原文
At first glance, the reason for using these kinds of affectionate nicknames seems clear: stores hope to bridge the gap with their customers and emphasize their willingness to serve. By using terms like zhuren or dianxia, the customer is elevated, while the merchant or customer service agent is reduced to the status of humble servant. As a result, customers come away from the interaction with a positive feeling about the business and are more willing to shop there again. Over time, the cutesy language became something of an arms race; as the practice spreads, more stores have felt the need to adopt similar expressions to keep buyers happy.
Interestingly, however, these terms of address are not gender-neutral. Using affectionate nicknames is usually seen in China as a feminine trait, and the use of such pet names is considered appropriate for women in the country’s predominantly female e-commerce industry workforce. In addition to fawning epithets, many customer service staff will also adopt a cute, playful, or otherwise feminine tone to appear caring and friendly to buyers.
精读讲解
First-time shoppers on Chinese e-commerce platforms such as Taobao are often caught off-guard by the disarming tone of stores’ customer service staff. In contrast to the occasionally brusque approaches found elsewhere online, customer service workers on these platforms can seem almost sickeningly sweet. Their most common form of address for clients is qin, short for qinaide, or “beloved.” Sometimes they’ll drop in the even cutesier qinqin, or “sweetie.” Other stores go further, calling their customers xiaojiejie (“little sister”), xiaogege (“little brother”), or even zhuren (“master”) or dianxia (“Your Highness”).
初次在淘宝等中国电商平台购物的顾客通常会很惊讶,因为他们不曾料想店铺客服的语气会如此亲切。在网络世界的其他角落,我们时不时会碰到粗鲁无礼的言行举动,相比之下,这些电商平台的客服亲切得甚至有点甜腻。他们对顾客最常用的称呼是「亲」,作为「亲爱的」的简称,有时候他们还会故作亲昵地称客户为「亲亲」。别的店铺更加夸张,称顾客为「小姐姐」或「小哥哥」,甚至是「主人」或「殿下」。
▼ catch sb. off-guard 使某人措不及防,趁某人不备使其惊讶
其中guard表示「防备」,off-guard即「卸下防备」,catch sb. off-guard字面上表示「在某人没有防备的时候抓住他」,引申为「使某人措手不及,趁某人不备使其惊讶」。
原文展示了该短语的被动用法be caught off-guard「措手不及、感到惊讶」,表示顾客们没有想到客服们的语气如此亲切,感到很惊讶。
该短语亦可写作catch sb. off guard,catch sb. off one’s guard:
The lawyer's apparently innocent question was designed to catch the witness off his guard.
律师看似不经意的问题是为了使证人措手不及。
▼ disarming adj. 消除戒心的,使人消气的
arm作名词有「武器」的意思(一般作复数arms),用作动词可以是「武装、装备」。前缀dis-的功能是否定(比如disapprove「反对」,就是approve「赞成」的反义词),所以disarm自然就是「卸下(某人的)武装」。
稍稍引申一下,「卸下武装」是不是相当于「卸下某人的防备」或者「消解某人的敌意」?由此应该也就不难理解disarm「消解批评」的含义了。最后,disarm的这个含义还有个派生形容词disarming「消除疑虑的」,多形容温和、友好的态度或行为,含褒义,原文中用于描述客服语言亲切、友好:
He displayed a disarming honesty by telling them about his father's bankruptcy.
他告诉他们自己父亲的破产情况,表现出一种让人消除戒备的坦诚。
▼ brusque adj. 简短生硬的,唐突无礼的
be brusque with sb.表示「对某人粗鲁」:
His secretary was a little brusque with me.
他秘书对我的态度有些粗鲁。
brusque常描述某人的manner「举止」、tone「语气」和behavior「行为」等:
His manner was self-assured and brusque.
他的举止自负而且粗鲁。
近义词有abrupt、curt,这两个词表示「唐突的、粗鲁的」时,也有上述搭配和用法。
▼ sickeningly adv. 令人厌恶地
形容令人震惊、厌恶的行为,原文中用于描述客服对顾客的称呼「过于甜腻,让人生厌」。
sickeningly由sickening加上副词后缀-ly组成,sickening表示「令人厌恶的」:
The slaves were treated with sickening cruelty.
奴隶们受到了令人发指的虐待。
▼ form of address n. 称呼
正式程度高,常用于商务英语中,亦可写作mode/style of address:
Be sure to use the correct form of address when writing to customers.
确保在写给客户时使用正确的称呼。
▼ cutesy adj. 矫揉造作的,忸怩作态的
非正式用词,含贬义,描述某人「刻意装出讨喜、有吸引力的模样」。在原文中,cutesy描述客服对顾客的称呼故作亲昵,希望讨得顾客的欢心,却显得很做作。
cutesy也可以描述事物或人「过分可爱、幼稚、甜美」,到了做作的地步:
Although dismissed by many fans as overly cutesy, professionals found the character refreshingly edgy.
尽管许多粉丝认为这个角色过分甜美,有点做作,但专业人士却认为它十分前卫,令人耳目一新。
▼ Your Highness 殿下,阁下
正式用词。是对王室成员的尊称,根据人称的变化,还可以变化成Her/His Highness.
类似的尊称还有:
Your/His/Her Grace是对公爵、公爵夫人、或大主教的尊称,即「大人,阁下,夫人」。
Your/His/Her Majesty是对国王、女王或王后的尊称,即「陛下」。
▼ 长句解析:
First-time shoppers on Chinese e-commerce platforms such as Taobao are often caught off-guard by the disarming tone of stores’ customer service staff.
本句是个简单句,其中:
红色+绿色+紫色是句子的主语,红色部分是中心语,表示「 第一次(在……)购物的人」,绿色部分修饰红色部分,说明这些购物者「在中国电商平台(购物)」,紫色部分举淘宝的例子说明这些电商平台有哪些;
蓝色部分是句子的谓语动词部分,用到了被动语态,表明购物者们「感到惊讶」;
橙色部分表明购物者感到惊讶的原因是「客服语气非常亲切」。
▼ bridge the gap 消除(隔阂),弥合(差距)
原文中,bridge the gap用于说明商家希望缩小和顾客之间的身份差异,拉近距离。
▼ elevate vt. 提拔,晋升
正式用词。本意是「将物品抬到高处」,引申为「提高……的地位」,常见用法为有elevate sb. to …「将某人提拔为……」:
He has been elevated to deputy manager.
他已被提升为副经理。
过去分词形式含被动含义,因此elevated表示「受晋升的,地位被抬高的」,即「地位高的,重要的」:
She holds a more elevated position in the company.
她在公司中职位较高。
描述某人陷入窘境或不好的境地,文中描述商家客服将自己置于身份低微的境地:
She was reduced to tears by their criticisms.
他们的批评使她流下了眼泪。
后接动词时,动词需要加ing,相当于是动名词,依然是reduce to + n.的结构:
They were reduced to begging in the streets.
他们沦落到沿街乞讨。
humble可以描述人的性格,表示「谦虚的」;而说明某人的身份地位时,表示「地位低下的,卑微的」:
Even when she became rich and famous, she never forgot her humble background.
即使她发了财也出了名,她也永远没忘记自己卑微的出身。
come away本意是「脱落」,指物体的一部分从整体分离,后接from+某地/某物表示「从何处脱落」:
The plaster had started to come away from the wall.
灰泥已开始从墙上剥落。
come away后引申出「人离开某处」的含义,且通常搭配人离开的状态、感觉、印象等,用法为come away from … with …「带着某种感觉或印象离开某处」。
from后可以接抽象的「地点」,例如,原文中from后接interaction,陈述顾客与客户互动后的感受。无需强调地点时,可以不加from …这一部分。with后常加feeling「感觉」、impression「印象」、sense「感觉」等词:
We came away with the impression that all was not well with their marriage.
我们离开时有一种印象:他们的婚姻并不十分美满。
▼ arms race n. 军备竞赛
军备竞赛是指和平时期敌对国家或潜在敌对国家互为假想敌,在军事准备方面展开质量和数量上的竞赛。各国之间为了应对未来可能发生的战争,竞相扩充军备,增强军事实力,是一种预防式的军事对抗。此处的arms指「军火,武器」,为复数名词。
之所以说商家之间的较量是「军备竞赛」,是因为他们之间并未真正发生冲突,而是各自提升自己的竞争力,以防落后于人。
可以描述某种用语没有特别的性别指向:
They may be used as a gender-neutral pronoun instead of ‘he’ or ‘she’.
they 可以用作中性代词,代替 he 或 she。
也可以描述事物同时适用于男性和女性:
She argued that the law should always be gender-neutral.
她认为法律应该始终是性别中立的。
▼ feminine adj. 女性化的,女性特有的
feminine用于形容某人、某物体现了传统意义上认为女性具有的特质,例如温柔、优雅、体贴、细心等等:
The current style in evening wear is soft, romantic, and feminine.
现在的晚装风格是轻柔、浪漫并充满女性风韵。
feminine的反面是masculine「男性化的,男子气概的」,传统意义上被认为具有「男性气质」的特点有强壮、独立、果断、自信等等。
▼ trait n. 特征
trait特指人品质和性格上的特征,personality/character trait表示「性格特征」:
Arrogance is a very unattractive personality trait.
傲慢是一种非常令人讨厌的性格特点。
▼ pet name n. 爱称
家人或挚友起的别名,通常是亲昵、关爱的称呼。
pet name的字面含义是「宠物名字」,试想宠物主饱含爱意给自己的爱宠起名字的场景,就不难理解pet name为什么表示「爱称」了。
fawn本意为「动物摇尾乞怜」,引申为「讨好,奉承」,用法为fawn over/on sb. 「奉承,讨好某人」:
I hate waiters who fawn over you.
我讨厌奉承人的侍者。
fawning描述某人、某种行为的动机是迎合、讨好他人,并不真诚,含贬义:
The servant worn a fawning smile.
仆人的脸上露出一种谄笑。
原文中,fawning epithets表示客服对顾客称呼亲切只是为了讨好他们。
▼ epithet n. 修饰词
特指用于批评或赞赏某人/物时用的形容词或短语。
The film, long and dramatic, earned the epithet 'epic'.
这部影片篇幅长,戏剧性强,被誉为“史诗”。
例句里的epithet为epic「史诗」,是对文艺作品的赞美。原文中的epithet为前述的“亲”等称呼,这些称呼抬高顾客身份,也是一种赞赏。
近义词为light-hearted,描述嬉戏打闹的语言、行为:
He gave her a playful punch on the arm.
他开玩笑地捶了一下她的胳膊。
playful形容人、动物时,表示「顽皮的,爱玩的」,例如a playful dog「一只顽皮的小狗」。
▼ caring adj. 有爱心的,关心他人的
通常放在名词前做修饰语:
Children need a caring environment.
儿童需要一个充满关怀的环境。
▼ 长句解析:
Using affectionate nicknames is usually seen in China as a feminine trait, and the use of such pet names is considered appropriate for women in the country’s predominantly female e-commerce industry workforce.
这是一个由and连接的并列句,先看第一分句:
红色部分是主语,是「用亲切称号」这一做法;
绿色部分用到了be seen as…(被看作是……)这一结构,说明「上述做法被看作一种女性特征」;
紫色部分是地点状语,将地点限定在「中国」;
再看第二分句:
浅蓝色部分是主语,即「使用这些亲昵称呼」这一做法;
蓝色+橙色部分用到了be considered adj. for sb.(被认为对某人来说是……的)这一结构,说明上述做法「被看作对某一群体来说是合适的」,橙色部分充当宾语,与for组成介宾结构,表明这一群体是「中国电商行业中的女性」,同时描述中国电商从业者「女性居多」。
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