基因组印记是指父母遗传给子代的某些基因会表现出亲本来源决定的单等位基因表达特性。也就是说，这些基因只有来自父本或母本的等位基因会表达，而另一方的等位基因则被抑制。在小鼠中已经发现约200个印记基因，它们在胚胎发育和个体生长中发挥着关键作用。
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历史发现
基因组印记的发现可以追溯到20世纪30年代。科学家们最初在研究果蝇染色体遗传时发现了这种现象。在60年代，通过研究携带染色体易位的突变体小鼠，遗传学家们发现父本和母本来源的同源染色体对子代个体发育会产生不同的影响。印记基因的特征
亲本特异性表达：印记基因的表达依赖于其父本或母本来源时序性：印记标记在生殖细胞发生过程中被清除，并在下一代重新建立可维持性：一旦建立，印记标记在体细胞分裂过程中可以稳定维持
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调控机制
非编码RNA：包括长非编码RNA(lncRNA)和小RNA(如miRNA)的调控
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生物学功能
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相关疾病
普拉德-威利综合征(PWS)：由SNRPN印记基因异常导致贝克威特-魏德曼综合征(BWS)：与IGF2-H19印记区异常相关参考文献
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