高频话题02 人与自我—兴趣爱好
Passage 1 几部著名的文学作品
You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes. Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that you push your cognitive(认知的) capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value and improve your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. As a consequence, the few who develop the skill, and then make it the core of their working life will thrive(蓬勃发展).
The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you can’t learn, you can’t thrive. If you don’t produce, you won’t thrive — no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you haven’t mastered deep work, you’ll struggle to learn hard things. To learn hard things quickly, you must focus intensely without distraction.
The key to developing a deep work habit is to move beyond good intentions and add routines and habits to your working life designed to minimize a state of unbroken concentration. To master the art of deep work, therefore, you must take back control of your time and attention from the many entertainments on the Internet that attempt to steal them. Adopt a tool only if its positive impacts on these factors substantially outweigh its negative impacts. It’s crucial that you figure out in advance what you’re going to do with your evenings and weekends before they begin.
In the end of Deep Work, we can know that the ability to concentrate is a skill that gets valuable things done. If you’re struggling to use your mind to its fullest capacity to create things that matter, then you’ll discover, as others have before you, that depth generates a life rich with productivity and meaning.
1. What is presented in the first paragraph?
A. Theoretical introduction. B. Daring anticipation.
C. Practical examples. D. Detailed analyses.
2. Who will thrive in this new economy?
A. Those who’re willing to help others. B. Those who’re very skilled or talented.
C. Those who’re the best at what they do. D. Those who struggle to learn hard things.
3. Which of the following can help develop a deep work habit?
A. Making a flexible schedule. B. Quitting social media.
C. Using on-demand distraction. D. Forming a simple habit.
4. What is the text?
A. A book review. B. A news report.
C. An exam paper. D. An economic article.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章评论并介绍了Cal Newport的一本有关《深度工作》的书。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Deep Work tells us professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that you push your cognitive (认知的) capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value and improve your skill. The ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly rare at exactly the same time it is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. (深度工作告诉我们，在不受干扰的集中状态下进行专业活动，你将自己的认知能力推向极限。这些努力创造了新的价值，提高了你的技能。进行深度工作的能力正变得越来越罕见，与此同时，它在我们的经济中变得越来越有价值。)”可知，本段的内容是《深度工作》的理论介绍，介绍深度工作。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. If you can’t learn, you can’t thrive. If you don’t produce, you won’t thrive — no matter how skilled or talented you are. If you haven’t mastered deep work, you’ll struggle to learn hard things. (这本书告诉我们，在新经济中蓬勃发展的核心能力是快速掌握困难事物的能力，在质量和速度方面都能产生高水平的能力。如果你不能学习，你就不能茁壮成长。如果你不创造，你就不会成功——无论你多么有技能或才华。如果你还没有掌握深入的工作，你将很难学习困难的东西。)”可知，那些在他们所做的事情上最优秀的人将在新经济中茁壮成长。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“To master the art of deep work, therefore, you must take back control of your time and attention from the many entertainments on the Internet that attempt to steal them. (因此，要掌握深度工作的艺术，你必须从互联网上试图窃取你的时间和注意力的许多娱乐中夺回对时间和注意力的控制。)”可知，退出社交媒体可以帮助培养一个深度的工作习惯。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“You can get a clear picture about Deep Work by Cal Newport in 5 minutes. (你可以在5分钟内清楚地了解Cal Newport的《深度工作》。)”和第二段中“The book tells us the core abilities for thriving in the new economy, which are the ability to quickly master hard things, the ability to produce a high level, in terms of both quality and speed. (这本书告诉我们，在新经济中蓬勃发展的核心能力是快速掌握困难事物的能力，在质量和速度方面都能产生高水平的能力。)”可知，本文评论并介绍了Cal Newport的一本有关《深度工作》的书，这是一篇书评。故选A项。
Passage 2
Soon there will be a Review Blitz! In a month, we are searching for reasonable reviews that reflect your sincere opinions. Just keep in mind that the deadline for your reviews is October 23, 2023.
Rules:
To enter, you must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Creativity account.
Submissions ought to be relevant to the topic.
Each review must be no more than 250 words.
There is no restriction on the number of pieces you can submit.
Guidelines:
Give a brief summary of the book. Avoid explaining the entire plot or telling your reader how the book ends.
Inform the reader what you like or dislike about the book.
Recommend the book to specific readers. Does the book lend itself well to older teens? Would science fiction enthusiasts show interest in this book? It’s helpful for readers to think about the book in light of other books they’ve read.
Remember that it’s okay to have a strong opinion! Don’t start sentences with “I think”, “I believe” or “In my opinion”.
Prizes:
All participants will be given a certificate.
First prize winners will respectively have one review published in Teen Creativity magazine and obtain a free 6-month magazine subscription.
Second-place winners will each receive a free 3-month magazine subscription.
You’ll receive these prizes before December 28, 2023.
Submit your works to www.teencreativity.com. We hope reviewing books brings you joy.
5. Which of the following meets the requirement of Review Blitz?
A. A person can present no more than one piece of work.
B. Each piece of work can have a maximum of 250 words.
C. Reviews must be written by people under 20 years old.
D. Works must be uploaded by the end of October 2023.
6. What should participants include in their reviews?
A. The likes and dislikes of the book.
B. The recommendation to all readers.
C. Statements containing “In my opinion”.
D. A summary that demonstrates the whole plot.
7. Who is the text intended for?
A. Self-learners. B. Teaching staff.
C. Professional trainers. D. Bookish adolescents.
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章是寻找反映读者真诚意见的合理评论的广告。
5. 细节理解题。根据Rules:下列条目中“Each review must be no more than 250 words.(每篇评论不得超过250字。)”可知，Review Blitz的要求每篇文章最多250字。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据Guidelines:下列条目中“Inform the reader what you like or dislike about the book.(告诉读者你喜欢或不喜欢这本书。)”可知，参与者在他们的评论中应该包括对这本书的喜好和厌恶。故选A项。
7. 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“In a month, we are searching for reasonable reviews that reflect your sincere opinions. (在一个月内，我们正在寻找反映您真诚意见的合理评论。)”和最后一段中“Submit your works to www.teencreativity.com. We hope reviewing books brings you joy.”(提交你的作品到www.teencreativity.com。我们希望读书给你带来快乐)可知，本文是寻找反映读者评论的，所以，这篇文章的读者是爱读书的青少年。故选D项。
Passage 3
Summer Reading
Here are some good books to read in the coming summer vacation!
Houdini and Me
Harry Mancini is an 11-year-old boy in New York City. He has read every book he can find about the great magician Harry Houdini. He has the same first name as Houdini and lives in a house where the magician once lived. One day, something happened… Anyone would love Houdini and Me, by Dan Gutman.
Paradise on Fire
In Paradise on Fire, by Jewell Parker Rhodes, Addy is a 15-year-old girl who lives with her grandmother in the Bronx, in New York City. When she was young, Addy escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents. Now she draws maps of the places she visits. When a fire breaks out at the wilderness camp she attends, Addy knows what to do. Will Addy be able to lead other campers to safety?
Chunky
Chunky, by Yehudi Mercdo, is a colorful memoir(传记). When the author was a kid, his parents and doctor encouraged him to be more active. Hudi tries various sports. But they all take Hudi away from the thing that he truly loves: comedy. His imaginary friend, Chunky, appears throughout the story to help Hudi achieve his dreams. Chunky is a great book for kids trying to find where they might fit in.
Black Boy Joy
The short stories in Black Boy Joy, edited by Kwame Mbalia, celebrate the pleasures of Black childhood. There are also stories about triumphs(胜利) and competitions. Most are short, with simple plots. You don’t have to read a giant book all in one go. You can take it a little at a time.
8. Whose book is about a girl who experienced a terrible fire?
A. Dan Gutman’s. B. Kwame Mbalia’s.
C. Jewell Parker Rhodes’. D. Yehudi Mercado’s.
9. What can we know about Hudi from the text?
A. He used to be very active.
B. He is fond of various sports.
C. He has a real friend to help him achieve his dreams.
D. He follows his true love of comedy.
10. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend some good books.
B. To share some methods of reading books.
C. To persuade people to buy some good books.
D. To emphasize the importance of reading.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本书值得阅读的好书。
8. 细节理解题。根据Paradise on Fire部分中“When she was young, Addy escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents. (小的时候，艾迪从一场公寓大火中逃了出来，她的父母在那场大火中丧生。)”可知，Jewell Parker Rhodes的书是关于一个女孩经历了一场可怕的火灾的。故选C。
9. 细节理解题。根据Chunky中“Hudi tries various sports. But they all take Hudi away from the thing that he truly loves: comedy. ( Hudi尝试各种运动。但这些都让胡迪远离了他真正热爱的东西：喜剧。)”可知，Hudi追求自己对喜剧的真正热爱。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are some good books to read! (这里有一些好书可以读！)”结合主要介绍了四本书值得阅读的好书。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一些好书来读。故选A。
Passage 4
One of the most well-known figures of American history, Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence. His life was an inspiring one and at the same time a little bit contradictory(矛盾的) to his statements and way of living life, and thus he has formed the subject of a lot of authors’ books.
Jefferson and his time
| This is a Biography of the life of Jefferson published in 6 volumes over a very long period of 34 years staring from 1948 till 1982. Read it For: It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders. Don’t Read it For: This series is a biography and strictly a work of non-fiction. It is reading about the life of a person and might get boring for some. |
American Sphinx
| An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind. Jefferson was one who spoke something but did the complete opposite of it. Read it For: This book tries to analyze Jefferson’s life but does not do it in a way that criticizes him or idolizes him. This National Award winning book perfectly balances the act of examining someone’s acts and general behavior and trying to figure out the reason behind his contradictory statements and acts. Don’t Read it For: If you are searching for a book about Jefferson’s life, this is not for you. It covers a few events of his life, not his entire life. |
The Art of Power
| Read it For:The depth with which this book is written is impressive. This book puts you inside Jefferson’s head and makes you understand what it would be like to be Jefferson. Don’t Read it For: While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias (偏见), showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light. |
11. Which book would you recommend regarding Thomas Jefferson’s whole life?
A. Jefferson and His Time B. American Sphinx
C. The Art of Power D. none of the above
12. What is the book “American Sphinx” about??
A. It is a biography of Thomas Jelferson’s life.
B. It is a book about American politics.
C. It is an analysis of Thomas Jefferson’s mind.
D. It is a collection of short stories.
13. One problem about “The Art of Power” is that readers _________.
A. may feel bored while they are reading it
B. cannot get a complete description of Thomas Jefferson’s life
C. learn Thomas Jefferson’s political life mainly from historians’ viewpoint
D. cannot get an objective point of view about Thomas Jefferson’s gift
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三本与托马斯·杰斐逊有关的著作。
11. 细节理解题。根据Jefferson and his time部分中“It is an entire collection introducing all aspects of Jefferson’s life in great details from his childhood till his last days. For history enthusiasts, this is a wonderful book that will give you insight into the life of one of the most memorable American leaders. (这是一个完整的合集，详细介绍了Jefferson从童年到最后的日子的生活的各个方面。对于历史爱好者来说，这是一本精彩的书，它将让你深入了解这位最令人难忘的美国领导人之一的生活)”可知想了解Thomas Jefferson一生的生活可推荐阅读Jefferson and his time。故选A。
12. 细节理解题。根据American Sphinx部分中“An interesting yet strange book, this piece of writing is not an attempt to shed light on the life of Jefferson but rather an attempt to understand his mind. (这是一本有趣但奇怪的书，这篇文章并不是试图揭示杰斐逊的生活，而是试图理解他的思想)”可知这本书剖析了Jefferson的思想。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据The Art of Power部分中“While this book shows the genius of Jefferson, it can come off as bias, showing Jefferson in a very positive light and his opponents in a very negative light.( 虽然这本书展示了Jefferson的天才，但它可能会给人一种偏见，从非常积极的角度展示了杰斐逊，而从非常消极的角度展示了他的对手)”可知，这本书的问题在于可能会给人一种偏见，导致读者无法从客观的角度去看待Thomas Jefferson的天赋。故选D。
Passage 5
If you are seeking to unlock the secrets to success, here are four books that offer invaluable wisdom and practical advice to help you along your path.
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Stephen R. Covey’s timeless classic outlines seven foundational principles for personal and professional success. From proactive(积极主动的) decision-making to effective leadership and interpersonal skills, this book stresses the importance of matching personal values with actions. It serves as a powerful guide to achieving long-term success and building meaningful relationships.
Outliers: The Story of Success
In the book, Malcolm Gladwell explores the factors that contribute to exceptional success. Through insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditional thoughts of talent and hard work, stressing the importance of opportunities, cultural backgrounds, and deliberate practice. This thought-provoking book encourages readers to rethink their approaches to success and shows the importance of making use of unique circumstances.
Mindset: The New Psychology of Success
In the book, Carol S. Dweck explores the power of mindset and its effect on personal growth and achievement. By distinguishing between a “fixed mindset” and a “growth mindset”, Dweck highlights how accepting challenges, maintaining resilience, and cultivating a love for learning can lead to remarkable success. This book provides valuable insights for transforming obstacles(障碍) into opportunities for growth.
Principles
Ray Dalio’s Principles is a transformative guidebook packed with valuable insights. Drawing on his extensive experience in investment management, Dalio shares practical wisdom for success. The book offers actionable principles for decision-making, problem-solving, and personal growth. By applying these principles, readers can deal with challenges, seize opportunities, and make a meaningful impact.
14. Which factors contributing to success does the second book stress?
A. Talent and hard work. B. Creative thinking and teamwork.
C. Chances and cultural backgrounds. D. Adventurous action and confidence.
15. Whose book highlights the impact of mentality on individual development?
A. Stephen R. Covey’s. B. Malcolm Gladwell’s.
C. Carol S. Dweck’s. D. Ray Dalio’s.
16. What is the text?
A. A piece of news of new authors. B. A recommendation on books.
C. A paper on the secrets to success. D. A text on successfully writing books.
【答案】14. C 15. C 16. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了四本书以及它们各自的特色。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Through insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditional thoughts of talent and hard work, stressing the importance of opportunities, cultural backgrounds, and deliberate practice. (通过富有洞察力的案例研究，格拉德威尔挑战了天赋和努力工作的传统观念，强调了机会、文化背景和刻意练习的重要性)”可知，第二本书强调了促成成功的因素是机会和文化背景。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In the book, Carol S. Dweck explores the power of mindset and its effect on personal growth and achievement. (在书中，Carol S. Dweck探讨了心态的力量及其对个人成长和成就的影响)”可知，Carol S. Dweck的书强调了心态对个人发展的影响。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据第一段“If you are seeking to unlock the secrets to success, here are four books that offer invaluable wisdom and practical advice to help you along your path. (如果你正在寻找成功的秘密，这里有四本书，提供宝贵的智慧和实用的建议，帮助你在你的道路上)”结合文章主要推荐了四本书以及它们各自的特色。可推知，文章是一份书籍的推荐。故选B。
