of researches by reading related articles and documents, Zhangspeculatedthat it must be a new species. And it proved to be true by experts.
The hardworking and gifted teenager is very grateful to his parents for their understanding and support. His father Zhang Lefei, who was born in a rural area, loved catching fish and crabs himself at an early age. So he and his wife would take their son out into nature to explore as much as possible and would allow him to observe crabs quietly without any disturbs.
They say interest is the best teacher. And so are parents, it seems.
5. What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Zhang Yixuan?
A. His hobbies.B. His character.
C. His academic pressure.D. His relationship with others.
6. Where does Zhang Yixuan carry out his research?
A. In the wild.B. In his school.
C. In his bedroom.D. In a biology lab.
7. What does the underlined word “speculated” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Showed.B. Inferred.
C. Argued.D. Suggested.
8. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Zhang’s parents?
A. To share their interest.B. To show their support.
C. To indicate their effort.D. To reveal their background.
【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了高中生张义轩在面临高考压力时，通过对大自然的探索和研究，对螃蟹进行观察和鉴定，最终发现了一种新的物种。张义轩父母对他的兴趣和研究给予了理解和支持，他们在大自然中带他探索，为他提供了良好的环境。
5.主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, compared with playing smartphones and games, Zhang Yixuan prefers spending his summer vacation walking in wild nature, meeting little creatures like crabs. His bedroom is packed with dozens of “living treasures” that he has collected from the outdoors, including insects, fish, and crabs.(然而，与玩智能手机和游戏相比，张义轩更喜欢在大自然中漫步，结识螃蟹等小生物。他的卧室里堆满了几十个他从户外收集的“活的宝贝”，包括昆虫、鱼和螃蟹。)”可知，本段主要介绍了张义轩的爱好。故选A。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the microscope that his father bought him that makes the bedroom look more like a mini-biology lab than anything else and it’s a place where Zhang can devote himself to identifying or observing crabs day and night.(正是父亲给他买的显微镜，让他的卧室看起来更像是一个微型生物实验室，在这里，张可以日夜专注于识别或观察螃蟹。)”可知，他的观察实验都是在他的卧室里进行的。故选C。
7.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前面的内容“ After much observation and lots of researches by reading related articles and documents(经过大量的观察和研究，通过阅读相关的文章和文献)”以及后文“And it proved to be true by experts.(专家们证明了这一点。)”可推知，张经过大量的观察和研究，通过阅读相关的文章和文献由此推测这是新的物种，由此后文提出专家证明了这一点，因此画线词意为“推测”。故选B。
8.推理判断题。根据第四段“The hardworking and gifted teenager is very grateful to his parents for their understanding and support. (这个勤奋又有天赋的少年非常感谢他父母的理解和支持。)”以及最后一段“They say interest is the best teacher. And so are parents, it seems.(他们说兴趣是最好的老师。父母们似乎也是如此。)”可推知，作者提及张的父母旨在体现他的父母对他的支持。故选B。
Passage 3
There’s a popular misconception that rhinos are aggressive and stupid, but I discovered sensitive, affectionate animals. Weighing over a ton, black rhinos are unexpectedly agile and have an unpredictable nature-but, given reassurance, they can be very trusting. In the past few decades, their numbers have dropped dramatically. In recent years, I’ve helped look after rhinos being moved to sanctuaries(保护区), so they can form new populations in countries that have few left.
Last year, I helped on a project to fly five black rhinos from a private reserve in South Africa to the Serengeti National Park. Once there, the animals had to be kept captive for a few weeks to adapt to the new environment, in which time they lived in “bomas”-wooden enclosures(围场) with “bedrooms”, designed to create a calm space.
A couple of weeks before their planned release, the sky filled with smoke. Watching the flames rushing through the bush toward the bomas, I froze. Terrified that it would catch fire, my instinct was to release the rhinos, but hey hadn’t yet been fitted with transmitters. If I let them out into a bushfire and they were injured, we’d have great difficulty tracking them down.
So I dashed back to the bomas and called the rhinos to the bedrooms. Sensing the fear in my voices, they moved without hesitation and remained astonishingly calm. It was crucial the rhinos didn’t panic -they can easily hurt each other if they do.
Meanwhile, the rangers managed to beat the closest flames away. At last, after half an hour, the wind changed direction and the fire began to recede.
That we and the rhinos had escaped unhurt was a miracle. The teamwork of everybody there played a large part, and the rhinos were very much a part of that team. The relationships we’d built with them had proved crucial - had they or we panicked, all our work would have been in vain. Instead, two weeks later, they were released into the wild, ready to found part of a new population in the Serengeti.
9. What kind of animals does the author think rhinos are?
A. Unfriendly.B. Cruel.C. Mild.D. Curious.
10. Why did the black rhinos have to live in “bomas” for some time?
A. To get ready for life in a new habitat.B. To be trained to act less aggressively.
C. To learn crucial survival skills in the wild.D. To form a closer relationship with humans.
11. What was the author’s first reaction to the bushfire?
A. She had to plant transmitters in the rhinos.
B. She had to set the rhinos free immediately.
C. She had to lead the rhinos to a safer place.
D. She had to put out the nearest flames.
12. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. How the rhinos were released to the wild.B. Why protecting rhinos is important.
C. What helped the rhinos and people escape.D. What enabled the rhinos to remain calm.
【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C
【语篇解读】本文一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在做照顾转移到保护区的犀牛的工作时遭遇森林大火，在护林员、风向和犀牛的配合下，他们成功逃生的事情。
9.细节理解题。根据第一段中“There’s a popular misconception that rhinos are aggressive and stupid, but I discovered sensitive, affectionate animals. (有一种普遍的误解认为犀牛是好斗和愚蠢的，但我发现了敏感、深情的动物。)”可知，作者认为犀牛是温和的动物。故选C项。
10.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once there, the animals had to be kept captive for a few weeks to adapt to the new environment, in which time they lived in “bomas” — wooden enclosures (围场) with “bedrooms”, designed to create a calm space. (一旦到了那里，这些动物必须被圈养几个星期以适应新的环境，在此期间，它们住在“bomas”——带“卧室”的木制围栏里，旨在创造一个平静的空间。)”可知，让黑犀牛在bomas里生活一段时间是为了它们为新栖息地的生活做好准备。故选A项。
11.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Watching the flames rushing through the bush toward the bomas, I froze. Terrified that it would catch fire, my instinct was to release the rhinos (看着火焰穿过灌木丛冲向围场，我僵住了。由于害怕它会着火，我的本能是释放犀牛)”可知，作者对森林大火的第一反应是必须立即释放犀牛。故选B项。
12.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“That we and the rhinos had escaped uninjured was a miracle. The teamwork of everybody there played a large part, and the rhinos were very much a part of that team. The relationships we’d built with them had proved crucial — had they or we panicked, all our work would have been in vain. (我们和犀牛能毫发无损地逃脱真是个奇迹。每个人的团队合作发挥了很大的作用，犀牛是这个团队的重要组成部分。事实证明，我们与他们建立的关系至关重要——如果他们或我们惊慌失措，我们所有的努力都将付诸东流。)”可知，最后一段主要讲是什么让犀牛和人类从火灾中逃脱。故选C项。
Passage 4
If you live near a deep forest, you might have come across some wildlife animals hiding in your backyard, but nothing beats the surprise this woman got when she found three baby deer hiding in her house to wait out the storm.
The woman then posted several photos of the baby deer taking refuge(避难) in one of her rooms on her Twitter account “Amscolie”. She wrote that it was a very stormy day and a rainstorm was approaching so she left her back door open just in case some animals wanted to take refuge in her house. In the meantime, she went out in the storm to check whether there were any animals that were stuck in the bad weather, especially a number of deer. However, she could not find any of them so she went back to her home.
Surprisingly, she found that the deer had already made their way inside her house!
Like many other animals, deer can predict stormy weather and know when it is best to find a shelter from the dangerous weather. As the back door was opened, she did not notice when the deer entered her house. The three intelligent baby deer made their way inside but there was no sight of their parents. The woman did try to find if there was any deer nearby her house butto no avail. The woman thought that the baby deer might have lost their parents so she welcomed them with open arms.
“I raise orphaned(孤儿的) wildlife. Recently, as a storm was coming, I doubted some wildlife couldn’t find shelters, so I opened the back door. With a shock, I went inside, only to see them next to an end table in the living room. I told them they could sleep in the house for the night because the weather was going to be terrible. What a day!” the woman wrote on LittleThings.com.
13. How did the baby deer enter the woman’s house?
A. The woman led them in.
B. The woman invited them in.
C. They always hid at woman’s home.
D. They entered through the back door.
14. What do we know about the woman from paragraph 2?
A. She raises deer in her own house.
B. She lost her deer on a stormy night.
C. She is devoted to protecting wildlife.
D. She hardly came across wild animals.
15. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “to no avail” in paragraph 4?
A. Failed.B. Ignored.C. Missed.D. Disappeared.
16. What kind of person is the woman?
A. Patient and honest.B. Selfless and humorous.C. Courageous and selfish.D. Warm-hearted and responsible.
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个女人保护野生动物的故事，在暴风雨天，她把后门打开以便一些动物避难，还在暴风雨中查看是否有动物被困，当她回到家的时候，她发现三只小鹿躲进了她的屋子，于是热情地欢迎了它们。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段中“She wrote that it was a very stormy day and a rainstorm was approaching so she left her back door open just in case some animals wanted to take refuge in her house. (她写道，那是一个狂暴风雨的日子，暴风雨即将来临，所以她把后门开着，以防一些动物想在她的房子里避难)”和第四段中“As the back door was opened, she did not notice when the deer entered her house. (由于后门是开着的，她没有注意到那些鹿进了她的房子)”可知，小鹿是通过开着的后门进入了她的房子。故选D项。
14.推理判断题。根据第二段中“She wrote that it was a very stormy day and a rainstorm was approaching so she left her back door open just in case some animals wanted to take refuge in her house. In the meantime, she went out in the storm to check whether there were any animals that were stuck in the bad weather, especially a number of deer. (她写道，那是一个狂暴风雨的日子，暴风雨即将来临，所以她把后门开着，以防一些动物想在她的房子里避难。与此同时，她在暴风雨中出去查看是否有动物被困在恶劣的天气中，特别是一些鹿)”可知，这个女人特意把后门打开以便一些动物在暴风雨天避难，甚至亲自去查看是否有动物被困。由此可知，她致力于保护野生动物。故选C项。
15.词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“The woman did try to find if there was any deer nearby her house (这个女人确实试图寻找她的房子附近是否有鹿)”和表示转折意思的“but”可推知，这个女人去寻找了，但是没有找到，to no avail意思应该是“失败”，与fail意思接近。故选A项。
16.推理判断题。根据第二段中“She wrote that it was a very stormy day and a rainstorm was approaching so she left her back door open just in case some animals wanted to take refuge in her house. In the meantime, she went out in the storm to check whether there were any animals that were stuck in the bad weather, especially a number of deer. (她写道，那是一个狂暴风雨的日子，暴风雨即将来临，所以她把后门开着，以防一些动物想在她的房子里避难。与此同时，她在暴风雨中出去查看是否有动物被困在恶劣的天气中，特别是一些鹿)”可知，这个女人特意把后门打开方便想躲避暴风雨的动物，甚至亲自去查看是否有动物被困，因此她是热心的。根据第四段中“The woman did try to find if there was any deer nearby her house but to no avail. The woman thought that the baby deer might have lost their parents so she welcomed them with open arms. (这个女人确实试图寻找她的房子附近是否有鹿，但无济于事。这个女人认为小鹿可能失去了父母，所以她张开双臂欢迎它们)”可知，在发现了小鹿后，女人出去确认附近是否有其他鹿，可能是想找到小鹿的父母，因此她是有责任心的。故选D项。
Passage 5
Three cute brown bear cubs who got lost after getting separated from their mother gripped the hearts of netizens.
The fuzzy cubs were spotted by Gelek Gyatso, an ecological protection officer, when he was patrolling a riverbed at an altitude of nearly 4, 500 meters in Qumarleb county in Qinghai province’s Yushu.
The little cubs eagerly ran toward the ranger on the snow-covered riverbed, then stopped short at a safe distance to stare at him curiously. After realizing that the man was not their mother, the bear cubs turned around and ran along the river calling for mom.
This was Gelek Gyatso’s first encounter with bear cubs separated from their mother. With his knowledge of wild animals, he drove the cubs towards an area near their cave in the hope of a safe reunion. Thankfully, later that day, other patrol officers found that the mother bear had reunited with her cubs and that the family was happy and healthy.
This year marks Gelek Gyatso’s tenth year as an ecological protection officer. He patrols the area every day, diligently records the animals he sees, carefully checks on the vegetation, and helps clean up litter.
Over the decade, Gelek Gyatso has witnessed great changes in the ecological environment of his hometown. There has been an increase in the number of wild animals, and everyone is participating in the protection of these species, making coexistence between humans and animals more harmonious.
He also reminds people that if they encounter wild animals in the wild, they should keep their distance, not disturbing or feeding them, and that if they find an animal that needs to be rescued, they should call the fire or forest department in time.
17. What happened to the three bear cubs?
A. Losing track of the mother bear.
B. Following Gelek with curiosity.
C. Mistaking a man for their mother.
D. Being trapped in the cold riverbed.
18. Which of the following best describes Gelek?
A. Ambitious.B. Romantic.C. Devoted.D. Innovative.
19. According to Gelek, what should people do to live in harmony with wildlife?
A. Changing their living surroundings.
B. Feeding and sheltering wild animals.
C. Getting involved in saving endangered species.
D. Seeking professional help to rescue those in need.
20. What is the best title for the text?
A. A project of wildlife conservation
B. A journey of friendship connection
C. A knowledgeable ecological officer
D. An encounter leading to a safe reunion
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是青海省玉树县库马勒勒县的生态保护官员Gelek Gyatso发现三只与妈妈走散后走失的棕熊幼崽，并帮助这三只棕熊幼崽与自己的妈妈团聚的故事。
17.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Three cute brown bear cubs who got lost after getting separated from their mother gripped the hearts of netizens. (与妈妈走散后走失的三只可爱的棕熊幼崽抓住了网友们的心。)”可知，这三只可爱的棕熊幼崽和熊妈妈走失了。故选A。
18.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“This year marks Gelek Gyatso’s tenth year as an ecological protection officer. He patrols the area every day, diligently records the animals he sees, carefully checks on the vegetation, and helps clean up litter. (今年是Gelek Gyatso担任生态保护官的第十个年头。他每天都在该地区巡逻，勤奋地记录他看到的动物，仔细检查植被，并帮助清理垃圾。)”以及Gelek Gyatso帮助三只小熊和妈妈团聚的故事可知，Gelek Gyatso是个对工作认真负责的人。故选C。
19.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He also reminds people that if they encounter wild animals in the wild, they should keep their distance, not disturbing or feeding them, and that if they find an animal that needs to be rescued, they should call the fire or forest department in time. (他还提醒人们，如果在野外遇到野生动物，要保持距离，不要打扰或喂食，如果发现需要救援的动物，要及时给消防或森林部门打电话。)”可知，Gelek Gyatso建议人们如果发现需要救援的动物，要及时给消防或森林部门打电话。也就是遇到需要救援的动物，应该向专业人士求助。故选D。
20.主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“This was Gelek Gyatso’s first encounter with bear cubs separated from their mother. With his knowledge of wild animals, he drove the cubs towards an area near their cave in the hope of a safe reunion. Thankfully, later that day, other patrol officers found that the mother bear had reunited with her cubs and that the family was happy and healthy. (这是Gelek Gyatso第一次遇到与母亲分离的小熊。凭借对野生动物的了解，他把这些幼崽赶到洞穴附近的一个地方，希望它们能安全团聚。值得庆幸的是，当天晚些时候，其他巡逻人员发现熊妈妈和她的孩子们团聚了，全家人都很快乐、健康。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的Gelek Gyatso与三只棕熊幼崽的相遇带来了熊妈妈和她的孩子们团聚。故选D。
