Self-management refers to self-control, which is a sign of inner power. There is no one easy or simple way to learn it, as everyone’s mind works differently from another. 1 Here’s a list of ways to develop self-management skills.
Have goals
If something is important enough for you, it should be written down somewhere as your goal. Whether it is losing some weight or finishing a course with a certain grade, having a goal to reach is important for your motivation. You can certainly have more than one goal. 2
Set a schedule
Daily or weekly schedules give you more of a feeling that things are being accomplished (完成). Students who set schedules for themselves tend to be a bit more organized and aware of everything that is happening around them. 3 For example, they usually like studying for a few hours now and then they can hang out with their friends later.
4
If you fail to hit your goals, adjust your goals to make up for your past mistakes. Take a step back and assess (评估) what you are doing and change it. It’s okay not to reach goals, as long as you can acknowledge it honestly and make positive changes towards meeting your goals. 5 But sometimes you just fall short. Knowing that it’s okay and move on, you can pick yourself back up quickly.
The above self-management skills are essential for your development, which can truly change your future. So take it seriously and find ways to improve yourself!
A．Be honest to yourself
B．Assess yourself honestly
C．But there are certain things that work for most.
D．You can break it down to yearly, monthly, weekly, and even daily ones.
E．As long as you have a clear schedule, it’s possible for you to achieve them all.
F．They’re able to think in advance about what they need to accomplish now or later.
G．This step is especially hard because you want to feel good about yourself and achieve your goals.
【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．B 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是培养自我管理能力的技能。
1．根据空前的“There is no one easy or simple way to learn it, as everyone’s mind works differently from another.(没有一种简单或简单的方法来学习它，因为每个人的思维方式都不同。)”可知，人们的思维方式不同，所以没有一种简单的方法可供学习，空后的“Here’s a list of ways to develop self-management skills.(以下是发展自我管理技能的方法列表。)”可知，下面讲述自我管理的几种方法，由此可推断，此空处应为承上启下，C选项“But there are certain things that work for most.(但是有些事情对大多数人都有效。)”中的but为解题关键，将内容从空前过渡到空后，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。
2．根据本段的主题“Have goals(有目标)”可知本段主要讲述的是要拥有目标，根据空前的“You can certainly have more than one goal.(你当然可以有多个目标。)”可知，目标可以有不止一个，E选项“As long as you have a clear schedule, it’s possible for you to achieve them all.(只要你有明确的时间表，你就有可能实现所有这些目标。)”中的代词them指代的是这些目标，且与主题相关。故选E项。
3．根据空后的“For example, they usually like studying for a few hours now and then they can hang out with their friends later.(例如，他们通常喜欢偶尔学习几个小时，然后他们可以和朋友出去玩。)”可知，此空处表述的内容应是他们能够计划好当前和以后的事情，F选项“They’re able to think in advance about what they need to accomplish now or later.(他们能够提前考虑他们现在或以后需要完成什么。)”中的代词they与空后内容指代一致，且“now or later”与空后的内容语境吻合。故选F项。
4．分析篇章结构可知，此处应为本段的小标题，结合前面的两个小标题为祈使句可知，此空处应为祈使句，所以A选项和B选项符合条件，根据该段中的“If you fail to hit your goals, adjust your goals to make up for your past mistakes. Take a step back and assess (评估) what you are doing and change it. (如果你没有达到你的目标，调整你的目标来弥补你过去的错误。退后一步，评估你正在做的事情并改变它。)”可知，该段主要讲述的是诚实地评估自己，B选项“Assess yourself honestly”内容与主题吻合。故选B项。
5．根据空前的“It’s okay not to reach goals, as long as you can acknowledge it honestly and make positive changes towards meeting your goals.(没有达到目标没关系，只要你能诚实地承认它，并为实现你的目标做出积极的改变。)”可知，只要承认自己没有实现目标，并积极做出调整去实现你的目标就可以，G选项“This step is especially hard because you want to feel good about yourself and achieve your goals.(这一步特别困难，因为您想自我感觉良好并实现目标。)”中的this step指代的是空前的做法。符合语境。故选G项。
One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?
Listen— Listen when they are talking. 6 . Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. 7 . Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.
8 — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous US actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. 9 . But if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!
Make plans — Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. 10 .
A．Be there for them
B．Never laugh at your friends
C．Sometimes I am out of control
D．It’s never too late to make new friends
E．Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question
F．And you’ll remember these things when you're all old
G．Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one
【答案】6．E 7．G 8．A 9．C 10．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何成为一个好朋友。
6．根据上文“Listen — Listen when they are talking.(听——当他们说话的时候听)”以及后文“Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.(有时候，你没有必要说什么；他们只是需要有人倾诉自己的感受)”可知，后文提到他们只是需要有人倾诉自己的感受，说明不需要多说什么，除非别人问起。故E选项“除非他们问你问题，否则什么都不要说”符合语境，故选E。
7．根据上文“Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do.(帮助他们——如果你的朋友需要什么，一定要帮助他们。你应该试着把他们放在第一位，但要确保你没有做他们想让你做的每件事)”可知，本句承接上文举例说明应该如何帮助朋友。故G选项“去上课时尽量多带一支铅笔或钢笔，以防他们忘了带”符合语境，故选G。
8．根据后文“But if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!(“但如果你不能在我最坏的时候和我在一起，那你也不配和我最好的时候在一起。”永远记住这一点！如果你不想在朋友困难的时候和他们在一起，那么你也不配在他们开心的时候和他们在一起！)”可知，后文提到在朋友困难的时候和他们在一起，即陪伴朋友。故A选项“陪伴他们”符合语境，故选A。
9．根据上文“I often make mistakes.(我经常犯错误)”以及后文“But if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.(但如果你不能在我最坏的时候和我在一起，那你也不配和我最好的时候在一起)”可知，本句与上文都是在描述Marilyn Monroe状态不好的情况。故C选项“有时候我失控了”符合语境，故选C。
10．根据上文“Make plans — Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time.(制定计划——试着和你的朋友一起制定计划。去购物、吃冰淇淋、开派对、看电影等等。花点时间做一些你们都喜欢的事情来更好地了解彼此。一起计划事情，你们俩都会玩得很开心)”可知，上文提到了和朋友制定计划，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明这些事情对你们的影响。故F选项“当你们老了的时候，你们会记得这些事情”符合语境，故选F。
No More Negative Energy
It’s been a hard year but, while we can’t change what’s happening in the world, we can focus on improving our positive vibes (氛围).
Accept feeling negative
Feeling negative is actually normal. It’s a defence mechanism (机制) that flags up danger so you can avoid it. 11 , though you don’t want to be overwhelmed by negativity.
Freshen up your home
Nothing cheers you up quite like improving your surroundings. 12 . You might want to decorate a room, or do something as simple as hanging a new picture, or putting out a vase of flowers.
Start the day well
13 . Get up at the same time, do some exercise-physical activity is proven to help mental health and have a good breakfast. To keep it healthy, follow the rule of a whole grain carbohydrate, a serving of dairy or other high-calcium food, and one of fruit. So, for example, eat a plain yogurt with blueberries, and a slice of wholemeal toast spread with jam.
14
Put positive energy into your daily routine by making time for activities that bring you pleasure. Make a coffee date with a friend-do it by Zoom or some other online video platform if you can’t meet face to face. 15 . Take a regular walk where you explore somewhere new in your locality.
A．Create joy in your life
B．Remind yourself of the good
C．Try writing a list of the things you’re thankful for
D．Set aside an hour to play a board game with your family
E．Know that it’s actually a healthy response to unpleasant situations
F．That’s because your environment has a big impact on the way you feel
G．A good morning routine will give you the best possible chance of a good start every day
【答案】11．E 12．F 13．G 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是如何专注于改善我们的积极氛围。
11．根据小标题Accept feeling negative(接受消极情绪)以及空前的“Feeling negative is actually normal. It’s a defence mechanism (机制) that flags up danger so you can avoid it.(感觉消极其实很正常。这是一种防御机制，可以标记危险，以便你可以避免它)”可知消极情绪是一种正常现象，根据空后“though you don’t want to be overwhelmed by negativity.(虽然你不想被消极情绪淹没。)”中的though可知空处的内容应与空后的内容相反，E项Know that it’s actually a healthy response to unpleasant situations(要知道这其实是对不愉快情况的健康反应)承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选E项。
12．根据小标题Freshen up your home(整理你的家)以及空前“Nothing cheers you up quite like improving your surroundings.(没有什么比改善你的环境更能让你高兴的了)”可知好的家庭环境能让我们更高兴。由此推知，空处应该讲为什么我们要在家里营造一个良好的环境，F项That’s because your environment has a big impact on the way you feel(这是因为你的环境对你的感觉有很大的影响)承上启下，而且F项中的That指代空前的内容，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
13．根据小标题Start the day well(好好开始新的一天)以及空后“Get up at the same time, do some exercise-physical activity is proven to help mental health and have a good breakfast.(在同一时间起床，做一些运动——体育活动被证明有助于心理健康，并吃一顿好的早餐)”可知此处讲的是新的一天对于消除消极情绪的重要性及如何开始新的一天，空处位于段首，应该对本段内容进行总结，所以空处应该讲的是良好的早晨习惯的好处，G项A good morning routine will give you the best possible chance of a good start every day(良好的早晨习惯会让你每天都有一个良好的开始)概括全段内容，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
14．空处为小标题。根据空后“Put positive energy into your daily routine by making time for activities that bring you pleasure.(给你的日常生活注入正能量，抽出时间做一些能给你带来快乐的活动)”可知本段主要讲的是要给生活注入正能量，从而创造快乐。A项Create joy in your life(在生活中创造快乐)概括全段，可以作为本段小标题。故选A项。
15．根据本段小标题Create joy in your life(在生活中创造快乐)以及空前“Put positive energy into your daily routine by making time for activities that bring you pleasure.(给你的日常生活注入正能量，抽出时间做一些能给你带来快乐的活动)”以及空后“Take a regular walk where you explore somewhere new in your locality.(定期散步，探索你所在地区的新地方。)”可知空前后都是在讲如何给生活注入新的活力，空处承上启下，所以空处也应该讲的是创造活力的方式，D项Set aside an hour to play a board game with your family(留出一个小时和家人一起玩棋盘游戏）指出另外一种给生活创造活力的方式，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
English family names or surnames as we know today weren’t widely used until the Norman conquest (征服)of 1066. Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name. 16 people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. These descriptive names eventually became associated with a family, passed down from one generation to the next.
Occupational(职业性的)Surnames. 17 Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. A name ending in “-man” usually suggests a trade name, as in Chapman (shopkeeper).
Descriptive Surnames. Based on a unique quality or physical characteristic of the individual, descriptive surnames often developed from nicknames. Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong. 18 Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.
Geographical Surnames. These are names coming from the location of the land in which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the most common origin of English surnames. They were first introduced into England by the Normans, many of whom were known by the name of their personal lands. 19 County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.
Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives. 20
A．As the country’s population grew,
B．As a person entered under one surname,
C．A rare name can tell you the family’s origin.
D．This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.
E．They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.
F．Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.
G．Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.
【答案】16．A 17．F 18．E 19．G 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国姓氏的由来，我们今天所知道的英国姓氏直到1066年诺曼征服才被广泛使用。
16．根据空前“Before that time there weren’t enough people to make it necessary to use anything other than a single name.(在那之前，没有足够多的人需要使用单一的名字以外的任何东西。)”可知，在诺曼征服之前人口不多。再根据空后“people began adding descriptions such as “John the Baker” to tell between people of the same name. (人们开始添加诸如“面包师约翰”这样的描述来区分同名的人。)”可知，人们开始添加一些描述来区分同名的人。选项A“As the country’s population grew,(随着国家人口的增长，)”不仅从形式上符合下文，从内容上也承上启下，使得上下文符合逻辑。正因为人口增加，人们才开始添加描述来区分同名的人。故选A。
17．根据段首“Occupational(职业性的)Surnames.(职业性的姓氏)”可知，本段主要讲述的是姓氏和职业相关。选项F“Many English surnames developed from a person’s job or trade.(许多英语姓氏是由一个人的工作或贸易发展而来的。)”和本段内容相符。同时与下文所举例子“Two common English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples of this. (两个常见的英国姓氏，史密斯和赖特，就是很好的例子。)”保持一致。故选F。
18．根据上文“Most refer to an individual’s appearance, like size, color or physical shape, for example, Little or Armstrong.(大多数是指一个人的外表，如大小、颜色或身体形状，例如，Little或Armstrong。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是有些姓氏用来描述一个人。再根据空后“Goodchild or Wise are good examples of this.( Goodchild或Wise就是很好的例子。)”可知，Goodchild或Wise是描述了一个人的性格。选项E“They may also refer to an individual’s personal character.(它们也可以指一个人的性格。)”是下文内容的总结，符合本段内容。故选E。
19．根据下文“County names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devon, have been commonly adopted as surnames.(英国的郡名，如肯特郡和德文郡，已被普遍采纳为姓氏。)”可知，一些地名已经成为了姓氏。选项G“Thus, many English surnames developed from the name of an actual town or county.(因此，许多英文姓氏是从一个实际的城镇或郡的名字发展而来的。)”与下文所举例子相一致，指的都是一些城镇或郡的名字已经成为了正式的姓氏。故选G。
20．根据空前“Other local surnames are from descriptive landscape features such as hills and woods which describe the land where the bearer lives.(其他当地姓氏来自描述性的景观特征，如山丘和森林，描述了持有者居住的土地。)”可知，有些景观特征也成为了姓氏。选项D“This is the origin of surnames such as Hill and Bush.(这是Hill和Bush等姓氏的起源。)”与上文内容一致，是上文所指的景观特征的具体例子。故选D。
You've probably noticed that new emoji show up on your phone every year. 21 This year is no different. If you have an Android device, you may have used a new emoji such as a melting face. Other devices, such as Apple products, will have these now emoji soon.
The updates come from a California-based nonprofit called Unicode Consortium. Each year. the emoji committee releases (发布) new emoji that will update the existing keyboard. 22 “It's important for people to understand that we're not inventing language and that it's really the people who create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair of the committee.
23 He created emoji because the mobile phone company where he worked offered email communications that were limited to 250 characters and emoji are only one character each but can be used to say more. Emoji have since become popular around the world.
Anyone is allowed to make a proposal for a new emoji. Unicode get proposals in lots of different languages from around the world. If the proposal is strong enough, Unicode will accept it 24
The process does not simply involve coming up with something that doesn't have an emoji representing it. An emoji idea has to meet certain criteria (标准). These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emoji and whether it can have lots of meanings. 25 You can pair it with many other emoji to express how you are feeling. Additionally, this emoji has adopted many meanings.
A．The keyboard has acquired more than 3.600 emoji characters.
B．Emoji aren't tied to any language or any region of the world.
C．But it's not the organization coming up with these new characters.
D．And it can take up to two years to create and release the new emoji.
E．The “tears of joy” emoji, for example, is special and easy to identify.
F．The first emoji keyboard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.
G．For example, the ninja emoji was introduced in 2020, or the yawning face in 2019.
【答案】21．G 22．C 23．F 24．D 25．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了手机表情符号，以及它被发明创造的过程和起源。
21．上文“You've probably noticed that new emoji show up on your phone every year.”（你可能已经注意到，手机上每年都会出现新的表情符号。）引出话题，提到表情符号。下文“This year is no different.”（今年也不例外。）说明今年也出现了很多表情符号。故可推知空格处内容与此相关，结合选项G项For example, the ninja emoji was introduced in 2020, or the yawning face in 2019.（例如，忍者表情符号是在2020年推出的，打哈欠表情符号是在2019年推出的。）为上文内容的具体举例说明，也是引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选G项。
22．上文“Each year, the emoji committee releases new emoji that will update the existing keyboard.”（表情符号委员会每年都会发布新的表情符号来更新现有的键盘。）提到每年都会发布新的表情符号来更新现有的键盘。下文“It's important for people to understand that we're not inventing language and that it's really the people who create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair of the committee.”（该委员会主席詹妮弗•丹尼尔(Jennifer Daniel)表示：“重要的是，要让人们明白，语言不是我们发明的，真正创造语言的是人们，而且他们很有创造力。”）提到语言不是我们发明的，真正创造语言的是人们。和上文意思形成转折，故可推断空格处内容为和上文内容的语意转折。结合选项C项But it's not the organization coming up with these new characters.（但并不是这个组织想出了这些新角色。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
23．根据下文“He created emoji because the mobile phone company where he worked offered email communications that were limited to 250 characters and emoji are only one character each but can be used to say more.”（他创造了表情符号，因为他工作的移动电话公司提供的电子邮件通信仅限于250个字符，而表情符号每个只有一个字符，但可以用来表达更多的意思。）可知，讲的是具体某人创造了表情符号。结合选项F项The first emoji keyboard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.（第一个表情键盘是由设计师栗田重武(Shigetake Kurita)发明的。）可知，和下文内容相关，下文中的He指的就是该句中提到的人物Shigetake Kurita。下文是空格处内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
24．根据上文“Anyone is allowed to make a proposal for a new emoji.”（任何人都可以为新的表情符号提出建议。）提到新的表情符号。结合选项D项And it can take up to two years to create and release the new emoji.（新表情符号的创建和发布可能需要两年的时间。）也是讲的新表情符号相关的内容，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
25．上文“These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emoji and whether it can have lots of meanings.”（这些标准包括它的独特性，它是否可以与现有的表情符号一起使用，以及它是否有很多含义。）说明这些标准包括它的独特性。下文“You can pair it with many other emoji to express how you are feeling.”（你可以将它与许多其他表情符号搭配来表达你的感受。）可知，讲的是与许多其他表情符号搭配使用。故可推断空格处内容为具体介绍的例子。结合选项E项The “tears of joy” emoji, for example, is special and easy to identify.（例如，“喜极而泣”的表情符号很特别，也很容易识别。）符合此推断，为具体介绍一个表情符号的特点，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E项。
