drive
[熟义]vt.开车
[生义]vt.吹，卷；驱赶；迫使 n.车程；干劲；活动；强烈愿望
1.Vacancies(空位) now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon.This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a drive away from the sea. The food is simple but good.Children and pets are welcome.Reduced prices for low season. （2018.全国I卷）
现在以及在假期中，位于德文郡的一家乡村酒店有空位。这个舒适、友好的家一般的住所位于美丽的宁静乡村附近，但只需驾车就能到达海边。食物简单但美味。欢迎儿童和宠物入住。淡季价格优惠。
2.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. (2016.浙江卷）
也许进化赋予了人类婴儿好奇心和自然驱使他们解释自己世界的冲动，成年科学家们只是利用了同样在他们儿童时期服务过他们的驱动力。使年幼的孩子在理解某件事情时感觉良好的同样的认知系统，可能已经被成年科学家采用。
3.He'll do very well—he has tremendous drive.
他会干得很出色的，他干劲十足。
4.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years,the mother drove the young panda away. （2016.四川卷）
然而，小熊猫一直陪伴在母熊猫身边，学习森林的生活方式。然后，在两年半之后，母熊猫将小熊猫赶走。
5.If we admit it is a door, they’ll want to go outside constantly .It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the truth .But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door. （2020.全国卷I)
如果我们承认那是一扇门，他们会想要不断地出去。这将会把我们逼疯。孩子们显然知道真相。但是我们坚称那只是一扇窗户，已经阻止了他们尝试数百万次去开门的请求。
6.Small does not mean weak,sir,”she defended herself.“I was born in the country of Wisconsin.I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!” (2020.全国乙卷）
“小并不意味着弱，先生，”她为自己辩护。“我出生在威斯康星州的乡下。我曾驾驭过马队，搬运过水。制作一个全身的粘土雕像不会耗尽我的力量——这就是我打算做的！”
employ
[熟义]vt.雇用
[生义]vt.使用，利用
1.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors. （2018.江苏卷）
根据达拉斯地区文化倡导联盟的数据，艺术机构雇佣了超过10,000人，作为全职或兼职员工或独立承包商。
2.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths. (2013.全国甲卷）
卡森证明，一个简单的抒情形式，经过世代传承，至今仍可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
3.In the Middle Ages, merchants ants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. （2011.全国II卷）
在中世纪，商人雇佣“城市传令官”大声朗读公开信息来推广他们的商品。
equal
[熟义] adj.平等的，相等的 v.等于
[生义] adj.胜任的 vt.比得上
1.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. （2023.全国新课标I卷）
该研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为可以进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
2.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier. （2013.天津卷）
所以我们追逐它并把它等同于财富和成功，却没有注意到拥有那些东西的人并不一定更快乐。
3.Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” （2014.山东卷）
穆姆贝特的墓碑依然矗立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地上。碑文部分内容如下：“她出生时是一个奴隶，而且近三十年都是奴隶。她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的领域里，她无人能及。”
4.But not all senses of humor are created equal.So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life. （2020.江苏卷）
但并非所有的幽默感都是平等的。所以我认为，提供一些日常生活中的幽默小贴士会很有帮助。
5 It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. （2014.全国新课标I卷）
据计算，当旅鸽的数量达到最高点时，它们的数量超过了30亿——这个数字相当于美国总鸟类数量的24%到40%，这可能使旅鸽成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。
6.None of us can equal her.
没人能比得上她。
exercise
[熟义]vt.练习 n.锻炼【U】；练习【C】
[生义]vt.行使、运用（能力、权力）；发挥
1.It helps to exercise a person’s mind. （2021.全国新高考I卷）
它有助于锻炼人的思维。
2.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic（无氧）exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
（2022.全国新高考II卷）
第一组参与了每周三次的无氧运动项目——平衡训练和力量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四次或更多次的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组在心脏健康方面取得了显著的改善。
3.He didn't exercise good judgment.
他没能做出正确的判断。
favo(u)r
[熟义][U] 赞同；支持；[C]帮助；好事；恩惠
[生义][U] 偏爱;偏袒 v.较喜欢，选择；优惠；特别照顾；偏袒；有利/助于
1.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl. （2020.全国甲卷）
请求美国总统的帮助并非是件轻松的事情，特别是对于一个十七岁的女孩。
2.We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower,stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. （2020.湖北卷）
我们会在淋浴的温水下站立更长的时间，停止考虑任务，以换取多几分钟的放松时间。
3.Hey,can I ask you a favor? （2013.浙江卷）
嘿，我可以请你帮个忙吗？
4.I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor. （2007.全国I卷）
我写信是想问您能否帮我个忙。
5.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking. （2014.辽宁卷）
越来越多的学生喜欢用笔记本电脑做笔记。
6.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I’d been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up. （2013.陕西卷）
我认为这是一个机会，让我回报几十年前某人给予我的帮助。我停下车并接他上车。
7.My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.As a result , at the point in our game when I'd have predicted（预计）the score to be 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9-and Ed was leading. (2003.全国卷）
我的堂兄一定付出了努力来使自己变得更健壮。因此，在我们比赛的那个时刻，当我预测比分会是我9他1，对我有利时，实际上是7比9——而且Ed领先。
8.Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain’s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy’s restaurants.Pearson resisted,arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.
（2013.山东卷）
皮尔逊面临着关于Sparrow品牌未来的斗争。这个连锁店的所有者现在更倾向于将Sparrow重新品牌为Marcy's餐厅。皮尔逊反对，主张进行一场广告活动，旨在说服顾客到Sparrow餐厅是有趣的。在那个时候，尝试在公司和公众之间建立积极关系是不寻常的。
figure
熟义: n.数字；人像；画像；图；图表
[生义]n.人物 v.领会，懂得；推测，判断，估计
1.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. （2013.江苏卷）
吐温是一个堪比亚伯拉罕·林肯的令人敬仰的人物。
2.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do,as well as the hours they are working,to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. （2015.四川卷）
该研究考察了母亲们从事的各种工作以及她们的工作时间，以确定这个数字。这将使她们的年收入比首相多出30,000英镑。
3.Vinnie’s face turned red.She realized she looked like a child,with her tiny figure. (2020.天津卷）
文妮的脸变红了。她意识到自己看起来像个孩子，她的身材娇小。
4This photo,with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it,now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? (2017.天津卷）
这张照片，展示了我眼前独特的美景和那个“破坏”这美景的女人，现在挂在我的卧室墙上。如果她知道她的身影被捕捉并冻结在某个陌生人的卧室墙上，她会怎么想呢？
5.We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. (2014.辽宁卷）
我们对您的道歉和善意表示感谢，但我们希望您能找到一个好的方法来解决这个问题。
6.Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. (2013.全国新课标I卷）
哪种鱼可以吃掉致癌化学物质呢？他想，如果选择正确的动物和植物组合，也许他可以像自然界那样清理废物。他决定建造他后来称之为生态机的设备。
gift
[熟义]n.礼物
[生义]n.天赋 vt.白送
1.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
(2015.重庆卷）
巴赫在1750年去世，但直到19世纪初，他的音乐天赋才得到了充分的认可。
2.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. （2020.全国卷III)
人们通常会在礼品登记册上登记一些常见的物品，包括像刀具这样的厨房工具和窗帘等物品。
3.They gifted their opponents a goal.
他们白送给对方一分。
4.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. （2016.全国I卷）
弗兰克·赫利，一位自信且有才华的澳大利亚摄影师，他熟悉南极，被聘请来拍摄这些照片，其中大部分照片以前从未公开过。
hit
[熟义]vt.打
[生义]vt.袭击；使......受到严重影响；使......想起；达到（目标、水平等）;到达（某地）n.撞击；巨大成功；受欢迎的人（或事物）
1.One summer,I remember,a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario,turning it into a burning desert. (2013.天津）
我记得有一个夏天，安大略省遭受了干旱，变成了一个炽热的沙漠。
2.According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.（2020.全国I卷）
根据她的研究，跑步者每步落地时产生的力量可能高达他们体重的四倍，而竞走者由于双脚不离地，每步产生的力量仅约为他们体重的1.4倍。
3.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.（2014.全国新课标II卷）
它让你有机会发现新的想法和食谱，这些都能很好地适应你的食欲和时间安排。
4.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child． (2021.北京卷）
当我看到我们收集到的各种物资时，我突然意识到那天我们要组装的每一个物资包最终都会送到伊拉克儿童的手中。
5.On October 29,2012,that ocean turned fierce.That night,Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast,and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately,Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed. （2016.北京卷）
2012年10月29日，海洋变得狂暴。那天晚上，飓风桑迪袭击了东海岸，而Rockaway受到的打击尤为严重。幸运的是，Natalie的家人在城市的桥梁关闭之前短暂地逃到了布鲁克林。
6.But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target,you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long. （2012.江苏卷）
但由于成功是一个移动的目标——一旦你达到你的目标，你就会再次提升它——因此，来自成功的快乐并不会持续很久。
7.Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat．Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible．The first pitch （投） came and Shay missed．The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay．As the pitch came in , Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher．
（2011. 江苏卷）
令人惊讶的是，棒球被交给了Shay。每个人都知道击中球几乎是不可能的。第一个投球来了，Shay没有击中。投手再次向前走了几步，轻轻地把球扔向Shay。当球投出来时，Shay挥棒击球，将一个缓慢的滚地球直接打回了投手。
8.The show was a (smash/big) hit.
这场演出非常成功。
9.The pony ride was/made a big hit at the party.
在派对上骑小马很受人欢迎。
10.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods,despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car,and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移). (2015.湖北卷）
尽管有标志告诫他们不要这么做，但是，游客们仍然不断地给小马们喂食，导致这里的小马们调皮捣蛋。喂小马的行为增加了它们被汽车撞到的风险，并且在该地区一年一度的小马迁移期间，会使得它们更难以聚集起来。
hold
[熟义] vt.拿着，握着；举行，召开
[生义]vt.使身体保持某种姿势；抑制，控制；容纳；拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）；认为；保持，继续
1.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures.（2022.全国新高考II卷）
想象一下这个场景：我的孙子坐在我膝盖上，我把书举在前面，这样他就能看到书中的图片。
2.Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.
（2021.全国新高考I卷）
工作人员为客人们举办了许多酒吧活动，比如免费烈酒试饮、酒吧跳转和卡拉OK。
3.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.
（2014.北京卷）
熊猛击相机，将其从三脚架上打落。我抬起左臂保护我的脸；这只猛兽紧紧抓住三脚架，将其压向我的身侧。我的手臂不能动，我感觉我的骨头就要断了。
4.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. (2016.四川卷）
母大熊猫用前爪抱着宝宝，就像人类一样。
5.They could hold their attention for long. （2019.全国III卷）
他们能长时间地保持注意力集中。
6.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat. （2014.重庆卷）
有些人认为随着年龄的增长，他们无法阻止体重的增加，而另一些人则认为如果他们停止锻炼，他们的肌肉会变成脂肪。
7.Mrs Thatcher held the post of prime minister longer than anyone else last century.
撒切尔夫人在上个世纪担任首相的时间比任何其他人都要长。
8.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately. (2013.重庆卷）
我本以为可以忍受到我的牙医从假期回来，但是疼痛真的无法忍受。我开始打电话给电话簿上的牙医，但没有人能立即看我。
9.He smiled and said.” She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back tears as he left.
(2010.全国I卷）
他微笑着说：“她不认识我，但我知道她是谁。” 当他离开时，我不得不强忍住泪水。
10.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that object also gives it milk. （2013.浙江卷）
在生命的最初几天，婴儿会接近并紧紧抓住环境中几乎任何大的、温暖的、软的物体，特别是如果那个物体还能给它奶。
11.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.（2020.浙江卷）
即使科学家们考虑了参与者的整体健康状况，这个结果仍然是成立的。
12.In 1870,when Dickens died,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher,famous and beloved,who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.
(2018.浙江卷）
1870年，当狄更斯去世时，世界以其首位职业作家和出版商的身份为他哀悼，他在小说的出版和读者群的扩大上引领了一次爆发，他的角色——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小提姆——被视为道德的试金石。如今，狄更斯的伟大地位无人质疑。
