Ultra-processed foods need tobacco-style warnings, says scientist
科学家表示，超加工食品也该采取类似于烟草的警告
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are displacing healthy diets "all over the world" despite growing evidence of the risks they pose and should be sold with tobacco-style warnings, according to the nutritional scientist who first coined the term.
根据首次提出“超加工食品（UPFs）”这一术语的营养学家表示，尽管超加工食品所带来的风险日益增加，但它们仍在“全球范围内”取代健康饮食，所以应像烟草一样附带警示标签进行销售。
Prof Carlos Monteiro of the University of Sao Paulo will highlight the increasing danger UPFs present to children and adults at the International Congress on Obesity this week.
圣保罗大学的卡洛斯·蒙特罗教授将在本周的国际肥胖大会上重点强调超加工食品对儿童和成人造成的日益严重的危害。
"UPFs are increasing their share in and domination of global diets, despite the risk they represent to health in terms of increasing the risk of multiple chronic diseases," Monteiro told the Guardian ahead of the conference in Sao Paulo.
蒙特罗在圣保罗举行的会议前对《卫报》表示：“尽管超加工食品在增加患多种慢性病风险方面对健康构成威胁，但它们在全球饮食中所占的份额和统治地位仍在增加。”
"UPFs are displacing healthier, less processed foods all over the world, and also causing a deterioration in diet quality due to their several harmful attributes. Together, these foods are driving the pandemic of obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes."
“超加工食品正在全球范围内取代更健康、加工较少的食品，还因其多种有害特性导致饮食质量下降。这些食品共同推动了肥胖和其他与饮食相关的慢性疾病（如糖尿病）的流行。”
The stark warning comes amid rapidly rising global consumption of UPFs such as cereals, protein bars, fizzy drinks, ready meals and fast food.
这一严厉警告出现在全球对谷物、蛋白棒、碳酸饮料、即食食品和快餐等超加工食品的消费量迅速上升之际。
In the UK and US, more than half the average diet now consists of ultra-processed food. For some, especially people who are younger, poorer or from disadvantaged areas, a diet comprising as much as 80% UPF is typical.
在英国和美国，现在平均饮食的一半以上都是超加工食品。对于一些人来说，尤其是年轻人、穷人或来自贫困地区的人，饮食中超加工食品的比例高达80%是很常见的。
In February, the world's largest review of its kind found UPFs were directly linked to 32 harmful effects to health, including a higher risk of heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, adverse mental health and early death.
今年2月，世界最大规模的此类审查发现，超加工食品与32种有害健康影响直接相关，包括增加患心脏病、癌症、2型糖尿病、不良心理健康和早逝的风险。
Monteiro and his colleagues first used the phrase UPF 15 years ago when designing the food classification system "Nova". This assesses not only nutritional content but also the processes food undergoes before it is consumed.
蒙特罗及其同事在15年前设计食品分类系统“Nova”时首次使用了“UPF”这一术语。该系统不仅评估食品的营养成分，还评估食品在被消费前所经历的加工过程。
The system places food and drink into four groups: minimally processed food, processed culinary ingredients, processed food and ultra-processed food.
该系统将食品和饮料分为四组：最低限度加工食品、加工烹饪原料、加工食品和超加工食品。
Monteiro told the Guardian he was now so concerned about the impact UPF was having on human health that studies and reviews were no longer sufficient to warn the public of the health hazards.
蒙特罗告诉《卫报》，他现在非常担心UPF对人类健康的影响，以至于研究和审查不再足以警告公众健康危害。
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