Russia’s gradual, grinding
advance in parts of Ukraine’s eastern region of Donetsk succeeded in wresting away
4,168 sq km (1,609 square miles) of fields and abandoned villages in 2024 –
equivalent to 0.69 percent of the country. That was the assessment of the
Institute for the Study of War, a Washington-based think-tank, based on
satellite imagery and geolocated video footage.俄罗斯在乌克兰东部顿涅茨克地区部分地区逐步、艰难地推进，并在2024年成功夺取了4168平方公里的田地和废弃村庄——相当于乌克兰0.69%的领土。这是华盛顿智库“战争研究所”根据卫星图像和地理定位视频片段所得出的评估数据。
“Russian forces have seized four
mid-sized settlements – Avdiivka, Selydove, Vuhledar, and Kurakhove – in all of
2024, the largest of which had a pre-war population of just over 31,000
people,” said the ISW.战争研究所指出，“俄罗斯军队在2024年全年占领了4个中型定居点——阿夫迪夫卡、塞利多夫、武赫莱达尔和库拉霍夫，其中最大一个的战前人口刚刚超过31000人。”
Russian forces spent four months
taking Avdiivka, and two months each for Selydove and Kurakhove. “Seizing these
settlements has not allowed Russian forces to threaten any notable Ukrainian
defensive nodes,” said the ISW, adding that Moscow’s troops failed to conduct
the kind of rapid, mechanised manoeuvre necessary to convert these “tactical
gains into deep penetrations of Ukraine’s rear”.俄罗斯军队花费了4个月的时间占领阿夫迪夫卡，又花费了两个月的时间占领塞利多夫和库拉霍夫。战争研究所表示，“占领这些定居点并没有让俄罗斯军队威胁到任何值得注意的乌克兰防御节点”，并补充称，俄罗斯的军队未能进行必要的快速机械化机动，以将这些“战术收益转化为对乌克兰后方的深入渗透”。
At this rate, Russia would need
two more years to complete its conquest of Donetsk alone, the ISW assessed –
something Russian President Vladimir Putin had ordered his commanders to do by
October 1.战争研究所估计，按照这种速度，俄罗斯还需要两年时间才能完成对顿涅茨克的“征服”——俄罗斯总统普京已命令其指挥官在10月1日之前完成这项工作。
Russia’s sacrifices to achieve
these advances have been immense, as Ukrainian forces used their defender’s
advantage to inflict high casualties, especially in urban settings where they
fought building-to-building, street-to-street.俄罗斯为实现这些进步付出了巨大的代价，乌克兰军队利用其防御优势给俄军造成了大量伤亡，特别是在城市环境中——他们可以在建筑物间、街道间进行战斗。
Ukrainian Commander-in-Chief
Oleksandr Syrskii said on Monday that Russian forces had suffered an estimated
427,000 wounded and killed in 2024. A few days later, Ukraine’s Ministry of
Defence put Russia’s losses last year at 430,790 soldiers – the equivalent of
36 Russian motorised rifle divisions – outnumbering its losses in 2022 and 2023
combined.乌克兰陆军总司令亚历山大·西尔斯基(Oleksandr Syrskii)在本周一(2024年12月30日)表示，俄罗斯军队在2024年受伤和死亡人数估计为42万7千人。几天后，乌克兰国防部估计俄罗斯去年的损失为430790名士兵——相当于36个俄罗斯摩托化步枪师，并且超过了俄军在2022年和2023年的损失总和。
These losses amounted to an
average of 1,180 a day, but casualty figures rose substantially towards the end
of the year, as Russian forces increased their assaults in an apparent effort
to influence the US election.这些损失达到了平均每天损失1180人的水平，但伤亡人数在年底大幅上升，因为俄罗斯军队增加了攻击次数，而这显然是为了影响美国大选。
The highest monthly losses, the
Defence Ministry said, came in November and December – 45,720 and 48,670
respectively – as Russia intensified its attacks in Donetsk.乌克兰国防部表示，由于俄罗斯加强了对顿涅茨克的攻击，俄军在2024年11月和12月的月度人员损失最高，分别为45720人和48670 人。
“This year, the Russians paid the
highest price for the war against Ukraine, as our army and all of our defence
and security forces of Ukraine destroyed more enemy equipment and manpower than
in any of the previous years of the war,” Syrksyi told his forces in an address
on December 31.西尔斯基在 2024年12 月 31 日对其部队发表的一次讲话中表示，“今年，俄罗斯为对乌克兰的战争付出了最大的代价，我们的军队和乌克兰所有国防和安全部队摧毁的敌方装备和人力比战争前几年都要多。”
1,700 killed and wounded every
day每天1700人伤亡
Russia did manage to increase its
daily land grab from 14 sq km (5.4 square miles) in October to 28 sq km in
November but fell back to 18 sq km (11 square miles) a day in December.
Apparently, its losses did not fall commensurately.俄罗斯确实设法将其每天的土地掠夺量从2024年10月份的14平方公里增加到11月份的28平方公里，但在12月份又回落到每天18平方公里。但显然，它的损失并没有相应减少。
“Over the past week, the invaders
have been losing about 1,700 people killed and wounded every day,” Syrksyi said
on Monday.西尔斯基在本周一表示，“在过去一周内，入侵者每天约有 1700 人死亡和受伤”。
December also produced two
possible Russian casualty records. On December 29, Ukraine’s general staff said
Russian forces lost 2,010 people. They suffered a possible all-time record of
2,200 daily casualties in a total of 191 combat clashes on December 19.2024年12月还创造了两项可能的俄罗斯伤亡纪录。在12月29日，乌克兰总参谋部表示，俄罗斯军队损失了2010人。12月19日，他们在总共191场战斗冲突中每天可能伤亡2200人，创下了历史新高。
Ukraine also estimated it had
taken out 3,689 Russian tanks, thousands of armoured combat vehicles, and more
than 13,000 artillery pieces. Ukraine’s navy said it sank five ships and 458
smaller craft.乌克兰还估计，它已经摧毁了3689辆俄罗斯坦克、数千辆装甲战车和超过13000门火炮。乌克兰海军表示，它击沉了5艘舰艇和458艘小型船只。
Russia recruited North Korean
fighters in an effort to relieve pressure on its manpower, but Ukrainian
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said a quarter of them had been wiped out. “According
to preliminary data, the number of killed and wounded North Korean soldiers in
the Kursk region already exceeds 3,000 people,” Zelenskyy said in his evening
address on December 23. He more recently claimed Russia was killing North
Koreans in danger of falling into the hands of Ukrainian forces.俄罗斯招募朝鲜战士以缓解其人力压力，但乌克兰总统泽连斯基表示，其中四分之一已被消灭。泽连斯基在12月23日晚间的讲话中指出，“根据初步数据，朝鲜士兵在库尔斯克地区的死伤人数已经超过3000人。”泽连斯基最近声称，俄罗斯正在杀害那些有落入乌克兰军队手中的风险的朝鲜人。
“Everything is arranged in a way
that makes it impossible for us to capture the Koreans as prisoners – their own
people are executing them, there are such cases,” Zelenskyy said in an evening
address on December 27.泽连斯基在12月27日的晚间讲话中指出，“一切都安排得如此周全，让我们无法将朝鲜人抓为俘虏——他们自己的人正在处决他们，这种情况确实存在。”
Ukraine’s military intelligence,
GUR, said more North Koreans were being brought to Kursk to replace losses.乌克兰军事情报局表示，有更多的朝鲜人被带到库尔斯克以弥补这些人员损失。 (喜欢就请关注)
